• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 1999

The protective actions of ambroxol, rutin, glutathione and harmaline on oxidative damages of various tissue components were compared. The mechanisms by which they prevent oxidative tissue damages were explored. Lipid peroxidation of liver microsomes induced by combinations of $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate or $Fe^{+3}$, ADP and NADPH was inhibited by $50\; \muM$ of rutin, ambroxol, harmaline and glutathione. Ambroxol ($100\; \muM$) inhibited the degradation of hyaluronic acid by $Fe^{2+}$, $H_2O$_2$ and ascorbate, and it was greater than that of harmaline, whereas hyaluronic acid degradation was not prevented by rutin and glutathione. The compounds used ($100\; \muM$) did not protect the degradation of cartilage collagen by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Rutin, glutathione and harmaline decreased the degradation of IgG by xanthine and xanthine oxidate, while ambroxol did not attenuate degradation of IgG. Glutathione showed a scavenging action on $H_2O_2$. The compounds all showed scavenging actions on hydroxyl radical. Ambroxol and harmaline exhibited quenching effects en singlet oxygen. In conclusion, ambroxol, rutin, glutathione and harmaline may exert protective effects differently on tissue components against oxidative attack depend on kind of tissue component and free radical.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

This study carried out to investigate the variation of flavonoids contents in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) according to plant parts, harvesting time, growth stage, and sowing time. Vitexin and isovitexin were found only in the seeds but not in the leaves, petioles, stems, and roots. Vitexin and isovitexin in seeds were detected only in the seed coat at concentration of 51.1 and $51.7\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively, but not in the cotyledon. There were no differences in the content of vitexin and isovitexin in mungbean seeds according to early, recommended and late harvesting times. Rutin in leaves was isolated and identified as a functional substance. The content of rutin was the highest in the leaves and higher in the order of petioles and stems. However, there was no rutin in the seeds, roots, and pods. The highest rutin content in the leaves, petioles and stems was observed at the 3rd leaf stage, which was higher in the order of the 5th and 7th leaf stage.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1994

In this study, total dietary fiber contents, acid detergent fiber contents lignin, water binding capacity (WBC), iron binding capacity of ADF and rutin contents from Korean buckwheats were determined. Total dietary fiber (TDF) content was 3.14% in kyungbuk rice buckwheat, 5.65% in kangwon hull buckwheat and 3.35% in kangwon rice buckwheat. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was 2.47, 4.46 and 2.94%, respectively and lignin content was 1.14, 1.60 and 1.08% respectively. The water binding capacity of these three sample dietary fiber showed that TDF were in the range of 2.87~3.88 g %H_2O$/g DF and ADF were in the range of 4.62~5.26 g %H_2O$/g DF. The iron binding capacity of ADF at pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 were 79.11, 78.01, 46.16% in kyungbuk rice buckwheat, 70.63, 63.83, 53.60% in kangwon hull buckwheat and 77.67, 76.33, 50.25% in kangwon rice buckwheat. The rutin contents of these samples and their hulls were 13.54~16.41 mg/100 g groats and 12.13~14.24 mg/100 g in hulls. The rutin content of kyungbuk rice buckwheat was the highest.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2002

In an attempt to compare the antioxidation effects of constrain the oxidation and improve the structural stability, retinol and various antioxidants were together encapsulated by liposome. Four water soluble and four oil soluble antioxidants were tested for performance. The influence of tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), ${\alpha}$-glycosyl rutin(${\alpha}$-G rutin), licorece, pycnogenol as water soluble antioxidants and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, ferulic acid, natural concentrated tooopherol(no-tocopherol) as oil soluble antioxidants on the constraint of oxidation of retinol were investigated. Additional study was conducted to compare the synergic effect of antioxidation for retinol with licorice, pycnogenol, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and BHT. All the antioxidant used at the study constrained oxidation of retinol. The effect of antioxidation for retinol increased in order of licorice, pycnogenol, TBHQ, ${\alpha}$-G rutin as water soluble antioxidants and ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, BHT, no-tocopherol, ferulic acid as oil soluble antioxidants. In conclusion, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid is more effective retinol antioxidants than BHT. And the combination of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and BHT gave best synergic among six combinations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.989-995
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• 2009

Extract yield of tartary buckwheat treated with water, 70% ethanol or methanol were about 13.6%, 7.0% and 6.6%, respectively. Extract yield was greatly increased by the treatment of $\alpha$-amylase indicating 95.1% yield. $RC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity with methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were 34.0 $\mu g$/mL, 40.5 $\mu g$/mL, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity increased when it was treated with $\beta$-glucosidase and cellulase, showing $RC_{50}$ value of 24.7 $\mu g$/mL and 25.0 $\mu g$/mL, respectively. In ABTS radical scavenging activity, methanol extract (100 $\mu g$/mL) showed 30% inhibition. In DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging activities, the treatment of $\beta$-glucanase and $\alpha$-amylase shows the highest and the lowest activities, respectively. In $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effect, 70% ethanol extract showed $RC_{50}$ value of 59.9 $\mu g$/mL, but water extract was not inhibitory effective. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effect was the highest in multi enzyme treatment. Content of rutin and quercetin in methanol extract showed higher value with 4400.3 mg% and 71.9 mg%, respectively. The 70% ethanol extract of buckwheat contained rutin of 3459.8 mg% and quercetin of 56.9 mg%. In the treatment of $\beta$-glucanase, the rutin content of ethanol extract increased with 5057.4 mg% and multi-enzyme treatment resulted in the modification of rutin glycoside.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

We studied square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWV) to analyze quantitatively rutin contained in transparent skin-lotion using graphite electrode. The optimum analytical conditions for quantitative analysis of rutin were determined and the linear range was obtained of $1\;{\sim}\;8\;{\mu}g/mL$. The relative standard deviation of fifteen times repetition measurement for $0.1\;{\mu}g/mL$ of rutin was 0.080 and the detection limit was $0.01\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. We considered that this study could be used for quantitative analysis of active components contained in cosmetics.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2018

The herbs of Lamium takesimense Nakai (Lamiaceae) is used to treat spasmodic and inflammatory disease. The four polar compounds, ecdysterone, isoacteoside, rutin and lamiuside C, were isolated and identified from the BuOH fraction of the L. takesimense MeOH extract. HPLC quantification was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6mm{\times}250mm$) with a gradient elution of $H_2O$ and 0.05% acetic acid in MeOH. The HPLC method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision, and accuracy. The quantitative level in plant material was determined as the following order: lamiuside C (4, 3.75 mg/g dry weight) > ecdysterone (1, 1.93 mg/g) > isoacteoside (2, 1.32 mg/g) > rutin (3, 0.97 mg/g).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2006

In order to prepare liqueur of citrus fruit, changes of major constituents, flavonoid pH, color changes, and extract, by soaking 3 kg/6 L kumquats for $1{\sim}70$ days and 1 kg/3 L Citrus platymama for $1{\sim}50$ days in $30{\sim}95%$ ethanol solution were investigated 1.5kg of kumquats, and 1kg of citrus platymama were soaked in 3 L of $30{\sim}95%$ ethanol solution for $50{\sim}70$ days. pH and color changed largely by ethanol concentration. Glucose and fructose were more extracted in $60{\sim}95%$ ethanol concentration. Citric acid and malic acid were extracted $10{\sim}15$ times with kumquats than with Citrus platymama in 30% ethanol solution. Ascorbic acid was more extracted in 60% ethanol solution for kumquats, and in 95% ethanol for Citrus platymamma. The content of ascorbic acid was $3.19{\sim}41.91{\mu}g/mL$ in kumquats, and $21.90{\sim}30.12{\mu}g/mL$ in Citrus platymamma. $312.82{\sim}688.12{\mu}g/mL$ of rutin were extracted in 95% ethanol solution, $9.32{\sim}74.49{\mu}g/mL$ of neohesperidin were extracted in 60% ethanol as for kumquats. Rutin and neohesperidin were more extracted in 30% ethanol concentration contrary to hesperidin. Hesperidin was extracted $38.93{\sim}136.86{\mu}g/mL$ in 95% ethanol solution.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

The physical properties of mulberry leaf noodle were compared with 3 level of rates(5, 10, and 20%) of mulberry leaf powder to wheat flour and 6 times of leaf picking seasons. The contents of rutin, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inorganic compounds in mulberry leaf were analyzed with seasons and pretreatment of mulberry leaf. Dry matter content of mulberry leaf powder was about 20%. The leaf powder passed through 100 mesh sieve was 6% from fresh leaf weight. Through the taste test, 10% mulberry powder rate to flour was the best. Rutin content decreased with season, 319mg/100g DW on May 13, but 111mg/100g DW on May 26 and 43mg/100g DW on June 9. Rutin in dry leaf lost 37% by steaming and 83% by in boiling water. CAGA content on leaf decreased with season, 27.7mg/100g FW on May 13 and about 60% of on June 9.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

We studied on improvement method of rutin content using mulberry leaf powder. Mulberry leaves were collected and then hot-air dried and powdered for experiment. As a result, we have developed a pre-treatment method that extracts mulberry leaf powder with water or fermented alcohol with reflux extractor and then increases the rutin content by improving the process. Citric acid (0.1 ~ 1%) and 1000 ml fermented alcohol (50 ~ 95%) or water (10 ~ 50 times) was extracted with 100 g of mulberry leaf powder using a reflux extraction device ($80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, twice). The extracts were collected, filtered and concentrated. For the recrystallization, the concentrate was dissolved by adding distilled water and allowed to stand at a low temperature. Then, the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation, and only the residue was lyophilized to prepare a final powder. As a result, regardless of the concentration of citric acid added, the content of rutin was higher in 90% fermented alcohol extract. Whereas, in the case of extracting with water, citric acid 0.5% was added to water 25 times as much as the weight of mulberry leaf powder, and 2274.4 (mg / 100g) of rutin content was highest in the case of refluxing twice at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The powder with increased rutin content is expected to be applicable to various foods as a food additive. In addition, it can contribute to the improvement of the farm income by promoting consumption of mulberry leaf while satisfying the consumers' desire for functional food intake.