• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.174-179
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• 1986

Augmentin is a formulation of amoxycillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate, a fused beta-lactam molecule produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Most clinically important resistance is due to the production by bacteria of antibiotic destroying enzymes. In the case of penicillins and cephalosporins these enzymes are termed beta-lactamase as they destroy the beta-lectern ring of these antibiotics, completely inactivating them. The presence of clavulanic acid extends the spectrum of amoxycillin to include bet On clinical study of the intravenous Augmentin in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgical cases, we selected randomly 30 patients, 21 male and 9 female, age from 13 to 72, in the period from April to December 1985. Among the total 30 patients, 22 were preoperatively infected [11 thoracic empyema, 5 lobar pneumonia, 2 lung abscess, 2 bronchiectasis, one acute pyelonephritis with ureter stone and one rheumatic carditis], and 8 were not infected preoperatively [Table 1, 2]. Of the preoperatively infected group, 11 cases [50%] were culture positive [4 staphylococcus, 3 pseudomonas, 2 Serratia group, and one E. coli], and preoperatively non-infected group [8 cases] revealed expectedly negative findings on bacterial culture. All of the culture positive bacteria were sensitive to Augmentin on disc culture sensitivity test except one case of E. coli. Daily doses of intravenous Augmentin were 2.-1-6.0gm divided in 2-5 injections. Every injection administered [1.2gm at Augmentin dissolved in 20ml distilled water] slowly for more than 20 minutes. Duration of injection was variable according to the clinical conditions from minimum 5 to maximum 31 days. The results of antibiotic treatment with Augmentin and some other antibiotic combinations pre- and postoperatively were subgrouped as EXCELLENT, EFFECTIVE, and FAILURE. Clinical criteria of the therapeutic result were symptomatic, objective and laboratory improvement. 8 cases were excellent, 13 effective, and one failure among the preoperatively infected group, and all 8 cases of the preoperatively non-infected group were effective as pro;hylactive antibiotic therapy. Overall effective ratio was 97% in both subgroup. There was no side effect clinically and laboratory study including liver and kidney function test during and after the I.V. administration of Augmentin. Oral swallow tablets which were administered after discharge from hospital also revealed good effects with some degree of gastrointestinal trouble.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2000

현재 급격히발전하는 이동통신기술로 미루어 보아 앞으로는 모든 정보통신이 무선통신으로 이루어질 것이다. 그런데 무선통신은 이동성과 대용량의 정보전송에 초점을 맞추어 발전하고 있다. 많은 정보량을 전달하기 위해서 현재 사용되는 주파수 대역보다 고주파의 전파가 사용되어야 한다. 또한 이동성을 향상시키기 위해서는 통신기기의 소형화를 이루어야 하고 그러기 위해서 궁극적으로 모든 소자를 하나의 칩(chip)으로 집적화하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 벌크상태로 사용되고 있는 유전체 공진기를 소형화, 즉 박막화해야만 한다. 결국 유전체 박막의 마이크로파 대역에서의 유전특성을 연구하고 그 특성을 향상시켜야만 한다. 통신기기에서 사용되는 유전체 공진기는 소형화를 위해 높은 유전율과 낮은 유전손실(tan$\delta$), 즉 높은 품질계수 (Q)를 가져야 한다. 마이크로파 대역에서 사용되고 있는 유전체 중에서 TiO2는 벌크 상태의 rutile 상에서 100정도의 높은 유전율과, 4 GHz에서 10,000 정도의 높은 품질계수를 나타낸다고 보고되어 있다. 따라서 본 연궁서는 TiO2 박막의 마이크로파 유전특성을 연구하였고 anatase 박막의 유전특성도 측정하였다. TiO2 박막을 RF magnetron reactive sputtering 방법으로 Ar (15 sccm)과 O2 (1.5 sccm) 기체를 사용하여 상온에서 증착하였다. 4mTorr의 증착압력에서 안정한 rutile 박막을 얻었고, 15 mTorrdo서 준안정한 anatase 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 그 중간의 압력에서 두 상이 혼합된 박막이 증착되었다. 위와 같은 방법으로 형성한 TiO2 박막의 마이크로파 유전특성을 측정하기 위해 마이크로스트립 링공진기 (microstrip ring resonator)를 제작하였다. 마이크로스트립 링 공진기는 링의 원주길이가 전자기파 파장길이의 정수배가 되면 공진이 일어나는 구조이다. Fused quartz를 기판으로 하여 증착압력을 변수로 하여 TiO2 박막을 증착하였다. 그리고 그 위에 은 (silver)을 사용하여 링 패턴을 형성하였다. 이와 같이 공진기를 제작하여 network analyzer (HP 8510C)로 마이크로파 대역에서의 공진특서을 측정하였다. 공진특성으로부터 전체 품질계수와 유효유전율, 그리고 TiO2 박막의 품질계수를 얻어내었다. 측정결과 rutile에서 anatase로 박막의 상이 변할수록 유전율은 감소하고 유전손실은 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2010

Ethyl 1-aminotetrazole-5-carboxylate (1) reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the corresponding aminohydrazide 2. Cyclization of 2 by carbon disulfide yielded 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol structure 3. Reaction of 3 with either chloroacetone or ethyl chloroacetate furnished S-acyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 4 and 5, respectively. Also compound 3 reacted with hydrazine hydrate afforded 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol derivative 6. 6-Methyl-1,3,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole structure 7 was synthesized by reaction of aminothiol 6 with glacial acetic acid. Diazotization of 1 with sodium nitrite in presence of hydrochloric acid yielding the diazonium salt which on treating with hippuric acid, oxazolone derivative 8 was obtained. Furthermore, tetrazolo[5,1-f]-1,2,4-triazine 9 was constructed via cyclization of aminoester 1 with formamide. Compound 9 reacted with carbon disulfide to furnish 8-thione derivative 10 which reacting with chloroacetone, ethyl chloroacetate, and hydrazine hydrate, the corresponding chemical structures 11, 12, and 13 were synthesized. 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-d]tetrazolo[5,1-f]-1,2,4-triazines 14 and 15 were resulted by treating of compound 13 with triethyl orthoformate, and glacial acetic acid, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized products were elucidated according to elemental analyses and spectroscopic evidences. Some of the representative members of the prepared compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

PET(Positron Emission Tomography) devices are used as PET/CT or PET/MRI devices fused with the devices of CT or MRI for obtaining anatomical information. Therefore, the devices are constructed in circular ring-type structure whose length of gantry(the main part of filming) becomes wider and the interior depth becomes longer in comparison to other common medical equipments. scintillator, one of the components in PET devices, is inside the gantry, and as it is consisted of crystal which is sensitive to the change of temperature and humidity, large temperature change can cause the scintillator to be damaged. Though scintillator located inside the gantry maintains temperature and humidity with a thermo-hygrostat, changes in temperature and humidity are expected due to structural reasons. The output value was measured by dividing the inside of the gantry of the PET/CT device into six zones, each of which an Adafruit BME 280 temperature and humidity sensor was placed at. A thermo-hygrostat keeps the temperature and humidity constant in the PET/CT room. As the measured value of temperature and humidity of the sensor was obtained, the measured value of temperature and humidity appeared in the thermohygrostat was taken at the same time. Comparing the average measured values of temperature and humidity measured at each six zones with the average values of the thermo-hygrostat results in a difference of 2.71℃ in temperature and 21.5% in humidity. The measured temperature and humidity of PET Gantry is out of domestic quality control range. According to the results of the study, if there is continuous change in temperature and humidity in the future, the aging of the scintillator mounted in the PET Gantry is expected to be aging, so it is necessary to find a way to properly maintain the temperature and humidity inside the Gantry structure.