• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2020

this paper, a data modeling method based on decision-making conditions is proposed for making combat and battlefield management systems to be intelligent, which are also a decision-making support system. A picture of a robot seeing and perceiving like humans and arriving a point it wanted can be understood and be felt in body. However, we can't find an example of implementing a decision-making which is the most important element in human cognitive action. Although the agent arrives at a designated office instead of human, it doesn't support a decision of whether raising the market price is appropriate or doing a counter-attack is smart. After we reviewed a current situation and problem in control & command of military, in order to collect a big data for making a machine staff's advice to be possible, we propose a data modeling prototype based on decision-making conditions as a method to change a current control & command system. In addition, a decision-making tree method is applied as an example of the decision making that the reformed control & command system equipped with the proposed data modeling will do. This paper can contribute in giving us an insight of how a future AI decision-making staff approaches to us.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2001

본 논문은 ATM(Abstract Timed Machine)으로 명세된 실시간 시스템을 검증하기 위한 방법을 기술한다. ATM은 임무 위급 시스템인 실시간 시스템을 명세, 분석, 검증하기 위한 정형기법이다. ATM은 모드와 전이, 포트로 구성되어 있으며 모드는 머신의 압축된 상태를 표현한다. 전이는 하나의 모드에서 다른 모드로의 전환을 나타내며 조건과 이벤트로 구성되어 있다. 포트는 ATM간의 상호작용을 위한 진입을 표현한다. 다른 정형기법과 비교하여 ATM은 소프트웨어의 순환공학 과정에서 사용하기 위해 설계되었다. 역공학 측면에서 볼 때 ATM은 계산 논리뿐만 아니라 실시간 시스템의 실제 소스코드에 있는 설계나 환경정보를 표현할 수 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 ATM의 모드는 계산모드, 추상화 모드, 주제모드로 구분된다. 계산 모드는 코드 상에서의 논리와 계산을 나타내며 추상화 모드는 모드와 전이의 블록을 하나의 ATM으로써 표현한다. 대개의 경우, 이것은 코드 상에서의 블록을 ATM내 하나의 모드로 나타낼 때 사용한다. 주제 모드는 예외나 주기적 동작 등과 같은 다수의 ATM의 주제를 표현한다. 실시간 시스템을 검증하기 위해 시스템의 소스 코드는 역명세 과정을 통하여 ATM으로 표현된다. 검증은 ATM에 대한 도달성 그래프를 생성하는 것에 의해 수행된다. 도달성 그래프는 상태와 시간을 추상화되고 압축된 형태로 표현할 수 있으며 그 결과 시간 속성을 지닌 상태 공간을 감소시킬 수 있다. 또한 시스템의 교착상태를 쉽게 발견할 수 있다. 본 논문은 ATM과 실행 모델, 도달성 그래프, 검증을 위한 속성 등을 기술하며 이들을 다른 정형 방법들과 예제를 통하여 비교한다.수 있다. 모피우스는 헤더나 광고와 같은 불필요한 정보들을 제거하는 별도의 단계를 거치지 않으므로 wrapper를 빠르게 생성한다. 궁극적으로 모피우스는 새로운 웹 상점을 사용자가 자유롭게 추가, 삭제할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다.X>와 반응시킬 경우에는 반응식 c에 의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.이 거의 산화되지 않았고, $700^{\circ}C$에서도 ZnS와 ZnO 상이 공존한 것으로 보아 SnO$_2$코팅이 ZnS의 산화를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.pplied not only to the strike system in the RSC circle, but also to the logistics system in the SLC circle. Thus, the RSLC model can maximize combat synergy effects by integrating the RSC and the SLC. With a similar logic, this paper develops "A Revised System of Systems with Logistics (RSSL)" which combines "A New system of Systems" and logistics. These tow models proposed here help explain several issues such as logistics environment in future warfare, MOE(Measure of Effectiveness( on logistics performance, and COA(Course of Actions)

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

The Army, Navy, and Air Force are making various efforts to develop a weapon system that incorporates the 4th industrial revolution technology so that it can be used in multi-domain operations. In order to effectively demonstrate the integrated combat power through the weapon system to which the new technology is applied, it is necessary to establish a network environment in which each weapon system can transmit and receive information smoothly. For this, it is essential to analyze the Information Exchange Requirement(IER) of each weapon system, but many IER analysis studies did not sufficiently reflect the various considerations of the actual tactical network. Therefore, this study closely analyzes the research methods and results of the existing information exchange requirements analysis studies. In IER analysis, the size of the message itself, the size of the network protocol header, the transmission/reception structure of the tactical network, the information distribution process, and the message occurrence frequency. In order to be able to use it for future IER prediction, we present a technique for calculating the information exchange requirement as a probability distribution using the Poisson distribution and the probability generating function. In order to prove the validity of this technique, the results of the probability distribution calculation using the message list and network topology samples are compared with the simulation results using Network Simulator 2.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.215-240
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• 2020

In 2017, the U.S. DARPA coined 'mosaic warfare' as a new way of warfighting. According to the Timothy Grayson, director of DARPA's Strategic Technologies Office, mosaic warfare is a "system of system" approach to warfghting designed around compatible "tiles" of capabilities, rather than uniquely shaped "puzzle pieces" that must be fitted into a specific slot in a battle plan in order for it to work. Prior to cover mosaic warfare theory and recent development, it deals analyze its background and several premises for better understanding. The U.S. DoD officials might acknowledge the current its forces vulnerability to the China's A2/AD assets. Furthermore, the U.S. seeks to complete military superiority even in other nation's territorial domains including sea and air. Given its rapid combat restoration capability and less manpower casualty, the U.S. would be able to ready to endure war of attrition that requires massive resources. The core concept of mosaic warfare is a "decision centric warfare". To embody this idea, it create adaptability for U.S. forces and complexity or uncertainty for the enemy through the rapid composition and recomposition of a more disag g reg ated U.S. military force using human command and machine control. This allows providing more options to friendly forces and collapse adversary's OODA loop eventually. Adaptable kill web, composable force packages, A.I., and context-centric C3 architecture are crucial elements to implement and carry out mosaic warfare. Recently, CSBA showed an compelling assessment of mosaic warfare simulation. In this wargame, there was a significant differences between traditional and mosaic teams. Mosaic team was able to mount more simultaneous actions, creating additional complexity to adversaries and overwhelming their decision-making with less friendly force's human casualty. It increase the speed of the U.S. force's decision-making, enabling commanders to better employ tempo. Consequently, this article finds out and suggests implications for Korea armed forces. First of all, it needs to examine and develop 'mosaic warfare' in terms of our security circumstance. In response to future warfare, reviewing overall force structure and architecture is required which is able to compose force element regardless domain. In regards to insufficient defense resources and budget, "choice" and "concentration" are also essential. It needs to have eyes on the neighboring countries' development of future war concept carefully.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2001

본 연구는 균질 및 2개층 비균질지반에서 사질토지반 상에 놓인 정방형 기초의 극한지지력과 침하에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 얕은기초의 거동에 대한 정방형 기초의 크기, 지반 상대밀도, 기초 폭에 대한 상부층의 두께 비(H/B), 상부층 아래 경계면의 경사($\theta$) 그리고 지반강성비의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 모형실험을 수행하였다. 동일 상대밀도에서 지지력 계수($N_{{\gamma}}$)는 일정하지 않으며 기초 폭에 직접적으로 관련되며 지지력계수는 기초 폭이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 기초크기의 영향과 구속압력의 영향을 고려하는 Ueno 방법에 의한 극한지지력의 예측값은 고전적인 지지력 산정식보다 더 잘 일치하며 그 값은 실험값의 65% 이상으로 나타났다. $\theta$=$0^{\circ}$인 2개층 지반의 결과에 근거하여, 극한지지력에 대한 하부층 지반의 영향을 무시할 수 있는 한계 상부층 두께는 기초 폭의 2배로 결정되었다. 그러나, 73%의 상부층 상대밀도인 경우는 침하비($\delta$B) 0.05 이하에서만 이 결과가 유효하였다. 경계면이 경사진 2개층 지반의 결과에 근거하여, 상부층의 상대밀도가 느슨할수록 그리고 상부층의 두께가 클수록 극한지지력에 대한 경계면 경사의 영향은 크지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 경계면의 경사가 증가함에 따른 극한침하량의 변화는 경계면이 수평인 경우($\theta$=$0^{\circ}$)를 기준으로 0.82~1.2(상부층 $D_{r}$=73%인 경우) 그리고 0.9~1.07(상부층 $D_{r}$=50%인 경우) 정도로 나타났다.Markup Language 문서로부터 무선 마크업 언어 문서로 자동 변환된 텍스트를 인코딩하는 경우와 같이 특정한 응용 분야에서는 일반 문자열에 대한 확장 인코딩 기법을 적용할 필요가 있을 수 있다.mical etch-stop method for the etching of Si in TMAH:IPA;pyrazine solutions provides a powerful and versatile alternative process for fabricating high-yield Si micro-membranes. the RSC circle, but also to the logistics system in the SLC circle. Thus, the RSLC model can maximize combat synergy effects by integrating the RSC and the SLC. With a similar logic, this paper develops "A Revised System of Systems with Logistics (RSSL)" which combines "A New system of Systems" and logistics. These tow models proposed here help explain several issues such as logistics environment in future warfare, MOE(Measure of Effectiveness( on logistics performance, and COA(Course of Actions) for decreasing mass and increasing velocity. In particular, velocity in logistics is emphasized.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2018

Today's unmanned technology, which is being used in various industries, is expected to be able to make autonomous judgements as autonomous technology matures, in the long run aspects. In order to improve the usability of unmanned system in the military field, it is necessary to develop a technique for systematically and quantitatively analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of the unmanned system by means of a substitute for the tasks performed by humans. In this paper, we propose the method of representing rule-based tactical behavior and modeling manned and unmanned reconnaissance agents that can effectively analyze the path alternatives which is required for the future armored cavalry to establish a reconnaissance mission plan. First, we model the unmanned ground vehicle, small tactical vehicle, and combatant as an agent concept. Next, we implement the proposed agent behavior rules, e.g., maneuver, detection, route determination, and combatant's dismount point selection, by NetLogo. Considering the conditions of maneuver, enemy threat elements, reconnaissance assets, appropriate routes are automatically selected on the operation area. It is expected that it will be useful in analyzing unmanned ground system effects by calculating reconnaissance conducted area, time, and combat contribution ratio on the route.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.638-647
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• 2018

We have to prepare for the existing threats from North Korea and potential threats in the future. It is important to utilize our resources as effectively as possible to build military power that brings victory in a war. Based on a sustainable required operational capability, weapons systems at the acquisition stage need to maintain a combat-readiness posture and ensure operational sustainability. To achieve this, establishment of procedures that develop elements of depot maintenance at the beginning, which enables economical and effective depot maintenance during that stage, is essential. First, the requirement paper needs to develop the concept of the depot maintenance requirement through the pre-study outlined by this paper. Second, at the system development stage, a Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft should be proposed. This is the initial paper that can develop the elements of depot maintenance, and it should be verified by a field test. Third, each force's logistics command should write a Depot Maintenance Direction draft and a Mid-term Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft with the proven Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft. Also, the verified paper needs to be realized and renewed by the time the Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft is completed. In conclusion, the procedures explained above will contribute to build an economical and effective military power in a reality faced with a resource shortage and threats from the enemy.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

It must be possible to assess how combat actions taking place in cyberspace affect the military's major mission systems and weapon systems. In order to analyze the mission impact caused by a cyber attack through cyber M&S, the target mission system and cyber warfare elements must be built as a model and a scenario for simulation must be authored. Many studies related to mission impact analysis due to cyber warfare have been conducted focusing on the United States, and existing studies have authored separate scenarios for physical battlefields and cyber battlefields. It is necessary to build a simulation environment that combines a physical battlefield model and a cyber battlefield model, and be able to integrate and author mission scenarios and cyber attack/defense scenarios. In addition, the physical battlefield and cyber battlefield are different work areas, so authoring two types of scenarios for simulation is very complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a method of using mission system information to prepare the data needed for scenario authoring in advance and using the pre-worked data to author an integrated scenario. The proposed method is being developed by reflecting it in the design of the scenario authoring tool, and an integrated scenario authoring in the field of counter-fire warfare is being performed to prove the proposed method. In the future, by using a scenario authoring tool that reflects the proposed method, it will be possible to easily author an integrated scenario for mission impact analysis in a short period of time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.502-507
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• 2016

The transition from a carbon economy based on fossil fuels to a hydrogen economy is necessary to ensure energy security and to combat climate change. In order to pursue the transition to a hydrogen economy while achieving sustainable economic growth, a preliminary study into the establishment of the necessary infrastructure for the future hydrogen economy needs to be carried out. This study addresses the economic and environmental interactions in a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model focusing on the economic effects of the introduction of renewable energy into the Korean energy system. Firstly, the introduction of hydrogen results in an increase in the investment in hydrogen production and the reduction of the production cost, ultimately leading to GDP growth. Secondly, the mandatory introduction of renewable energy and associated government subsidies bring about a reduction in total demand. Additionally, the mandatory introduction of hydrogen energy into the power sector helps to reduce CO2 emissions through the transition from a carbon economy-based on fossil energy to a hydrogen economy. This means that hydrogen energy needs to come from non-fossil fuel sources in order for greenhouse gases to be effectively reduced. Therefore, it seems necessary for policy support to be strengthened substantially and for additional studies to be conducted into the production of hydrogen energy from renewable sources.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2022

Gender neutral draft is the system that the level of manpower which military demands right now can be kept and the concept of gender equality can enlarge itself. This thesis draws implications on the necessity of optional review of draft and the amelioration of military organizational culture for the military through the example of Norway that has adopted gender neutral draft initially in Europe. The Military that is characterized by traditionally male led domain accelerates itself the openness to female by the aggrandizement of social participation and the improvement of human right for female. The various concerns about a necessary facilities, the period ofmilitary service, the level of salary, the keeping of combat power, etc just should be overcome in order to enlarge conscription to female in Korea. Situations such as the environment of national security, the level of social participation to female, the treatment to minority are different, so it is difficult for us to draw any conclusion whether the adoption of sex neutral conscription is right or not. Nonetheless, the national strategy that prepares for future may not be concluded easily and we can not stop it even though it is discomfortable truth. In Conclusion, we anticipate that the sound discourse on measures of including female in draft will be continued from the start with this thesis.