• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.311-321
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• 1993

Ammonia accumulation is regarded as the limiting factor of the first priority in water qualities of aquatic culture systems. Nitrification efficiency and characteristics in seawater were evaluated using Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) process as a part of the recycling water treatment facilities for marine fish culture system. Ammonia removal efficiency regarded 99.7 to $83.7\%$ at the ammonia surface loading rates of 48 to $393 mg/m^2$ -day. RBC process was able to withstand to the fluctuation of influent ammonia concentrations and loading and produced the stable effluent. The mathematical model on the fixed-film biological reactor developed by Kornegay seemed to be suitable to RBC process kinetic evaluation for the recycling water treatment of the marine fish culture system. Area capacity constant (P) and half-velocity constant (Ks) in the model were 0.188g/m^2$-day and 1.25mg/l, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

Capacity of water treatment of the three phase fluidized bed reactor as a biofilter in the seawater recirculating system was evaluated. The water treatment system consists of fluidized bed reactor for ammonia removal, cartridge filter for solid removal and ozone contactor for disinfection. Mean concentration of water quality parameters: COD, TAN, $NO_2$-N, $NO_3$-N, SS and alkalinity were 9.0, 0.22, 0.05, 20.0, 9.5 and 70.0 mg/l, respectively; the relevant values were 7.6 for pH and 3.64 NTU for turbidity. These indicate the maintenance of good water quality by the treatment system. The influent TAN loading rate in to the fluidized bed reactor ranged from 4.3 to 32.9 g/$m^3$/day, and averaged to 20 g/$m^3$/day. TAN removal efficiency of each phase of the fluidized bed reactor was 47-60%, indicating the effective ammonia removal. During operation the effluent of fluidized bed reactors also maintained the unionized ammonia nitrogen level below 0.002 mg/l.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 1996

Using rotating biological contactor(RBC) with artificial endogenous stage and aerobic fixed biofilm reactor(AFBR), organic material removal and biological nitrification of piggery wastewater has been studied at a pilot plant. RBC was operated in the endogenous phase at a interval of every 25 days. The concentration of COD, BOD and TKN in influent wastewater were from 2,940 to 3,800 mg/L, from 1,190 to 1,850 mg/L and from 486 to 754 mg/L respectively. The maximum active biomass content represented as VSS per unit aera was $2.0mg/cm$^{2}$ and biofilm dry density of $17mg/cm^{3}$ was observed at biofilm thickness of $900{\;}{\mu}m$. It was observed that the pilot scale RBC/AFBR process exhibited 72 percentage to 93 percentage of BOD removal, In order to obtain more than 90 percentage of BOD removal, the organic loading rate to the RBC/AFBR process should be maintained less than $0.09{\;}m^{3}/m^{2}{\cdot}day(125.9g{;\}BOD/m^{3}{\cdot}d$. The TKN removal efficiencies was from 45.5 to 90.9 percentage according to vary influent loading rate, It was estimated that the RBC/AFBR process consumed approximately 6.2 mg/L(as $CaCO_{3}$) of alkalinity per 1 mg/L of $NH_{3}$-N oxidized as the nitrification took piace.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.466-469
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• 2006

The bed stability of Streamline DEAE (p = 1.2 g/mL) in a 20mm (i.d.) glass expanded bed contactor, and its performance on the recovery of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) from unclarified yeast homogenate were investigated. A residence time distribution study showed that a stable expanded bed was achieved. The theoretical plate and Bodenstein numbers determined were 25 and 53, respectively. A recovery yield of 87% and purification factor of 4.1 were achieved in the operation using 5% (w/v) biomass concentration feedstock. The performance of the anion exchange EBAC was still considerable good at a biomass concentration as high as 15% (w/v).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC (rotating biological contactor) and its application in advanced municipal wastewater treatment process to remove biologically organics and ammonia nitrogen. Effluent COD and nitrogen concentration increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. But, the concentration changes of NO$_2$$\^$-/ -N and NO$_3$$\^$-/ -N were little, as compared to COD and NH$_4$$\^$+/ -N. When the volumetric loading rate increased, COD removal efficiency and nitrification appeared very high as 96.7∼98.8% and 92.5∼98.8%, respectively. However, denitrification rate decreased to 76.2∼88.0%. These results showed that the change of volumetric loading rate affected to the denitrification rate more than COD removal efficiency or nitrification rate. The surface loading rates applied to RBC were 0.13～6.0lg COD/㎡-day and 0.312∼1.677g NH$_4$$\^$+/-N㎡-day and they were increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. However, the nitrification rate showed higher than 90%. The thickness of the biofilm in RBC was 0.130 ∼0.141mm and the density of biofilm was 79.62∼83.78mg/㎤. They were increased as surface loading rate increased. From batch kinetic tests, the k$\_$maxH/ and k$\_$maxN/ were obtained as 1.586 g C/g VSS-day, and 0.276 g N/g VSS-day, respectively. Kinetic constants of denitrifer in anoxic reactor, Y, k$\_$e/, K$\_$s/, and k were 0.678 mg VSS/mg N, 0.0032 day$\^$-1/, 29.0 mg N/l , and 0.108 day$\^$-l/, respectively. P and K$\_$s/, values of nitrification and organics removal in RBC were 0.556 g N/㎡-day and 18.71 g COD/㎡-day, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2003

The effects of different stocking densities on the growth of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai and water quality in the recirculating system with rotating biological contactor, were assessed. The trials were conducted using total weight 32 g juveniles abalone for 60 days at stocking densities of 5, 10, 15 kg/$m^2$. The animals were fed sufficient amounts of the pellet diet of 30.4% protein during the experimental period. Daily feeding rate (DFR) and survival rate (SR) of 5 kg/$m^2$ showed 0.76% and 85.5% those were not significantly differed 10 kg/$m^2$ showing 0.75% and 96.0% (P>0.05). DFR and SR of 15 kg/$m^2$ showing 0.38% and 31.2% were significantly lower than 5 and 10 kg/m2 (P<0.05). Daily growth rate (DGR) and feed efficiency (FE) showed the highest as 0.19% and 24.2% in 5 kg/$m^2$ the lowest as 0.05% and 14.3% in 15 kg/$m^2$ (P<0.05). According to, these results was an inverse relationship between growth and stocking density. The optimum density of juvenile abalone from this experiment is 5 to 10 kg/$m^2$ in the recirculating system.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.520-523
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• 2000

Phenol and other phenolic compounds are common constituents of aqueous effluents from processes such as polymeric resin production, oil refining and cokeing plants. Phenol is a both toxic and lethal of fish at relatively low concentrations e.g. 5-25 mg/L and imparts objectionable tastes to drinking water at far lower concentration. Therefore, the treatment of phenol effluent is important. Among the various techniques of phenol wastewater treatment, microbial teratment is a popular process. The breakdown of phenols by microorganisms has recived considerable attention, because of its biochemical interest and its industrial importance in effluent treatment. This research was performed to investigate the dynamics of microbial community, biofilm growth and the comparison of phenol removal efficiency by RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor) using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT The experiment was carried out at rotating speed of 10ppm and hydraulic retention time of 7 hours. As time passed, phenol removal efficiency was gained highly. The RBC using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT completely degraded 15 mM.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 1997

Ammonia removal capacities of five submerged filter media, 2~3mm sand, 30~50mm gravel, 20~40mm coral sand, polythylene net, and corrugated plastic plate in a seawater recirculating system were tested. A rotating biological contactor (RBC) was also tested for comparison. Oxygen consumption rates were measured along with the ammonia removal efficiencies. The ammonia concentrations in the system were maintained from 0.052 to 0.904 mg/l (mean 0.338$\pm$0.219 mg/l) and the water temperature was ranged from 19.2 to $21.4^{\circ}C\;(mean 20.2^{\circ}C\pm0.58^{\circ}C$). The 1/2-order kinetic model (Y:g/$m^3$/day) and the mean ammonia removal rates (g/$m^3$/day) of the filter media were : Sand : Y=135.5X0.5-25.1(r2=0.8110), 45.1 Coral sand : Y=125.1X0.5-33.0 (r2=0.7307), 31.8 Polyethylene net : Y=87.4X0.5-20.1 (r2=0.6780), 25.2 Corrugated plastic plate : Y=87.4X0.5-20.1(r2=0.5206), 19.2 Gravel : Y=4307X0.5-5.5 (r2=0.2596), 17.1 RBC : Y=127.6X0.5-33.4 (r2=0.7146), 32.8 where X is the concentration of ammonia. Oxygen consumption rates well corresponded to the ammonia removal capacities of each filter medium, thus the sands showing the highest value (442g/$m^3$/day) followed by coral sands (291.1g/$m^3$/day), polyethylene nets (236.9g/$m^3$/day), gravels (135.6g/$m^3$/day) and corrugated plastic plates (134.2g/$m^3$/day). Oxygen consumption rate of the RBC was unable to measure because of the characteristics of the structure.