• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.272-273
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• 2004

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.469-473
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• 2005

Contract design plays a key role in the life cycle of BOT project. All project management activities and operation processes are arranged in consistence with the document of BOT contract which the public sector ensures that the respective roles and responsibilities set out in the contract are fully understood and fulfilled to the contracted performance criteria. With limited theories to deal with some fundamental issues of BOT contract design, we try to collect data from case studies and formulate several practical principles. The conclusions presented in this paper are analyzed from two cases, one is based on an early case in the United Kingdom, and the other based on the Taiwan High Speed Railway case. The purpose of this paper is not about covering all legal issues about BOT contract design, but rather, our work provides common considerations applicable to the contract parties of a broad range of BOT contracts. The results in this paper shall propose some fundamental principles of the BOT contract design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.98-104
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• 1999

This study aims to offer fundamental design strategies for concerning public·service space in museums through comparative analysis between korean and foreign museums. In so doing, it deals with the spatial configuration of public·service space. It suggests that the careful consideration about the public·service space should be taken in order to make the museum public in real sense. Some design strategies suggested in this study can be used as fundamental data for a public museum design, in particular at the early stage of the design process.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2017

Fundamental period is one of the most critical parameters affecting the seismic design of buildings. In this paper, a very simple approach is presented for estimating the fundamental period of multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures. The basic idea behind this approach is to replace the complicated MDOF system with an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. To realize this equivalence, a procedure for replacing a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) system with an SDOF system, known as a two-to-single (TTS) procedure, is developed first; then, using the TTS procedure successively, an MDOF system is replaced with an equivalent SDOF system. The proposed approach is expressed in terms of mass, stiffness, and number of stories, without mode shape or any other parameters; thus, it is a very simple method. The accuracy of the proposed method is investigated by estimating the fundamental periods of many MDOF models; it is found that the results obtained by the proposed method agree very well with those obtained by eigenvalue analysis.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.332-336
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• 2022

Given a cubic space, it is easy to uniformly illuminate the floor with light sources placed on top. However, little has been reported about uniform illumination on walls with the same configuration of light sources. Here we present a luminaire consisting of nine light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with perfect Lambertian distribution, placed on the top as a 3 × 3 rectangular LED array. The distances between LEDs and tilt angles of each individual LED are adjustable and optimized by an annealing algorithm. After optimization, the array produces a rectangular illumination pattern on one wall with a uniformity of about 89%. Analysis shows that the tilt angles of individual LEDs are key parameters for uniform side illumination. In a scenario that is more practical, the tilt angles of all the LEDs are set to be the same, only decreasing the uniformity to 83%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.479-491
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• 2006

This paper deals with optimal fibre orientations of symmetrically laminated fibre reinforced composite structures for maximising the fundamental frequency of small-amplitude. A set of fiber orientation angles in the layers are considered as design variable. The Modified Feasible Direction method is used in order to obtain the optimal designs. The effects of number of layers, boundary conditions, laminate thicknesses, aspect ratios and in-plane loads on the optimal designs are studied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.410-414
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• 2009

Performance based fire engineering design should be developed through basic survey and fundamental element such as analytic program for evaluation of fire performance of building. The basic elements will be expressed to the surveys of the structures of building laws, regulation and the fundamental elements consist of technical guidances contained design fires, heat analysis, determination of structural performance.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

Response of buildings under seismic load is different according to fundamental period. It is provided in Korean Building Code(KBC2009) seismic response coefficient by fundamental period for seismic design of buildings. Recently, many researchers have studied on fundamental period and seismic response coefficient. However, studies on seismic design using Geographic Information System(GIS) are not sufficient. Therefore, this paper has analyzed on seismic response coefficient of buildings using ArcGIS. This paper can be evaluated efficiently for seismic analysis of structures. And this study will be used as basics of a reasonable seismic design using Geographic Information Systems(GIS).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.705-719
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• 2014

Composite steel-concrete box girders are frequently used in bridge construction for their economic and structural advantages. An integrated metaheuristic based optimization procedure is proposed for discrete size optimization of straight multi-span steel box girders with the objective of minimizing the self-weight of girder. The metaheuristic algorithm of choice is the Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm. The optimum design of a box girder is characterized by geometry, serviceability and ultimate limit states specified by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Size optimization of a practical design example investigates the efficiency of this optimization approach and leads to around 15% of saving in material.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to design and implement a fundamental nursing practice based on flipped learning and to examine the effects. Methods: Participants were 57 students who were taking the fundamental nursing practice course at D university in N city. The study included processes of instructional design, action/effects and reflection. Data were analyzed using paired t-test with the SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In the instructional design stage, the class consisted of 3 parts: outside class (pre-learning), inside class (assessment, collaborative practice, peer review, reflection), after-class (self-directed practice, feedback). In the action/effects stage, the flipped learning was applied for 15 weeks according to the instructional design and then the effects of flipped learning were evaluated. Students showed a significant improvement in self-directed learning ability (t=-3.56, p=.001) and critical thinking disposition after the class (t=-3.72, p<.001). Finally, in the reflection stage, the researchers examined whether the four pillars of flipped learning occurred. Conclusion: Findings indicate that flipped learning applied in fundamental nursing practice is effective in improving self-directed learning ability and critical thinking disposition. The action research method was a useful way to foster professor's educational competency as well as to verify effects of a new nursing education method.