• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2017

Orchidaceous plants have symbiotic relationships with endophytic fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi, which play important roles in the seed germination and growth of the host plants. In this study, endophytic fungal communities isolated from the roots of Cephalanthera longibracteata collected from three different sites in Korea were analyzed, and it was determined whether fungal communities were preferentially correlated with the sites. The fungal isolates were identified by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA. In total, 30 species of endophytic fungi, including two species of mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tulasnella, were identified. Leptodontidium orchidicola showed the highest frequency and was isolated from all root samples. Species diversity and richness were not significantly different among sites. However, the community structure of the endophytic fungi significantly differed among sites, suggesting that the site characteristics affected the community composition of the endophytic fungi colonizing the roots of C. longibracteata. Our findings will aid in developing methods involving the use of symbiotic fungi for orchid conservation and restoration in native habitats.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

To examine the effects of water stress and Cenangium ferruginosum (CF) on the fungal endophytic community of needles of Pinus koraiensis (PK), fungal endophytes isolated from the needles of 5-year-old PK seedlings were compared before and after exposure to water stress conditions and artificial inoculation with CF ascospores. Artificial CF inoculation was successfully confirmed using PCR with CF-specific primers (CfF and CfR). For comparison of the degree of water deficit in water-stressed and control groups of PK seedlings infected with CF, the water saturation deficit and water potential were measured. Lower water potential estimates were found in the water-stressed seedlings than in the control group. The fungal endophytes isolated from the second-year needles of non-water-stressed seedlings before and after CF inoculation revealed that primary saprobes were approximately 30% and 71.7%, respectively, and the remaining endophytes were rot fungi or pathogens. Sixty days after CF inoculation, diverse fungal endophytes in the first-year needles were isolated from the water-stressed seedlings. However, some fungal endophytes isolated from the non-water-stressed seedlings were also identified. Fungal endophytes in the second-year needles of the water-stressed and non-water-stressed seedlings were approximately 8% and 71.7% of saprobes, respectively, and the remaining endophytes were rot fungi or pathogens. On the basis of the results, we conclude that water deficit and CF can have an effect on fungal endophytic communities in the needles of PK seedlings.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1446-1457
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• 2016

이 논문은 무제치늪에서 채집한 기장대풀(Isachne globosa Kuntze), 솔방울고랭이(Scirpus karuisawensis Makino), 이삭귀개(Utricularia racemosa Wall.), 좀개수염(Eriocaulon decemflorum Maxim.)등 4종의 식물 뿌리에서 서식하는 내생곰팡이의 분포 및 다양성을 확인하기 위해 조사하였다. 총 226 균주가 분리되었고, 3문(Phyla), 7강(Class), 10목(Order), 22과(Family), 31(genera)속으로 분리되었다. 내생진균에서 가장 많이 분리된 속은 Acephala (19.9%), Tolypocladium (16.3%), Neopestalotiopsis (11.5%), Perenniporia (7.1%) 순으로 확인하였다. 다양성지수 분석에 있어서, 이삭귀개(Ur)가 다른 식물 종에 비해 종 풍부도 (Menhinick's index = 2.37), (Margalef's index = 4.46)와, 종 균등도 (Simpson's index diversity = 0.91), 그리고 종 다양성(Shannon's indx = 2.57)로 높게 나왔다. 이러한 분석 결과를 봤을 때, 이삭귀개(Ur)에서 내생진균이 가장 다양하게 서식할 수 있는 것으로 보여진다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2021

Fungal endophytes have been recorded in various plant species with a richness of diversity, and their presence plays an essential role in host plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study applied the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform based on the amplification of fungal ribosomal ITS2 region to analyze fungal endophytic communities of two oak species (Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata) with different oak wilt disease susceptibilities in Korea. The results showed a total of 230,768 sequencing reads were obtained and clustered at a 97% similarity threshold into 709 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs of Q. serrata were higher than that of Q. mongolica with the number of 617 OTUs and 512 OTUs, respectively. Shannon index also showed that Q. serrata had a significantly higher level of fungal diversity than Q. mongolica. Total of OTUs were assigned into 5 fungal phyla, 17 classes, 60 orders, 133 families, 195 genera, and 280 species. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum with 75.11% relative abundance, followed by Basidiomycota with 5.28%. Leptosillia, Aureobasidium and Acanthostigma were the most abundant genera detected in Q. serrata with the average relative abundance of 2.85, 2.76, and 2.19%, respectively. On the other hand, Peltaster, Cladosporium and Monochaetia were the most common genera detected in Q. mongolica with the average relative abundance of 4.83, 3.03, and 2.87%, respectively. Our results indicated that fungal endophytic communities were significantly different between two oak species and these differences could influence responses of host trees to oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2024

The rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), poses a significant threat to the global rice production. Understanding how this disease impacts the plant's microbial communities is crucial for gaining insights into host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the changes in communities of bacterial and fungal endophytes inhabiting different compartments in healthy and diseased plants. We found that both alpha and beta diversities of endophytic communities do not change significantly by the pathogen infection. Rather, the type of plant compartment appeared to be the main driver of endophytic community structures. Although the overall structure seemed to be consistent between healthy and diseased plants, our analysis of differentially abundant taxa revealed the specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units that exhibited enrichment in the root and leaf compartments of infected plants. These findings suggest that endophyte communities are robust to the changes at the early stage of pathogen infection, and that some of endophytes enriched in infected plants might have roles in the defense against the pathogen.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2018

We investigated the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Pinus densiflora and Junipreus rigida from Mt. Baekryeonsan and Mt. Johangsan in Korea. In total, 59 isolates were discovered from 26 host plants and identified using sequences from the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Twenty taxa of endophytic fungi were identified in this study; 62% of isolates belonged to Leotiomycetes, 34% belonged to Sordariomyetes, and 4% belonged to Agaricomycetes. Results confirmed three previously unreported endophytic fungi in Korea: Phanerochaete concrescens, Creosphaeria sassafras, and Scopuloides rimosa. Community analysis showed that the fungal diversity patterns of the samples from Mt Baekryeonsan and Mt. Johangsan are similar to those from previous studies and varied depending upon host and locality.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 충남, 제주, 경남, 충북 등에서 새우난초(Calanthe discolor)와 은대난초(Cephalanthera longibracteata)의 뿌리를 채취하여 표면살균한 후 내생균을 순수분리 하였다. 분리된 내생균의 형태학 특징을 관찰하고 internaltranscribed spacer (ITS) rDNA영역의 염기서열을 ITS1F와 ITS4프라이머를 이용하여 분석하였다. 서로 다른 지역에서 채집한 새우난초와 은대난초이지만, 공통적으로 Leptodontidium orchidcola가 높은 상대수도와 빈도를 나타냈으며, 내생균류의 군집차이를 분석할 결과, 지역적 차이보다는 숙주에 의한 차이가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2017

This study analyzed the distribution of endophytic fungi in 3 coastal environments with different climatic, geographical, and geological characteristics: the volcanic islands of Dokdo, the East Sea, and the West Sea of Korea. The isolated fungal endophytes were characterized and analyzed with respect to the characteristics of their host environments. For this purpose, we selected common native coastal halophyte communities from three regions. Molecular identification of the fungal endophytes showed clear differences among the sampling sites and halophyte host species. Isolates were also characterized by growth at specific salinities or pH gradients, with reference to previous geographical, geological, and climate studies. Unlike the East Sea or West Sea isolates, some Dokdo Islands isolates showed endurable traits with growth in high salinity, and many showed growth under extremely alkaline conditions. A smaller proportion of West Sea coast isolates tolerate compared to the East Sea or Dokdo Islands isolates. These results suggest that these unique fungal biota developed through a close interaction between the host halophyte and their environment, even within the same halophyte species. Therefore, this study proposes the application of specific fungal resources for restoring sand dunes and salt-damaged agricultural lands and industrialization of halophytic plants.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2014

We investigated the diversity of the foliar endophytes of Korean ginseng. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and field-cultivated ginseng (FCG) at 4 sites in Chungbuk Province. A total of 24 species of fungal endophytes were identified using molecular approaches. Additionally, the diversity of these endophytic fungi was compared between MCG and FCG. The major isolated endophytes were Edenia gomezpompae and Gibberella moniliformis in the MCG and FCG samples, respectively. The results suggest that ginseng endophytes have different community structures in different environments, and this understanding may prove useful in ginseng cultivation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2021

Endophytic fungi are symbiotically related to plants and spend most of their life cycle within them. In nature, they have a crucial role in plant micro-ecosystem. They are harnessed for their bioactive compounds to counter human health problems and diseases. Endophytic Diaporthe sp. is a widely distributed fungal genus that has garnered much interest within the scientific community. A substantial number of secondary metabolites have been detected from Diaporthe sp. inhabited in various plants. As such, this minireview highlights the potential of Diaporthe sp. as a rich source of bioactive compounds by emphasizing on their diverse chemical entities and potent biological properties. The bioactive compounds produced are of significant importance to act as new lead compounds for drug discovery and development.