• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.467-467
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• 2023

강우에 의해 발생하는 비점오염물질의 수질 데이터가 충분하지 않아 비점오염원이 문제가 되고 있는 유역의 수질개선을 위한 대책마련이 어려운 실정이다. 기존에 환경부에서 운영하고 있는 자동측정망은 1시간 간격으로 데이터를 축적하고 있으나, 비점오염원이 문제가 되는 유역에 설치되어 있지 않거나 수온, DO, pH 등 현장항목만을 측정하고 있어 하천의 수질오염을 대표할 수 있는 T-P나 SS 등의 수질분석 항목의 부재하다. 이로인해 유역의 수질개선 대책을 수립하기 위한 오염원의 현황을 파악하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 비점오염원관리지역 중 골지천 유역을 대상으로 수질항목별 상관성을 분석하고, 실측자료를 기반으로 DT, MLP, SVM, RF, GB, XGB 등의 머신러닝 기법을 통해 수질 예측 가능성을 연구하였다. 상관관계 분석결과 입력변수인 탁도 항목이 예측 수질과 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나, 그 외 항목에서는 약한 상관관계를 보이거나 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 머신러닝 기법을 활용한 수질 예측 분석 결과, 검무교와 태봉2교, 제1여량교는 RF 기법에서 결정계수(R²) 0.57~0.86, RMSE 16.49~175.60으로 예측성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 관말교는 SVM 기법에서 R² 0.65, RMSE 57.69로, 송계교는 XGB 기법에서 R² 0.74, RMSE 282.86으로 가장 예측성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과와 같이 머신러닝 기법을 활용한 수질 예측은 가능하나, 예측성이 우수한 머신러닝 기법의 R² 비교 결과, 유역면적이 큰 제1여량교와 작은 관말교에서 0.57과 0.65로 다른 지점에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. RMSE 비교 결과, 상류 산간지역에 발생한 국지성 호우의 영향으로 흙탕물이 가장 자주 발생하는 태봉2교 지점과 우선관리지역이 합류되는 송계교 지점에서 175.60과 282.86으로 예측값과 실측값의 오차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과와 같이 하천 수질을 예측하기 위해서는 유역면적 혹은 유역특성과 관련한 기초자료를 추가로 적용하여 머신러닝 기법을 적용 해야할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 본 연구에서 예측한 수질 항목 이외에 입력변수를 추가로 확보하여 수질의 예측 가능성을 검토해야 할 것으로 보여진다.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

Objectives and methods : The Euibujipsung is the one of the huge-scale encyclopedias about Oriental Medicine. To investigate the most frequently used acupoints for hemiparesis after stroke, we used Euibujipsung CR-ROM database with several key words concerned with motor weakness (半身不遂 不遂不隨 癱瘓 中臟 中腑 風痱, etc.). Results : In the result, we found five popular acupoints (GV20, LI11, LI15, ST36 and GB39), and four meridians (Stomach, Gall bladder, Large intestine and Small intestine). We also found that the Yang meridians were cited more frequently than the Yin. Conclusion : Therefore we think that these findings can give further ideas to clinical practice and research fields for stroke rehabilitation in Oriental medicine.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.687-693
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• 2006

Image co-registration is the process of overlaying two images of the same scene, one of which represents a reference image, while the other is geometrically transformed to the one. In order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the co-registration approach, the author proposed a pre-qualified area matching algorithm which is composed of feature extraction with canny operator and area matching algorithm with cross correlation coefficient. For refining matching points, outlier detection using studentized residual was used and iteratively removes outliers at the level of three standard deviation. Throughout the pre-qualification and the refining processes, the computation time was significantly improved and the registration accuracy is enhanced. A prototype of the proposed algorithm was implemented and the performance test of 3 Landsat images of Korea. showed: (1) average RMSE error of the approach was 0.435 pixel; (2) the average number of matching points was over 25,573; (3) the average processing time was 4.2 min per image with a regular workstation equipped with a 3 GHz Intel Pentium 4 CPU and 1 Gbytes Ram. The proposed approach achieved robustness, full automation, and time efficiency.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using Korean medicine treatment with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. Case presentation: We used Korean medicine treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) to treat a hospitalized patient with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. To evaluate the treatment, we used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The degree of cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet was also evaluated using evaluation paper. The generic health status was measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scale. The 31-year-old female underwent 13 days of inpatient treatment. Her pattern identification was that both hands and feet are cold (BiYangHeo) types. The treatments were herbal medicine and acupuncture. She took Gyejigabuja-tang for 13 days. She also received acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day at LI11 (曲池), L14 (合谷), TE5 (外關) on her hands, LR3 (太衝), SP6 (三陰交), SP9 (陰陵泉) ST36 (足三里), GB41 (足臨泣) on Feet, GV4 (命門), GV3 (腰陽關), BL23 (腎兪), BL24 (氣海兪), BL25 (大腸兪), and BL26 (關元兪) on the low back. After 2 weeks of treatment, the NRS scale of her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet symptoms dropped from NRS 7 to NRS 3, and her low back pain dropped from NRS 6 to NRS 3. Her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet evaluation paper score decreased from 64 to 32, and her EQ-5D increased from 0.487 to 0.681. After the end of treatment, continued symptom improvements and no significant side effects were confirmed. Results: These findings suggest that Korean medical treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) may be effective for treating cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. The NRS, evaluation paper, and EQ-5D scores improved after treatment, with no side effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the treatment response to Korean medicine of a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) patient with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female diagnosed with PCD complained of dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. During 32-day hospitalization, she was treated with Korean medicine, namely, herbal medicine (modified Gamiguibi-tang), acupuncture (15 minutes twice a day at CV23, HT7, LI4, LR3, ST36, SP6, GB20, TE17, PC6, GV20, Ex-HN1, GV24 etc.), moxibustion, and cupping, combined with Western medicine (prednisolone, azathioprine) and physical therapy. Post-treatment, the patient global assessment (PGA) score of dysarthria fell from 100 to 60; grasp power rose from 15 kg to 19 kg and 13 kg to 17 kg in the right and left hands, respectively; and the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L), EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) scores changed from 10 to 8, 0 to 80, and 34 to 7 respectively. Follow-up visits continued for about a month after discharge, improvement in symptoms maintained, and there were no significant side effects. Conclusions: Given the lack of standard treatment for PCD, Korean medicine can be tried clinically for the treatment of PCD patients with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. However, further studies with control groups are needed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.986-995
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of endangered fish species and elucidate their relations on chemical water quality, physical habitat conditions and ecological stream health. The dominant species in the watershed was Pseudopungtungia nigra (Pn), Gobiobotia macrocephala (Gm), Gobiobotia brevibarba (Gb), Liobagrus obesus (Lo), and Iksookimia choii (Ic) in the order. The species of Pn designated as "critical endangered species (I) (CER)", was most widely distributed species among the endangered species, so the designation of the species should be re-evaluated. The endangered species was most popular (4 species, 384 individuals) in the Cho-River region of eighteen lotic regions. According to the analysis of chemical tolerance limits in the habitats with endangered fish species, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) was analyzed as "very good" (Ia) and "good condition" in the chemical criteria of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Also, chemical conditions, based on ammonia-N ($NH_{4+}$), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate-P ($PO_{4^-}P$) were much better in the habitat with endangered species (Hw) than the habitat without endangered species (Ho). In the meantime, the species of Ic showed wide ranges on the chemical tolerance, so physical habitat conditions, such as the size of substrate particles (sand) and hydrological regime, were considered as more important factors than the chemical water quality, if the water quality is not largely degraded. The endangered species were also more distributed in the high-order (4-6) streams than the low-order (1-3) streams. The evaluation of ecological stream health, based on multi-metric model of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), showed the large difference between the Hw (21.6, fair condition)and Ho (30.5, good condition), indicating that the habitat maintained well chemically and physically had higher distributions of endangered species. Overall, the designation of CER on the Pn should be re-evaluated due to wide-distributions, and the protections from water pollution and the habitat conservations on the endangered species are necessary in the watershed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.471-480
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• 1985

Recently several synthetic chemicals inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellic acids were found to be effective in preventing cereal crops from lodging by reducing culm length. The present study aimed to clarify the extent of practical manipulation of the culm length of the rice crop by changing the endogenous level of gibberellic acids with exogenous application of GA$_3$ or GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Three rice cultivars, 'Jinheung', 'Minehikari' (Japonica) and 'Hangangchal' (semi-dwarf Indica x Japonica) were treated with GA$_3$ (0, 20, 50 and 100 ppm solution) and an anti-gibberellin, paclobutrazol (0, 100, 200 and 300 g ai/ha) at three growth stages (maximum tillering, panicle initiation and meiotic stage), respectively. The application of GA$_3$ (50, 100 ppm) at maximum tillering stage and panicle initiation stage promoted the elongation of the 5th internodes from the top and GA$_3$ applied at meiotic stage promoted remarkably the elongation of the 3rd internodes. Culm was most elongated when GA$_3$ was applied at maximum tillering stage in 'Jinheung', at panicle initiation stage in 'Minehikari' and at meiotic stage in 'Hangangchal'. Paclobutrazol shortened the 4th and 5th internodes from the top when it was applied at maximum tillering stage and panicle initiation stage and the 2nd and 3rd internodes when it was applied at meiotic stage in the three cultivars. The semi-dwarf Indica x Japonica variety responded to a greater extent to the GA$_3$ and to a less extent to the anti-gib berellin than the Japonica varieties. The effect of GA$_3$ and paclobutrazol on the panicle length and the number of spikelets per panicle varied with time and dose of their application as well as with variety.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed for the purpose of finding causative organisms and clinical features of septic arthritis or acute osteomyelitis in children. Methods : The study involved a retrospective review of the medical records of 63 microbiologically confirmed cases of acute pyogenic arthritis and osteomyelitis. All of the cases were brought about by community-associated infections and managed at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital or Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from June 2003 to July 2009. Results : The median age of all cases was 60 months and there were 35 males and 28 females. Major involved joints included the hip joint (15 cases), knee joint (7 cases), shoulder joint (4 cases), and elbow joint (4 cases). Also, major involved bones included the femur (20 cases), tibia (13 cases), humerus (7 cases), and radius (7 cases). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified causative organism, accounting for 49 cases (77.8%). Of the 49 isolates of S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 8 cases (16.3%). Group B streptococcus spp. (GBS) and Salmonella spp. accounted for 3 cases, respectively. Nafcillin or cefazolin was often prescribed as an initial empirical antibiotic. There were 9 cases that were managed by a regimen that included vancomycin as the first choice. Fifty four cases (85.7%) recovered without any complications. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), responsible for 41 cases, caused chronic complications in 3 cases. Of 8 cases caused by MRSA, 1 case showed chronic complication. There were no fatal cases. Conclusion : S. aureus remains the most common organism causing acute pyogenic arthritis and osteomyelitis of childhood acquired in the community. The high prevalence of methicillin resistance among S. aureus should be considered carefully in the selection of initial empirical antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.842-847
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions on local government levels from 1990 to 2010 using 2006 IPCC guideline methodology. To calculate greenhouse gas emissions based on the 16 local governments, emission factor and scaling factor were used with default value and activity data came from the food, agricultural, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook of MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries). The total emissions in crop sector gradually decreased from 1990 to 2010 due to a decline in agricultural land and nitrogen fertilizer usage. The annual average emission of greenhouse gas was the highest in Jeonnam (JN) with 1,698 Gg $CO_2$-eq and following Chungnam (CN), Gyungbuk (GB), Jeonbuk (JB) and Gyunggi (GG). The sum of top-six locals emission had occupied 83.4% of the total emission in cropland sector. The annual average emissions in 1990 by applying 2006 IPCC guideline were approximately 43% less than the national greenhouse gas inventory by 1996 IPCC guideline. Jeonnam (JN) province occupied also the highest results of greenhouse gas emission estimated by gas types (methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide) and emission sources such as rice cultivation, agricultural soil, field burning of crop residue and urea fertilizer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is known as the chronic inflammatory diseasethat induces persistent inflammation in the joint cavity. The destruction of cartilage occurs as the result of bones destoyed by pannus, several influential cytokines induced by the synovial capsulitis, varieties of proteinases, $O_2$ radicals, and the secondary degenerative changes of articular cartilage. The type 2 collagen-induced arthritis model is used in recent experimental research on rheumatoid arthritis. Cervus elaphus sibiricus (Nockyong) has the effect of relieving pain by nourishing the muscles, joints, and bones. It is also known to be efficacious in promoting and enhancing the immune system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture to inhibit the generation of proinflammatory enzyme on type 2 collagen-induced arthritis. I investigated the inhibition of mRNA transcription of MIF(macrophage migration inhibitory factor), $TNF-{\alpha}$(Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture using an in vitro test. Also investigated was the inhibition of differentiation of Th 1 cells and activation of cytokines(MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, MMP-9), which are known to cause initial RA ,and are also related to the morphology of the synovial membranes of the joint capsule, by an in vivo test, using CIA(collagen induced arthritis) model mice. Materials & methods : The laboratory animals used in this experiment were 4 week-old DBA female mice, weighing approximately 20 grams, and adjusted to the laboratory environment. The experiment was divided into the normal group(NOR)-no treated group, control group(CON)-CIA induced group, and sample group(SAM)-Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture treated group. RA was induced in the mice via injection of $50{\mu}{\ell}$ C II mixed CFA. The Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution was applied on $GB_{35}$(陽陵泉) for 26 days from the 3rd day of RA inducement. The concentration of the solution was determined via a MTT assay. To research the effect on the expression of MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 mRNA, RT-PCR was performed on synovial membrane cells from the knee joint of CIA mice. C II induced RA knee joint's histo-chemical synovial membrane was observed using a specimen model via the Hematoxilin and Eosin dying technique. Results : The expression of mRNA of RA-related cytokines such as MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and MMP-9 dosedependently decreased in the cell from the synovial membranes of the joint, which is treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution. In mice treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricusherbal acupuncture, the damage of synovial membranes of the joint was lessened, and differentiation of Th 1 cells was suppressed. The activation of RA-related cytokines such as MIF was suppressed, and the generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 showed a statistically significant decreas. Conclusions : It is speculated that Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture has the therapeutic effect of palliating the damage of the tissue impaired by RA by inhibition of the initial RA progression and by regulating excessive differentiation of Th 1 cell as it suppresses the generation of RA-related cytokines during the highest stage of RA by acting on pro-inflammatory enzymes.