• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.53-75
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• 2020

Purpose Despite the continued rise in the popularity of mobile MMORPGs, the previous studies mainly focused on negative results of playing MMORPG such as violence and game addiction. In addition, previous studies that verified game play motives were not enough to explain user's fundamental motives for MMORPG play. To verify the positive role of playing MMORPG, this study focused on stress coping strategies on continued play MMORPG, and divided factors into two dimensions: escapism and coping with system. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the discriminatory effects of each factor on users' self-control, and the effect of self-constrol and behavioral adapatation on continued use intention for MMORPG. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed to examine the structural relationships among MMORPG users' escapism, system coping, self-control, behavioral adaptation and continued use intention for MMORPG. Findings The results from this study are as follow. First, the participants' effect-based escapism had a positive impact on self-control, whereas cause-based escapism had a negative impact on self-control. Next, proactive coping and reactive coping for system problem had a positive impact on self-control. In addition, Self-control had a positive impact on behavioral adaptation and continued use intention for MMORPG. Lastly, the behavioral adaptation to MMORPG had a positive impact continued use intention. The results of our study can suggest the positive effects of coping strategy on users' self-control and behavioral adaptation by applying the theory of both escapism and coping with system. Based on our results, game companies should develop contents that can gratify users' coping motives and enhance self-control and behavioral adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur commonly in the all living and in cycling cells. They constitute one of the most severe form of DNA damage, because they affect both strand of DNA. DSBs result in cell death or a genetic alterations including deletion, loss of heterozygosity, translocation, and chromosome loss. DSBs arise from endogenous sources like metabolic products and reactive oxygen, and also exogenous factors like ionizing radiation. Defective DNA DSBs can lead to toxicity and large scale sequence rearrangement that can cause cancer and promote premature aging. There are two major pathways for their repair: homologous recombination(HR) and non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ). The HR pathway is a known "error-free" repair mechanism, in which a homologous sister chromatid serves as a template. NHEJ, on the other hand, is a "error-prone" pathway, in which the two termini of the broken DNA molecule are used to form compatible ends that are directly ligated. This review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of how HR and NHEJ pathways operate, cause genome instability, and what kind of genes during the pathways are associated with head and neck cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.127-135
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• 2008

Intermodal or transfer facilities is always necessary wherever different modes meet at one place and exchanges of passengers among the modes take place. Design of intermodal or transfer facilities requires a careful consideration of numerous legal and technical factors. This study intends to suggest the fundamental principles needed for design the intermodal facilities to enhance the level-of-service for transfer passengers as well as the efficiency of operation. Previous studies and relevant legal documentation are reviewed and examined. Steps in the design procedures are suggested, and data necessary for designing the facility is suggested. The above principles are applied to the real design of Busan KTX station in order to identify the problems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.1139-1153
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• 2016

Elastic constraints are usually simplified as "spring forces" exerted on beam ends without considering the "spring deformation". The partial differential equation governing the free vibrations of a cantilever Bernoulli-Euler beam considering the deformation of elastic constraints is firstly established, and is nondimensionalized to obtain two dimensionless factors, $k_v$ and $k_r$, describing the effects of elastically vertical and rotational end constraints, respectively. Then the frequency equation for the above Bernoulli-Euler beam model is derived using the method of separation of variables. A numerical analysis method is proposed to solve the transcendental frequency equation for the continuous change of the frequency with $k_v$ and $k_r$. Then the mode shape functions are given. Finally, effects of $k_v$ and $k_r$ on free vibration characteristics of the beam with different slenderness ratios are calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the effects of $k_v$ are larger on higher-order free vibration characteristics than on lower-order ones, and the impact strength decreases with slenderness ratio. Under a relatively larger slenderness ratio, the effects of $k_v$ can be neglected for the fundamental frequency characteristics, while cannot for higher-order ones. However, the effects of $k_r$ are large on both higher- and lower-order free vibration characteristics, and cannot be neglected no matter the slenderness ratio is large or small.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2020

Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the needs and importance of basic core competencies required for future society by dental hygienists' viewpoints who are working in the clinical practices and to provide the fundamental data to develop the educational programs based on the competencies in the 21st century so as to enhance their working capability. Methods: A total of 38 questionnaires were used in this study, 3 questionnaires on the general characteristics (age, service years, main job functions) and those in 11 sub-factors of basic core competencies including 4 questionnaires on creativity, 3 on collaboration, 3 on communication, 3 on interpersonal relationship, 3 on problem-solving, 4 on resource control, 4 on self-control and development, 2 on vocational ethics, 3 on knowledge information utilization, 3 on global mind, and 3 on emotional intelligence. Self-reported survey was conducted in the dental hygienists who were working in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province and a total of 195 data were analyzed. Results: Vocational ethics, communication, and collaboration showed the highest on both importance and needs with 4.49 points and 4.34; 4.41 and 4.28; and 4.39 and 4.22, respectively, while global mind showed the lowest with 3.51 and 3.59. Upon Importance-Performance Analysis, 7 items were defined to require maintain the status including vocational ethics, communication, collaboration, interpersonal relationship, self-control, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving while 4 items with lower priority were resource control and development, knowledge information utilization, creativity, and global mind. Conclusion: Based on this study results that suggested the basic core competencies of dental hygienists in alignment with their jobs in the future society, competitive dental hygienists should be developed with the educational programs applied with these competencies.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-201
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• 2009

As a result of overemphasizing the goods sector in trade structure, Korea does not meet properly the global trend which has the key role of 'trade in services' as the service economy have been expanded. Hereafter, it is easily forecasted that trade in services will be one of the main factors for Korea's competitiveness and engine of growth. Nevertheless, because Korea does not equip the concreteness of governance for trade in services, it is possible that the efficiency deterioration of trade volume, confusion of Korea's trade policy, conflict among trading countries, and discordance between the interested parties may be occurred. This paper analyzes the governance system of Korea for trade in services in order to enhance the competitiveness reflecting the importance of trade in services and to draw some strategies for remodeling the service governance system. It is expected to raise the efficiency of Korea's trade policy by constructing the systematic governance for trade in services, and to remove lots of latent risks during global transactions by improving the imbalance between manufacturing and service part for the development of trade in services in Korea. Analysis revealed itself the result that Korea is weak enough to can not identify the governance system about trade in services. Except 'Extent of Services' article of the Foreign Trade Act, Korea has not prepared the governance system for trade in services so that governance system have been scattered overly or decentralized. Problems about trade in services are not limited to enterprise's side, but extended to all the players including government agency whole, academic world and research institute. Therefore, the governance of trade in services should be strengthened and systematized by making the model law for trade in services(provisional name : Master Law for Trade in Services or Promotion Law for Trade in Services) by formatting type of fundamental law or separate legislation. If the bill legislation does not meet the conditions, the Foreign Trade Act should be totally reformed to Omnibus Trade Act concept including trade in services.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2008

The programming learning by using a robot may be one of the most appropriate learning methods for enabling students to experience the creative learning of future society by avoiding the existing stereotyped style educational environment, and understand and improve algorithm which is the basic fundamental of mathematics and science. This study proposed four types of items of errors which may occur during robot programming by elementary school students, and made elementary school students in the fifth and sixth grades learn robot programming after developing the curriculum for the robot programming. Then, the study collected and classified errors that had occurred during the process of learning, and conducted a comparative analysis of computer-based programming language which had been previously studied. This study identified that robot programming in elementary school was shown superior to existing computer-based programming language as a creative learning method and tool through the field experience.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1388-1394
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• 2004

Purpose. Korean women are likely to experience symptoms of depression, possibly due to socially fixed limitations on the roles that Korean women are expected to perform. Also if a Korean woman experinces negative relationship problem or stress in her family, she would feel responsible, which will worsen her depression. Nonetheless, much of the research on depression among Korean women has focused on menopausal women. This study aims to understand the depression of Korean women to provide fundamental data to develop nursing intervention method for promoting women's health. Methods. The present investigation assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression in a large sample of Korean women, aged 18 or older, from the general population. With a probability sample of 3312 women drawn from two areas in Korea, a survey, which contains the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and background, was completed. Results. According to CES-D classification criteria, $36.5\%$ of the women in the sample displayed either no depression or mild depression, $55.6\%$ exhibited moderate depression, and $7.8\%$ manifested severe depression. Significant bivariate relationships were observed between depression and each measured background variable except alcohol use. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the strongest combination of predictors of depression included income, menopausal, and marital status. Conclusion. The data support the premise that Korean women disproportionately experience elevated levels of depression. Consistent with the theory, depression may be related to social pressures to conform to the traditional roles. The study suggests the need for further research, primary prevention activities, and increased access to treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.48-57
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• 2000

This paper is dealing with the fundamental properties of planting concrete, replacing the existing cover concrete on the roof of a building. This study is to find out the physical characteristics of the planting concrete and rearing characteristics of the grass throughout the modeling experimental materials. As the results of the experiment, the physical properties of planting concrete show the following results; when the paste to aggregate ratio is 0.2~ 0.4, voids volume : 30~17%, unit weight: 1,710~2,010kg/m3, compressive strength : 45~145kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, its pH is more than 11, but is reduced to the proper degree for planting after being neutralized. Kentucky bluegrass covered with planting concrete is grown well. The planting concrete used with blast furnace slag cement shows a better properties at the height, the width and the covering rate by 1.1cm, 0.5mm and 7%, respectively, than those used with ordinary portland cement. Also, the less the paste to aggregate ratio is, the better the plant grows. The orders of the effects of temperature control are as follows; the system of planting concrete with grass>the system of planting concrete without grass>the system of mixed soil>the existed roof system. In case, the planting concrete is placed to the roofs of buildings instead of normal concrete slab, and a number of favorable effect can be expected such as the improvement os environmental factors, the reduction of construction cost, the saving of energy and the reduction of environment load. The future research on the change of a variety of the aggregate conditions and the application of the practical structures should be made, and also the research of the endurance also be performed.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.179-199
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on oral hygiene of the elderly and to assess the behavior of oral hygiene, subjective oral health, oral health problem among the elderly, and to contribute to successful enhancement of life in their declining years. Methods: The author surveyed the behavior of oral hygiene, subjective oral health, oral health problem to 192 elderly at a health center of Busan using structured self- administered questionnaire from Nov. 2nd 2009 to Feb. 10th 2010. Collected data were analysed by SPSS WIN 18.0 statistical program for frequency, percentage production, ${\chi}^2$ (Chi-square) verification, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Logistic Regression. Results: The distribution of total subjects by oral health behaviors were 56.8% for "have ever trained how to tooth brushing", 76.6% for "correctly performed tooth brushing by himself ", 71.8% for "tooth brushing a day is two times and less", 87.5% for "it doesn't tooth brushing in meals and after" and 53.6% for "it doesn't use the facility for oral health", respectively. The distribution of total subjects by the state of perceived oral health were 51.0% for "feel the oral discomfort", 51.6% for "feel the comfortable chewing on starchy food", respectively. The mean point of perceived oral health by general characteristics of total subjects were statistically significant difference in sex, type of medical insurance, smoke, exercise, and chronic disease. The mean point of perceived oral health by oral health behaviors of total subjects were statistically significant difference in educational experience on tooth brushing, recognition for tooth brushing by himself, tooth brushing a day, and tongue cleaning. The risk factors of perceived oral health were type of medical insurance and chronic disease in general characteristics, tooth brushing in meals and after and tooth brushing a day, and tongue cleaning in oral health behaviors. Conclusion: The author recommend to the prevention of chronic disease, carry out the tooth brushing in meals and after, three times and over tooth brushing a day and tongue cleaning for oral health. and the author consider that it need to prepare the active countermeasure to oral health such as reeducation for oral health and supply to the tongue cleaner.