• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.307-324
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• 2011

The global economic crisis made most of governments to overcome the economic depression as well as the challenging tasks for global warming. It is not easy political vision to harmonize these two rabbits race, and thus it needs to be developed new paradigm for the sustainable development. Unfortunately, the traditional cost-approach based productivity could not resolve this trade-off relation. Therefore, the paper is aimed to develop new approach on the green productivity index with the DEA models in the 1st stage, and then based on these green productivity scores, the paper is analyzed the determinants of these green productivity in the 2nd stage among the G 20 countries. The empirical result shows that the effect of GDP, carbon intensity, and capital and labor intensity toward the green growth is positive on the green productivity, while the level of government efforts is not significant on the green productivity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to examine validity of the following guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in the Korean Pharmacopoeia regarding foreign materials: "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%." Methods : Varied compliance guidelines for and original plants of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium across countries were compared and contrasted. In order to do this, pharmacopoeias from a number of different countries including Korea were used as references. Results : The weights including seed parts were Z. piperitum 3.48g, Z. schinifolium 2.94g, and Z. bungeanum 2.16g; while the weights of peel parts were Z. piperitum 1.45g, Z. schinifolium 1.69g, and Z. bungeanum 0.98g. In terms of weight, Z. piperitum was the heaviest with its entire part including the seed, whereas Z. schinifolium was the heaviest with its peel part. The proportions of each seed in the whole part were Z. piperitum 58.33%, Z. schinifolium 42.52%, and Z. bungeanum 54.63%. Considering these figures, including seed parts in the guideline up to 20% is inappropriate; however, this guideline is inevitable in order to use seed parts for medicinal purpose. Conclusion : In this article, the author argues if any changes were to made on the guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with respect to foreign materials - "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%" - its seed part should firsthand be separated from its peel part and be designated as one kind of medicine. Then, revisions on the foreign materials compliance guidelines for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium should also be made.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2012

The recent global financial crisis has highlighted the importance of international monetary and financial system reform. The current system is deemed to be no longer adequate to meet the needs of a complex, integrated world economy. With regards to the reform of the international monetary system, there have been various proposals both in demand and supply sides. These include proposals to build a stronger global financial safety net, to diversify the supply of international reserve currency and so on. These proposals face trade-offs between desirability and political feasibility. Given this situation, a practical transition would be to strengthen policy coordination among the major economies and to reform the International Monetary Fund. The success on both fronts depends heavily on global economic governance reform and the role of the G20. Increased status and representation of Asian countries in the G20 give both privileges and responsibilities to Asians. To meet these responsibilities, Asians should put forth greater efforts to develop their intellectual leadership in global economic issues through creating new forum and institutions.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Purpose: Global economic integration has provided good opportunities and conditions for the development of foreign direct investment in Finances. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore what determines foreign direct investment in Finances of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Research design, data and methodology: This paper employs the panel data over the period 2005-2017 and uses the random effect model to estimate this proposition. Results: The results indicate that the foreign direct investment in services, growth rate of GDP, interest rate and saving are positively related with foreign direct investment in finances. Conversely, the growth rate of wage and fluctuation rate of exchange rate are negatively related with foreign direct investment in finances. Moreover, the results verify that the effect of these variables on foreign direct investment in finances is different before and after 2008 (global economic crisis). In addition, the results also manifest that the regional effect exists. Namely, the effect of these variables on foreign direct investment in finances between G7 countries and G20 countries exist significant difference. Conclusions: Those variables used in this paper are related with foreign direct investment in Finances of (OECD) countries.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Energy consumption is the largest contributing factor for the increase of $CO_2$ emissions and amounts for almost 85% of all emissions. The future energy consumption of Korea is projected to grow exponentially despite its heavy dependence on imported energy that represents 97% of its total energy supply. According to a recent OECD report the carbon emission level of Korea is currently ranked 9th in $CO_2$ emissions, and is growing by almost 3% every year. Against this background, the Korean government introduced the "low carbon green growth" policy in 2008. As the global challenges intensified in the wake of the world economic crisis, Korea has been working hard in raising the visibility of its efforts at the club governance meetings, in particular the G-20 summit. Because of cooperative efforts with major member countries, the G-20 summit agenda has been significantly diversified to include long-term issues such as climate change, development issues, and global health. To achieve an effective green recovery for a new green world economic order, the G-20 summit leaders should concentrate on a strategy of establishing green governance for a global STI cooperation. Korea as the host country is poised to leverage the Seoul G-20 summit to catalyze global efforts toward a new green economic order.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.219-242
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• 2024

This study examined the output performance of papers published in international journals in the LIS field over the past 20 years and used the Gini coefficient and Hirschman-Herfindahl (HHI) index to understand the international gap in academic paper output and its changes. In addition, the characteristics of academic publications were visualized focusing on the top producing countries of academic papers, and differences according to sub-research areas were also identified. As a result of the analysis, first, although the United States and China are leading the publication of papers over the past five years, the results produced by the Netherlands showed relatively high influence and international and industrial cooperation results. Second, a high inter-country gap index (g= 0.7-0.8) has been maintained in terms of paper production and citation volume over the past 20 years, but the concentration of top countries is showing a trend of easing over time, as CR3 (Concentration Ration 3) decreased from 63.3% to 43.2%, HHI decreased from 2,129.6 to 976.1. Third, the LS field showed the highest gap between countries and a high degree of concentration centered on the United States, while the SM field was confirmed to be the most dispersed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

One of the prominent challenges of e-government identified in developing countries is low level of ICT literacy and skills of e-government users. For those countries at the nascent stage of e-government development, it is crucial to identify and provide e-skills needed from the demand side. However, prior research has mostly focused on the supply side of e-skills, ignoring the consumption side of e-skills. In addition, no user centric approach for e-skills identification and development for e-service consumption, with respect to the stages of e-government development, have been proposed and validated. The purpose of this article is thus to: 1) Identify skills required for e-services utilization by all participants-citizens, public, and private sector employees-involved in G2C, G2B, and G2E e-government relationships respectively; assuming they are consumers of e-government and to 2) Propose and validate an user-centric approach for e-skills identification and development based on stages of e-government utilizing the Delphi method. As a result of the study, a comprehensive list of e-skills (N = 81) was generated. We found that e-skills required for e-service consumption are not merely technical; they include a wide variety of related skills that can be applied to enhancing e-skills. Therefore, the findings can serve as a standard curriculum for training and educating both citizens and government employees in developing countries. Moreover, the findings of this research may also facilitate international organizations in indentifying and measuring citizens' readiness for e-government in terms of e-skills.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.139-150
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• 2020

Fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication supports low latency of up to 1 ms or less, 20 Gbps of data rate, and more than 1 million connections. With these technical advantages, machines and equipment can be precisely adjusted, allowing 5G to be applied to industrial applications. To expand the industrial application of 5G wireless communications, major countries have introduced dedicated 5G, allowing specific companies to build and use 5G directly. Germany, UK, and Japan allocate 100 MHz, 416 MHz, and 1,200 MHz, respectively, of bandwidth dedicated to 5G. Companies with local licenses from the government are expected to accelerate the application of 5G at a low cost and low-frequency range. Therefore, Korea should introduce private 5G to foster 5G-related industrial ecosystems and successfully implement the fourth industrial revolution.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes the economic and non-economic factors that contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing CO₂ emissions, based on G20 panel data. Design/methodology - We conduct a comparative analysis of advanced and developing economies during 1995-2016. To examine the impact, an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model was employed, incorporating additional explanatory variables such as internet use, renewable energy, and services trade. Findings - The empirical findings show the existence of an inverted U-shaped EKC phenomenon between GDP per capita and CO₂ emissions in G20 economies, with the turning point at a per capita GDP level of US$ 38,340. Moreover, an inverted U-shape relation exists between internet use and CO₂ emissions, with the turning point at a 44% internet use rate. The comparative analysis show that the inverted U-shape curve only exits in advanced economies, with turning points of US$ 42,356 per capita GDP and 27% internet use rate, respectively. Renewable energy and services trade have a greater negative impact on CO₂ emissions in advanced economies than in developing economies. Originality/value - Renewable energy and services trade have a greater negative impact on CO₂ emissions in advanced economies than in developing economies. Overall, the results suggest the role of internet use, renewable energy and services trade in sustainable development in G20 countries.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.114-124
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• 2023

Recently, there have been the World Economic Forum's space economy guidelines, the International Telecommunication Union's regulations for each satellite orbit, the development of chips using satellite communication by global manufacturers and service providers, and the registration of key telecommunication businesses. Accordingly, trends in low-orbit 5G satellite communication services in Korea were investigated and analyzed, and the current situation in Korea was diagnosed. Korea's satellite communications accounts for 0.31% of all satellites when analyzed centering on countries with 20 or more satellites. Korea's communication satellite holdings are insufficient compared to 187 times that of the United States, 45 times that of Russia, and 18 times that of China. There is no link technology between 5G and LEO, and the cost of launch vehicles is high. In addition, it is judged that the ecosystem of equipment companies in the low-orbit 5G-NTN business model is insufficient.