• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

현재 턴키 대안입찰공사에서의 도급내역서 단가가 적정하게 책정되지 않고 있다. 그 사유는 각 입찰제도의 성격 및 그에 따른 단가책정 프로세스가 다르기 때문이며, 이러한 사유로 인하여 턴키 입찰에서는 총액을 맞추기 위한 단가가, 그리고 내역 입찰에서는 저가심의제를 통과하기 위한 단가가 도급내역서에 사용되고 있으면 그 단가는 각 공종별 적정단가라 할 수 없다. 그러나, 도급계약후에는 이러한 단가들이 각 입찰제도의 성격 및 그에 따른 단가책정 프로세스의 고려없이, 모두 도급기성, 설계변경, 물가변동 등 법적 기준단가로 사용되고 있으며, 또한, 저가하도급 판정 기준 및 실적공사단가로도 사용되고 있어 다른 제도에까지 영향을 주고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 시스템은 검증되지 않은 단가를 책정한 입찰자와 발주자에게 모두 리스크 상승요인으로 작용하고 있어, 본 연구에서 그 리스크인자를 규명하고 그 리스크의 정도를 파악하여 향후 그 리스크를 대비하고 관리할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

Maturity models allow organizations to assess and compare their own practices against best practices or those employed by competitors, with the intention to map out a structured path to improvement. This research explores the aspects of the Maturity Models that are relevant to distinguish them from one to another. The different Project Management maturity models for define maturity differently and measure different things to determine maturity. Because of this, organizations should give careful consideration to select appropriate maturity model. The main reason behind this research lies on the modification to the existing Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3) by adding four knowledge areas, dedicated to construction industry as best practices. These are Safety, Environment, Financial and Claim Management. This Model contains (Yes/No) questions; all of these questions must be answered before the user reviews the results that describe the overall maturity and areas of strength and weakness of an organization. The research presents the implementation of the proposed Model Construction Enterprises Maturity Model (CEM2). All the components of the developed Model have been implemented in Microsoft Access. CEM2 helps Construction Enterprises to assess their Maturity Level and know Areas of Weaknesses for future improvement. The easy to use Yes/No user interfaces help enterprises' employees to assess the maturity level of their enterprises. The Model maintains users' responses in its database; as such, many employees from different enterprise divisions can be involved during assessment phase in several sessions.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1045-1055
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• 2013

It is true that the dependency on import is currently high in case of the safety checkup system of domestic airplanes, and it is at the point of time that localization of HUMS for small airplanes is required. In this study, the design factors were selected for the lightweight of HUMS for small airplanes by using Pro-Engineer which is a design tool and Abaqus. 9 models were made through experiment plans with Taguchi method for this, and the each model for weight lightening was selected through vibration analysis and shock analysis while in operation with experiment profile values. After fabricating HUMS, it was verified that as a result of experiment with the same profile values as the analysis, there was similarity between the analyzed values and values of the experiment. As a result of performing weight lightening which is the purpose of the study, electronic performance for small airplanes is assured and a design plan reducing 15 % weight compared to the targeted weight was deduced. Besides, it could be verified that the light weight model satisfied the maximum allowable displacement value of PCB[printed circuit board] and accordingly satisfied electronic properties of HUMS. In this study, the reliability of a product was certified through the result of an experiment on ground. If the reliability of HUMS were verified through a test flight in the future, it is considered that it would make a big contribution to localization of aerospace electronic equipment.

• 한국GIS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국GIS학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 발표요약문
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• pp.21-25
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• 1999

Planning support systems(PSS) add more advanced spatial analysis functions than Geographic information systems(GIS) and intertemporal functions to the functions of spatial decision support systems(SDSS). This paper reports the continuing development of a PSS providing a framework that facilitates urban planners and civil engineers in conducting coherent deliberations about planning, design and operation & maintenance(O&M) of water-distribution networks for urban growth management. The PSS using dynamic optimization model, modeling-to-generate-alternatives, value engineering(VE) and life-cycle cost(LCC) can generate network alternatives in consideration of initial cost and O&H cost. Users can define alternatives by the direct manipulation of networks or by the manipulation of parameters in the models. The water-distribution network analysis model evaluates the performance of the user-defined alternatives. The PSS can be extended to include the functions of generating sewer network alternatives, combining water-distribution and sewer networks, eventually the function of planning, design and O&H of housing sites. Capacity expansion by the dynamic water-distribution network optimization model using MINLP includes three advantages over capacity expansion using optimal control theory(Kim and Hopkins 1996): 1) finds expansion alternatives including future capacity expansion times, sizes, locations, and pipe types of a water-distribution network provided, 2) has the capabilities to do the capacity expansion of each link spatially and intertemporally, and 3) requires less interaction between models. The modeling using MINLP is limited in addressing the relationship between cost, price, and demand, which the optimal control approach can consider. Strictly speaking, the construction and O&M costs of water-distribution networks influence the price charged for the served water, which in turn influence the. This limitation can be justified in rather small area because price per unit water in the area must be same as that of neighboring area, i.e., the price is determined administratively. Planners and engineers can put emphasis on capacity expansion without consideration of the relationship between cost, price, and demand.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1996

This survey was conducted to investigate the situation of three types of laying hen houses and farmers' awareness of farm automation. Six windowless, three high-rising windowless and four open-sided laying hen houses were surveyed to compare their characteristics, and sixty farmers answered questionnaires. 1. Population density of laying hen was 13.9 birds/m^2$ in open-sided, 28.9 birds/m^2$ in high-rising windowless, and 44.9 birds/m^2$ in windowless laying hen houses. 2. Feeder space was $12{\sim}13.5cm$ in open-sided laying hen houses, but feeder space of windowless and high-rising hen houses was narrower than that of open-sided laying hen houses. 3. Thermal resistance values were $14.6{\sim}18.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in wall, #22.0{\sim}23.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in roof of windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses but the wall of open-sided laying hen houses was only $1.9\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$. 4. Maximum ventilation capacity was 0.161{\sim}0.326$ cmm/bird in summer. Minimum rate of tunnel Ventilation laying hen houses in winter was $0.013{\sim}0.040$ cmm/bird, but minimum rate of crossflow and high-rising windowless laying hen houses was larger than that of tunnel ventilation houses. 5. One person managed about 8,100 birds in open-sided, and about 23,500 birds in windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses. 7. 90.7% of farmers responsed that they want to construct automatized laying hen houses in the future.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

In this paper, the operation principle of a bi-directional switch type resonant AC link snubber circuit was described, together with the practical design procedure, which employs in the proposed power module bridge package type resonant AC link snubber. The novel prototype of power module bridge package type resonant AC link snubber-assisted voltage type sinewave soft switching PWM inverter using IGBT power module was demonstrated herein. It was verified that both the auxiliary power switches in this resonant AC link snubber circuit and the main power switches commutate under the condition of soft switching commutation principle. In addition, the power losses of the new soft switching inverter treated here were analyzed by implementing the experimental data of the IGBT and diode v-i characteristics in addition to switching power loss characteristics into our original computer simulation software developed by the authors. Then, the voltage type sinewave soft switching PWM inverter was high efficiency than that of hard switching PWM inverter, along with performance operation waveforms. In the future, the comparative feasibility study of power module bridge type resonant AC link snubber and its related soft switching inverter in addition to the other types resonant snubber assisted soft switching inverter should be done from a practical point of view.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5D호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2011

매 5년마다 시행되는 수도권가구통행실태조사결과에 대한 연구보고서가 발간되고 있지만, 아쉽게도 조사된 가구의 여러 속성들이 가구통행발생에 미치는 영향이 보다 면밀히 분석되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 가구 속성들이 통행발생에 미치는 영향을 비교, 분석하여 그 시사점을 제시하였다. 분석 결과는 향후 통행발생모형 등의 구축 시 중요한 기초가 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다. 먼저, 가구의 통행발생 추정 시 가구원수는 중요한 분류 기준으로 고려되어야 한다. 왜냐하면, 가구원수에 따라 승용차보유대수, 소득 등 가구속성들이 통행발생에 미치는 영향이 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었기 때문이다. 주중 통행실태 자료로는 충분하지는 않지만, 주택의 종류가 통행발생에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 1인 가구의 경우 가구소득과 통행횟수는 관련이 없는 것으로 나타난 반면, 2인 이상 가구의 경우는 관련이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 통행을 목적별로 더 세분화하였을 경우 가구원수에 따라 가구소득이 각 목적통행에 미치는 영향이 매우 다양함을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 향후 통행발생특성에 상대적으로 많은 차이를 보이는 1인 가구의 증가는 통행발생예측 시 간과될 수 없는 요인으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.767-777
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• 2014

Characterizing local chicken types and their mostly rural production systems is prerequisite for designing and implementing development and conservation programs. This study evaluated the management practices of small-scale chicken keepers and the phenotypic and production traits of their chickens in Oman, where conservation programs for local livestock breeds have currently started. Free-range scavenging was the dominant production system, and logistic regression analysis showed that socio-economic factors such as training in poultry keeping, household income, income from farming and gender of chicken owners influenced feeding, housing, and health care practices (p<0.05). A large variation in plumage and shank colors, comb types and other phenotypic traits within and between Omani chicken populations were observed. Male and female body weight differed (p<0.05), being $1.3{\pm}0.65$ kg and $1.1{\pm}0.86$ kg respectively. Flock size averaged $22{\pm}7.7$ birds per household with 4.8 hens per cock. Clutch size was $12.3{\pm}2.85$ and annual production $64.5{\pm}2.85$ eggs per hen. Egg hatchability averaged $88{\pm}6.0%$ and annual chicken mortality across all age and sex categories was $16{\pm}1.4%$. The strong involvement of women in chicken keeping makes them key stakeholders in future development and conservation programs, but the latter should be preceded by a comprehensive study of the genetic diversity of the Omani chicken populations.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2013

Advancement toward aging society has presented the importance of house planning in consideration of the elderly, increasing the necessity of such planning. Therefore the importance of indoor design guideline for elderly houses has been stressed and the understanding of the aging in regard to this trend will create more mature spaces. In line with this trend the purpose of this study is to study the medical factors related with bathroom interior design guidelines of the existing elderly houses from the viewpoint of deteriorating physical functions due to aging process. In order to research the deterioration of physical functions due to aging literatures of medical and exercise physiology were used and concerning the existing bathroom design guidelines for the aged people, the guideline items of behavior facilitation, physiological maintenance and perceptual maintenance aspects out of Murtha & Lee's user benefit criteria(1976) related with physical functions were selected to research in relation with the knowledge about the deterioration phenomena of physical functions. Physical aging and deterioration aspects were classified from the viewpoint of musculoskeletal disorder, cardiovascular disorder, respiratory disorder, gastronomy disorder, urology disorder, somatosensory disorder, endocrine disorder, immune disorder, nervous disorder and skin diseases and these were utilized in interpreting total 100 items of bathroom design guideline. Because bathroom is the space where many physical movements are done, it had the closest relationship with the deterioration of musculoskeletal health in general and as bathroom is the space where people use water and feel the difference in temperature and moisture more than other spaces, deterioration of skin and somatosensory health had the next closest relationship. The result of this study revealed that regarding the deterioration of physical functions of the elderly people in aspect of their perceptibility as designers will design creatively and sincerely based on its relationship with nervous system in future, the result of this study will be used to develop better spatial designs efficiently to meet for the aging society.