• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

Buddhist Architecture should be set for worship and an ascetic life, which is its main function as it is a religious facility and its space and form can be considered as means to achieve efficiently a religious function. Every religion concludes its religious function through its ideas and form of faith based on scriptures and religious precepts. The thing should be paid attention to from this point of view is how Buddhist doctrines are reflected on the architecture and the background recognition about the fundamental doctrines and religious system should be preceded to clarify it. Existing researches have studied the characteristics of Buddhist temples on the point of functional view and architectural spacial view through phenomenal ways. Though fruitful results bore about the Korean space through that way, more internal viewpoint is required to clarify the fundamental regularities and spatial concepts indwelling in temple architecture. Considering what structural elements were required to compose one space in traditional Korean architecture is the fundamental subject and important. This thesis searches architectural characteristics through inquiring about the main building and annexes and understanding symbolic characteristics about the arrangement of the Buddhist statue and solemn things in the Buddhist temples of tangible cultural assets or above located in Seoul area.

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

The finite element method based on the total Lagrangian description of the motion and the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain is applied to investigate the nonlinear behavior and vibration characteristics for patched reinforced laminated spherical panels. The patched elements are formulated using variable thickness at arbitrary point on the reference plane. The cylindrical arc-length method is adopted to obtain a nonlinear solution. The post-buckled vibration is assumed to be small amplitude. The effect of patch in the spherical shell Panel is investigated on the nonlinear response and the fundamental vibration characteristics. The present results show that the load-carrying capability can be improved by reinforcing patch. The fundamental frequency of patched panel is lower than that of equivalent shell panel. However, the fundamental frequency of patched panel does not decrease greatly due to the increase of nonlinear geometrical stiffness under loading.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

The purposes of this paper is to study the characteristics of compared to the speakers voice without depression and speakers with depression, and to propose a objective method for the measurement of the therapeutic effects as well as for diagnostics of depression based on the characteristics. The voice samples obtained from 11 female speakers with depression, aged from 20 to 40, diagnosed as having major depressive disorder by an psychiatrist were compared with those from 12 normal controls with matched sex, age, height, weight, education, smoking, and drinking. The voice samples are taken by a portable digital recorder(TASCAM DR-07, Japan) and analysed using the MDVP(Multi-Dimentional Voice Program) software module from CSL(Computerized Speech Lab, kay elemetrics, co, model 4100). The result of the investigation are as following. First, the average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range of the speakers with depression group was statistically significantly lower than that of the control group. The pitch range of the control group was rather higher than that of the speakers with depression group, but without statistical significance. Overall speech rates have no statistical difference between two groups. Second, the average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range have statistically significant negative correlation with Beck Depression Inventory, i. e. more severe depression exhibits lower average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range. Other vocal parameters such as pitch range and overall speech rate have no statistically meaningful correlations with Beck Depression Inventory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.196-201
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• 2006

In general, the vertical vibration problems for strength of members and serviceability of building structures are not considered in structural design process, but the prediction of the vertical vibration is very important and essential to structural design process. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of vertical vibration in terms of the transfer of horizontal directions on the rahmen building structures and the shear wall building structures. In order to examine the characteristics of vertical vibration, the modal test and the heel-drop excitation experiments were conducted several times on the two type building structures. The results from the experiments are analyzed and compared with the results. The results of this study suggest that the characteristics of vortical vibration transfer in horizontal way are effected from the fundamental frequency of the slabs and excitation forces and are effected the shear wall on the path of the vibration transfer.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

In general, the vertical vibration problems for .strength of members and serviceability of building structures are not considered in structural design process, but the prediction of the vertical vibration is very important and essential to structural design process. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of vertical vibration in terms of the transfer of horizontal directions on the rahmen building structures. In order to examine the characteristics of vertical vibration, the modal test and the impact (heel-drop and hammer) excitation experiments were conducted several times on three building structures. The results from the experiments are analyzed and compared. with the results. The results of this study suggest that the characteristics of vertical vibration transfer in horizontal way are effected from the fundamental frequency of the slabs and excitation forces.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

When surveying the cultural heritages especially in the case of stone structures, preserving their originalstate is of primary importance. For the effective assessment of survey results of stone structure, thedynamic characteristics of that system should be considered. Dynamic characteristics of stone masonry structures depend on several factors such as coefficients of friction, contact conditions, and number of layers of bonding stones. These factors can be estimated by using the dynamic analysis results. This paper describes a method for natural frequency determination of traditional stone arch bridge subjected to compressive force. For this purpose, multi-layered granite brick models of for arch bridge were made and fundamental frequencies corresponding increasing axial forces were measured.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.6 no.3 s.22
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The seismic zone factor is evaluated according to the regional characteristics of seismic response based on the historical and instrumental earthquake data. This study aims at arranging regional seismic characteristics by the analysis of earthquake data recorded in the Korean Peninsula and providing the fundamental data to be used for establishing seismic zone factor considering the domestic seismic characteristics. This paper provides the seismic characteristics in the Korean Peninsula according to the historical and instrumental records and then presents fundamental data for establishing seismic zone factors in domestic region.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 2004

The paper surveys various attempts to use the concept of 'fundamental ideas' -Bruner's concept- as a tool for organizing mathematics teaching and research in mathematics education. One of the characteristics of fundamental ideas in mathematics is their correspondence to the history of mathematics; therefore in forming out contents and methods in mathematics education, the history of mathematics may be serve as an interesting aspect. It is demonstrated by the example of mean values.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.595-601
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• 2017

Background: Red ginseng oil (RGO) is produced by supercritical $CO_2$ extraction of secondary products derived from Korean Red Ginseng extract. As the use of RGO has increased, product safety concerns have become more important. Methods: In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of RGO were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with RGO for 28 d by gavage. Daily RGO dose concentrations were 0 mg/kg body weight (bw), 500 mg/kg bw, 1,000 mg/kg bw, or 2,000 mg/kg bw per day. Bacterial reverse mutation tests included five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli WP2 and Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537), which were used in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. The plated incorporation method for mutation test was used with RGO concentrations ranging from $312.5{\mu}g$ to $5,000{\mu}g$ per plate. Results: The subacute oral toxicity test results did not reveal any marked changes in clinical characteristics. There were no toxicological changes related to RGO administration in hematological and serum biochemical characteristics in either control or treatment animals. Furthermore, no gross or histopathological changes related to RGO treatment were observed. The bacterial reverse mutation test results did not reveal, at any RGO concentration level and in all bacterial strains, any increase in the number of revertant colonies in the RGO treatment group compared to that in the negative control group. Conclusion: The no-observed-adverse-effect level of RGO is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw and RGO did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to develop the normal voice database and to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean adults' voices by gender using MDVP. Eight categories in the 34 parameters of MDVP were analyzed in the voices of 170 Korean normal adults taken from /a/ vowel. Among them, Fundamental Frequency Parameters and Frequency Perturbation Parameters were significantly different by gender. In addition, Fundamental Frequency Parameters of our data were remarkably different from the data suggested in the MDVP program which currently used in clinics. Therefore, the data obtained from the current study can be effectively used for the diagnosis of voice disorders of Korean adults as the standard parameter values of MDVP.