• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2020

A 6-year-old Thoroughbred mare presented to the Korea Racing Authority Equine Hospital with dropping of the left front fetlock due to an injury sustained while racing. Radiographic examination revealed a comminuted fracture of both proximal sesamoid bones of the affected fetlock. Arthrodesis of the fetlock joint using a broad dynamic compression plate with a tension band wire was performed as a salvage procedure for the future use as a broodmare. After surgery, however, a delayed union of the bones and surgical site infection was present for a prolonged period. Staphylococcus aureus was persistently identified from the surgical site, and antimicrobial therapies were based on antibiotic sensitivity tests, including regional perfusions. The removal and replacement of surgical implants associated with seropurulent discharge was based on coordinating the development of fetlock ankylosis and infection control over 13 months. Firstly, seven screws associated with surgical drainage were replaced and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and local antibiotics were placed into the surgical site to accelerate bone fusion at postoperative month 7. Further six screws, along with drainage, were removed at postoperative month 10. The plate and screws were removed from the limb due to the progression of bone fusion at postoperative month 13; BMP-2 and local antibiotics were also used. Delayed healing of arthrodesis due to surgical site infection and implant instability were treated by implant removals and antibiotic therapies, and the horse eventually showed improved weight-bearing ability of the affected limb.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.253-267
• /
• 2016

The stability of surrounding rock will be poor when the tunnel is excavated through nearly horizontal stratum. In this paper, the instability mechanism of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel is revealed by the analysis of the macro failure and micro fracture. A structural model is proposed to explain the mechanics of surrounding rock collapse under the action of stress redistribution and shed light on the macroscopic analytical approach of the stability of surrounding rock. Then, some highly effective formulas applied in the tunnel engineering are developed according to the theory of mixed-mode micro fracture. And well-documented field case is made to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed analytical methods of mixed-mode fracture. Meanwhile, in order to make the more accurate judgment about yield failure of rock mass, a series of comprehensive failure criteria are formed. In addition, the relationship between the nonlinear failure criterion and $K_I$ and $K_{II}$ of micro fracture is established to make the surrounding rock failure criterion more comprehensive and accurate. Further, the influence of the parameters related to the tension-shear mixed-mode fracture and compression-shear mixed-mode fracture on the propagation of rock crack is analyzed. Results show that ${\sigma}_3$ changes linearly with the change of ${\sigma}_1$. And the change rate is related to ${\beta}$, angle between the cracks and ${\sigma}_1$. The proposed simple analytical approach is economical and efficient, and suitable for the analysis of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.626-639
• /
• 2003

Statement of problem : Recently, in attempts to reinforce the acrylic resin and to reduce the polymerization shrinkage, it has been reported that adding vinyloligo-silsesquioxane (vinyl-POSS) to PMMA significantly compensates for polymerization shrinkage and somewhat increases the fracture resistance. Purpose : There haven't been any studies on abrasion that can affect the adaptation of the denture in long-term use. In this study abrasion resistance was compared between acrylic resin with vinyl-POSS and commercialized acrylic resin for denture base. In addition, the difference in abrasion resistance according to molding methods was compared. Material and method : Using PaladentR 20 including vinyl-POSS. PaladentR 20, Lucitone 199R, SR IvocapR, denture bases were fabricated using compression molding technique and continuous-pressure injection technique. Surface hardness and abrasion were measured for each group, and the worn surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Results : 1. When surface hardness was measured for each material and molding technique, there was no statistically significant difference among the materials. (p<0.05) 2. When same denture base material and molding technique were used, the abrasion due to toothpaste solution was 5 times as severe as the abrasion due to soap solution. 3, When toothpaste solution was used, the abrasion decreased in the order of PaladentR20, PaladentR 20 including vinyl-POSS, SR IvocapR, and Lucitone 199R. However statistically significant difference was seen only among PaladentR 20, SR IvocapR, and Lucitone 199R. (p<0.05). 4. When soap solution was used, the abrasion was more severe in PaladentR 20 and including vinyl-POSS PaladentR 20 groups than in SR IvocapR and Lucitone 199R groups. (p<0.05). Conclusion : Addition of vinyl-POSS doesn't improve the abrasion resistance, and the abrasion resistance was similar to those of existing materials. Additional studies under different conditions are needed. For clinical application of vinyl-POSS, further investigations with different requirements and conditions are necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.79 no.4
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2016

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder with several clinical presentations. This study was undertaken in the Azeri Turkish population in Iran, to investigate gender differences in the age at onset and diagnosis, age of death, and duration of illness of CF. Methods: The data of 331 CF patients from 2001 to 2015 was surveyed. Parameters including age, sex, ${\Delta}F508$ mutation, age at onset, age at diagnosis, age of death and clinical presentations were evaluated for both sexes, using descriptive analysis. The association of gender with these variables was studied using logistic regression, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test by SPSS version 18. Odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and $p{\leq}0.05$ was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 191 males (57.7%) and 140 females (42.3%), all showing statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Age duration differed between genders. Male and female patients were further under 9 and 4 years, respectively. The occurrence of ${\Delta}F508$ mutation was 0.51 times more in females than in males. Age, diagnosis and sex were closely associated: males were diagnosed at a significantly later age than females (p=0.05). While this compression performed based on clinical presentations, males with respiratory disease had a later median age at diagnosis than females at lifespan (p=0.001). The risk of infertility in males was approximately two times greater than in females (p=0.02). Conclusion: These findings indicate gender differences in CF patients. Future studies are needed to establish other differences and evaluate the causes for the gender variations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2003

For the simultaneous removal of $SO_2$/NOx from an iron-ore sintering plant, industrial plasma experiments have been conducted with a flue gas flow rate of $5,000Nm^3/hr$. The maximum 40kW power using the magnetic pulse compression (MPC) system generates a peak value of 100-150kV pulse voltage with its risetime of 200nsec and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 500nsec, and with a frequency <300Hz. The plasma reactor module adopts a wire-plate structure with a gap of 200-400mm ID between plates. Initial concentrations of $SO_2$ and NOx were around 100-150ppm, respectively in the presence of 15% $O_2$ and <10% $H_2O$. Various reaction parameters such as specific energy ($Whr/Nm^3$), $NH_3$ injection with corona discharge, flow rate and injection of hydrocarbons were investigated for $SO_2$/NOx removal characteristics. About 90/65% of $SO_2$/NOx were simultaneously removed with a specific energy of $3.0Whr/Nm^3$ when both $NH_3$ and hydrocarbons were injected. Practical implications that the pilot-scale plasma results provide are further discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the effects of an elastic band resistance exercise program on the body functions and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-seven elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study (exercise group 14, control group 13). The subjects in the exercise group participated in the program for 60 minutes a day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. All the subject's body functions, HbA1c were measured to compare the following: before the intervention, at the completion of the 12 weeks intervention, and eight weeks after the intervention. Results: Compared to the control group, the exercise group showed significant improvements in the 12 week and follow-up measurement after the intervention in body function, such as the strength of the upper and lower limbs, agility and limit of stability. The body functions of the exercise group improved as the period of intervention progressed. On the other hand, the HbA1c level at each follow-up measurement was similar in the two groups. Conclusion: The 12 week elastic band exercise program is recommended as an effective intervention for improving the body functions of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, a combined intervention of steady exercise, diet therapy and drug therapy will be needed for further active prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1619-1619
• /
• 2001

Ourwork aims to assess the content of dry matter, protein, cell wall parameters and water soluble carbohydrates in forages without having to handle samples, transport them to a laboratory, dry, grind and chemically analyze them. for this purpose, the concept of fresh forage analysis under field conditions by means of compact integrated NIRS InGaAs-diode array instruments on small plot harvesters is being evaluated for plant breeding trials. This work was performed with the world first commercial experimental forage plot harvester equipped with a NIRS module for the collection, compression, and scanning of forage samples (including automatic referencing and dark current measure ments). It was used for harvesting and analyzing a number of typical forage grass and forage legume plot trials. After NIRS measurements in the field each sample was again analyzed in the laboratory by means of a conventional grating spectrometer equipped with Si-and PbS-detectors. Conventional laboratory analysis of the samples was restricted to dry matter (DM) content by means of oven drying at 105. Routine chemometric procedures were then employed to assess the comparative accuracy and precision of the DM assessments in the spectral range between 950 and 1650nm by the NIRS diode array as well as by the conventional NIRS scanning instrument. The results of this study confirmed that the type of NIRS diode array instrument employed here functioned well even in rugged field operations. further refinements proved to be necessary for optimizing the automatic filling of the sample compartment to adjust for the wide variation in forage material under conditions of extremely low or high harvest yields. The error achieved in calibrating the apparatus for forages of typical DM content proved to be satisfactory (SECV < 1.0). Possibly as a consequence of higher sampling errors, its performance in atypical forages with elevated DM contents was less satisfactory. The error level obtained on the conventional grating NIR spectrometer was similar to that of the diode array instrument for both types of forage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.1484-1490
• /
• 2000

Objectives : In spinal metastasis and myeloma, percutaneous vertebroplasty could be an effective treatment method to provide spinal stabilization and to relief pain for early rehabilitation. The authors report twenty-five cases the clinical results of percutaneous vertebroplasty for twenty-five cases of spinal metastasis and myeloma. Materials and Methods : From September 1998 to December 1999, seventy percutaneous vertebroplasties(PVP) were performed for spinal metastases and myeloma in 25 patients, sixteen women and nine men ranging in age from 34 to 74. The primary malignancies were 6 multiple myelomas, and in metastatic tumore from various origin. All patients complained of severe pain and had osteolytic vertebral body destructions without spinal cord compression. To evaluate clinical improvement, suObjective verbal analogue pain score(VAS) and Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) were used. Thin sliced(2mm-thickness) sectional computed tomography(CT) was performed before and after PVP. Plain X-ray film was followed up every 1 month to assess the vertebral column stability. Results : In 25 patients, a total of seventy PVPS were performed successfully : 6 cervical, 33 thoracic and 31 lumbar vertebrae. Most patients had clear improvement of pain after PVP ; mean as score was 8.1 and 2.9 before and after PVP, respectively. Improvement was maintained in most patients. No further collapse of treated vertebrae was observed(mean follow-up, 7 months). Leakage of PMMA was notod in the spinal canal(13 levels), neural foramen (2 levels), adjacent disk(15 levels), paravertebral soft tissue(14 levels) and vein(8 levels). Pulmonary embolism was detected in three patients after the procedure, but was not associated with clinical symptoms. Conclusion : These results indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty can be valuable treatment method in osteolytic spinal metastasis and myeloma, providing immediate pain relief and spinal stabilization and contributing to early rehabilitation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.162-165
• /
• 2014

Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (IHSP) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder characterized by marked fibrosis of the spinal dura mater with unknown etiology. According to the location of the lesion, it might induce neurologic deficits by compression of spinal cord and nerve root. A 58-year old female with a 3-year history of progressive weakness in both lower extremities was referred to our institute. Spinal computed tomography (CT) scan showed an osteolytic lesion involving base of the C6 spinous process with adjacent epidural mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural mass involving dorsal aspect of cervical spinal canal from C5 to C7 level, with low signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images and non-enhancement on T1 weighted-enhanced images. We decided to undertake surgical exploration. At the operation field, there was yellow colored, thickened fibrous tissue over the dura mater. The lesion was removed totally, and decompression of spinal cord was achieved. Symptoms improved partially after the operation. Histopathologically, fibrotic pachymeninges with scanty inflammatory cells was revealed, which was compatible with diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Six months after operation, motor power grade of both lower extremities was normal on physical examination. However, the patient still complained of mild weakness in the right lower extremity. Although the nature of IHSP is generally indolent, decompressive surgery should be considered for the patient with definite or progressive neurologic symptoms in order to prevent further deterioration. In addition, IHSP can present as an osteolytic lesion. Differential diagnosis with neoplastic disease, including giant cell tumor, is important.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2011

Ion exchange resins can be one of the good carriers for sustained drug release. However, the sustained release may not be enough only with themselves and hence film coating with rate controlling polymers can be applied to have a further effect on the drug release. Due to the environmental and economic issues of organic solvent for the polymer coating, aqueous polymeric systems were selected to develop dosage forms. Among the many aqueous polymeric dispersions for the film coating, EC (ethylcellulose) based polymers such as Aquacoat$^{(R)}$ ECD and Surelease$^{(R)}$ were evaluated.A fluid-bed coating was applied as a processing method. The drug release rate was quite dependent on the coating level so the release rate could be modified easily by changing different levels of the coating. The drug release rate in the Aquacoat$^{(R)}$ coated resin particles was strongly dependent on curing, which is a thermal treatment to make homogeneous films and circumvent drug release changes during storage. After dissolution test using the compressed tablets in which the coated resin particles are contained, inhomogeneous coating and even pores could be observed showing that the mechanical properties of EC were not resistant to granulation and compaction process. However, when tablets were prepared in different batches, the release profiles were almost identical showing the feasibility of the coated resin particle as incorporated into the tablet formulation.