• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

The inhibitory effects of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with water and ethanol extracts of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves were investigated. The lipid accumulation of ethanol extract from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was reduced by 50% compared with control cells, whereas water extracts reduced by 86%. The survival rate of cell viability test showed 80% in the growth of cells at concentrations of 0.5-5 mg/mL. The contents of DNJ(1-deoxynojirimycin) and rutin were higher in leaves than those of stem. Moreover, DNJ contents were detected in large amounts in ethanol extract ($3921.3{\mu}g/g$) compared with water extract ($2906.3{\mu}g/g$). On the contrary, the rutin contents was detected in large amounts in water extracts compared with ethanol extract. These results indicate that Curdrania tricuspidata leaves extract is potential sources of natural antiobesity agent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to develop the tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) sprouts and to clarify the biological and chemical characteristics of the sprouts. At 7 days after seeding, hypocotyls length and thickness, and root length of tartary buckwheat sprouts were 137 cm, 1.4 mm, and 12.6 cm, respectively. Fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture contents of an individual sprout at 7 days after seeding were 202 mg, 5.4 mg, and 95.3%, respectively. Protein content in tartary buckwheat sprouts was 23.0% which relatively higher than that of seeds, while lipid and ash contents were 3.5% and 5.3%. Among 7 minerals, the content of phosphorus showed the highest level (1,383.5 mg/100 g), while the contents of sodium and potassium were 1,197.5 mg/100 g and 1,106 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of other minerals were Mg (795.5 mg/100 g), Ca (149 mg/100 g), Zn (16.4 mg/ 100 g), and Fe (14.7 mg/100 g). The rutin content of tatary buckwheat sprouts including root parts was the highest (5644.9 mg/100 g) at 7 days after seeding. The concentration of catechin derivatives in tartary buckwheat sprouts was high in order of catechin (59 mg/100 g), epicatechin gallate (47 mg/100 g), and epicatechin (14 mg/100 g).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to enhance the Tartary buckwheat growth and phenolic profile by the application of $SiO_2$ on potsin the glasshouse. The liquid of $SiO_2$ were applied at three times after three weeks of sowing at ten days interval. The doses of the $SiO_2$ was low (2.5 ml/5 L water), high (10 ml in 5 L water) and control experiment was done without $SiO_2$. In this study, it is clearly shown that high dose of $SiO_2$ increased the buckwheat plant growth including, plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, fresh weight and number of seed per plant compared to control treatment. In the same way, the total phenolic compound (1421 mg/100 g), total flavonoid (35.1 mg/100g), rutin (3,130 mg/100g) and DPPH (82%) in plant were also increased high dose of $SiO_2$ compared to control (1,175 mg/100g, 31.9mg/100g, 860 mg/100g, 59%, respectively). Moreover, higher phenolic compound (1,421 mg/100g) and DPPH (82%) was observed in plant compared to seed (196 mg/100mg, 72 %, respectively). In the contrary, total flavonoid (36.2 mg/100g) and rutin (1,400 mg/100g) was higher in buckwheat seed compared to plant (35.1 mg/100g, 3,130 mg/100g, respectively). Finally, it is concluded that higher dose of $SiO_2$ enhance buckwheat growth and phenolic profile. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the optimum dose of $SiO_2$ according to soil conditions in the field.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

In this study, we prepared elastic liposome containing rutin, known as antioxidants, and evaluated the physical characterization and enhanced skin permeation effect. The elastic liposome was prepared using the different ratios of egg phospholipids and $Tego^{(R)}$ care 450. The mean diameter of rutin loaded elastic liposomes formulations ranged between 205.7 ~ 298.0 nm and deforability 20.9 ~ 42.5, The loading efficiency was observed to be 52.0 ~ 71.0 %. The highest loading efficiency (71.0 %) and deformability (42.5) were observed at the optimal ratio of 85 : 15 (egg phospholipids : $Tego^{(R)}$ care 450) in the 0.1 % rutin loaded elastic liposome formulations. The elastic liposome formulation was selected for further transdermal permeation study. The elastic liposome(129.9 ${\mu}g/cm^2$) exhibited a significantly higher skin permeation compared with general liposome (98.0 ${\mu}g/cm^2$) and 1,3-butylene glycol (76.3 ${\mu}g/cm^2$) solution. These results suggest that the elastic liposome formulation using $Tego^{(R)}$ care 450 as a major edge activator could be useful for the delivery of active ingredient through the skin barrier.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

In order to facilitate the quality control of the fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida, a simple, accurate and reliable HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the three bioactive compounds: chlorogenic acid (1), rutin (2), and hyperin (3), which were selected as the chemical markers of C. pinnatifida. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous-acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 254nm. All three calibration curves showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.998). The recoveries of three marker compounds were in the range of 94.87~111.52 %. The contents of chlorogenic acid (1), rutin (2), and hyperin (3) of the fruits of C. pinnatifida collected from 23 district markets in Korea, Japan, and China were 0.16~0.65 mg/g, 0.07~1.24 mg/g, and 0.03~0.62 mg/g, respectively. The results demonstrated that this method is simple and reliable for the quality control of the fruits of C. pinnatifida.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2008

To produce buckwheat sprouts, buckwheats were germinated at $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ up to 8 days in total darkness. In proximate analysis, moisture content increased from 13.87% of buckwheat groats to 93.75% of buckwheat sprouts on the 8th day of germination. On dry weight basis, lipid and ash contents increased like as protein content increased from 13.45% to 21.82% while carbohydrate content decreased due to enzyme hydrolysis. Amino acids were rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acids, and lysine, and also the ratio of the essential amino acids to total amino acids increased from 26.84% to 36.84%. Vitamin C did not exist in buckwheat groats but its content has continued to increase as far as 99.56 mg/100 g buckwheat sprouts. Rutin continued to increase by HPLC analysis from 4.71 mg/100 g buckwheat groats to 1,524 mg/100 g buckwheat sprouts. In analysis of organic acids, oxalic, maleic, and citric acids were commonly found in buckwheat sprouts. Fagopyrin was found almost none in buckwheat sprouts. In conclusion, the conversion of buckwheat seeds into sprouts through germination in darkness results in physically different final product with nutritional changes such as higher content of rutin, generation of vitamin C, abundance of the essential amino acids, and the existence of fagopyrin on very little.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2014

This study analyzed the production and heat stability of an emulsion made from buckwheat sprout extracts with high rutin content. To obtain high rutin contents, buckwheat was sprouted and the polyphenols and rutin were extracted from buckwheat sprouts. Concentrated extracts were made into an emulsion using a homo mixer and hydraulic homogenizer, after which heat stability was analyzed. The polyphenol contents were highest in ground sprouts grown for 8 days (10.66 mg/g), which was 10 times higher than those of buckwheat seeds. Extraction with 50% ethanol after blanching was the most effective method for obtaining extracts with higher polyphenol content and rutin content. Extracts were concentrated up to 60% soluble solid content and then emulsified using a homo mixer and hydraulic homogenizer. Heat stability of the emulsion passed through the hydraulic homogenizer was slightly higher than that made using the homo mixer. The heat stability of the emulsion was more strongly affected by heating time than temperature. In conclusion, the buckwheat concentrate emulsion passed through the hydraulic homogenizer was more heat stable than buckwheat extract alone.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1521-1530
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• 2023

An α-L-rhamnosidase gene from Thermoclostridium. stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum DSM 2910 (TstRhaA) was cloned and expressed. The maximum TstRhaA activity of the protein reached 25.2 U/ml, and the molecular mass was approximately 106.6 kDa. The protein was purified 8.0-fold by Ni-TED affinity with an overall recovery of 16.6% and a specific activity of 187.9 U/mg. TstRhaA activity was the highest at 65℃ and pH 6.5. In addition, it exhibited excellent thermal stability, better pH stability, good tolerance to low concentrations of organic reagents, and high catalytic activity for p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (pNPR). Substrate specificity studies showed that TstRhaA exhibited a high specific activity for rutin. At 60℃, pH 6.5, and 0.3 U/ml enzyme dosage, 60 g/l rutin was converted to 45.55 g/l isoquercitrin within 150 min. The molar conversion rate of rutin and the yield of isoquercitrin were 99.8% and 12.22 g/l/h, respectively. The results suggested that TstRhaA could be used for mass production of isoquercitrin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2022

To enable the widespread use of buckwheat and create novel consumer demands through improved food processing techniques, we compared the quality characteristics of roasted groats following different processing and brewing methods for common and tartary buckwheat. The various processing steps resulted in significant reductions in rutin content for both buckwheat species, while the quercetin content increased in the tartary buckwheat. The fully processed tea products showed dramatic differences in rutin content, which varied based on the buckwheat species, formulation, and brewing method. Tartary buckwheat contained an average of 61 times more rutin than common buckwheat. The tartary buckwheat variety, Hwanggeum-miso, was used to determine an optimal roasting temperature of 70-80℃. Finally, we suggest that consumers who want buckwheat tea rich in rutin would prefer hand-drip-extracted tea, while those who want tea with less bitterness, sweetness, and good flavor would prefer the cold-brewed method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without rutin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats ($272.2{\pm}7.2 g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups: control (C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 20% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76 (AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.75% rutin (R-0.75) or 1.5% rutin (R-1.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of rutin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in both control and treatment groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were lower than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-0.75 and C group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were higher than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-1.5 and C group (p < 0.01). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were the lower than those in C group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of rutin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.