• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2017

This paper presents a force control based on the observer without taking any force or torque measurement from the robot which allows realizing more stable and robust human robot interaction for the developed multi-functional upper limb rehabilitation robot. The robot has four functional training modes which can be classified by the human robot interaction types: passive, active, assistive, and resistive mode. The proposed observer consists of internal disturbance observer and external force observer for distinctive performance evaluation. Since four training modes can be quantitatively identified as impedance variation, position-based impedance control with feedback and feedforward controller was applied to the assistive training mode. The results showed that the proposed sensorless observer estimated cleaner and more accurate force compared to the force sensor and the impedance controller embedded with the proposed observer completed the assistive training mode safely and properly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.811-821
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• 2006

The purpose of this report was to study visual effect and functional effect of waist line location of slacks for females in 20'. 1. Differences of visual effect of slacks waist line change to be expressed that mature, sexual and casual slacks waist line were W4 or W5, looks like long leg and mature and formal slacks waist line was W1, slim lower part of the body and flat slacks waist line was W4. 2. Analysis result of functional effect difference with the location variation of slacks waist line were as follows. In all motions(M1, M2, M3, M4) W2 that downed 7cm-6cm-6cm from natural waist line was valued as the most comfortable, W1 and W5 were valued as discomfortable, where waist line was too high or too low.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic properties of fricatives, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ produced by children with functional articulation disorder and normal children (N=20, aged 6-7). All subjects showed significant differences in both the length of friction intervals and breathing intervals of fricatives according to the changes in the environment presented within each group. However, there is a difference in the extent of variation in length between the two groups. This means that children with functional articulation disorder have greater difficulty in adjusting fricative noises according to changes in the CV VCV environment than normal children.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2018

Plant functional traits have been shown to be useful to understand how and why ecosystems and their components vary across environmental heterogeneity or gradients. This study investigated how plant functional (leaf) traits vary according to an elevation-associated environmental gradient. Environmental gradients (mean annual temperature and precipitation) were quantified, and leaf traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus, leaf carbon, and leaf C/N ratio) of the understory woody plant species Acer pseudosieboldianum were examined across an elevational gradient ranging from 600 to 1200 m in a Baegunsan Mountain in Gwangyang-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. The results showed that mean annual temperature and precipitation decreased and increased along with elevation, respectively. Leaf area of the plant species decreased slightly with increasing elevation, while specific leaf area did not differ significantly. Leaf nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon concentrations) were higher at high elevations, but leaf C/N ratio decreased with elevation.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.152-160
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• 2011

Hypertension is the major factor of most death and high blood pressure (BP) can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure. Moreover, hypertension is strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Although the exact causes of hypertension are still unclear, some of genetic loci were discovered from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Therefore, it is essential to study genetic variation for finding more genetic factor affecting hypertension. The purpose of our study is to conduct a CNV association study for hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI, in Korean individuals. We identified 2,206 CNV regions from 3,274 community-based Korean participants using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 platform and performed a logistic regression analysis of CNVs with two hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI. Moreover, the 4,692 participants in an independent cohort were selected for respective replication analyses. GWAS of CNV identified two loci encompassing previously known hypertension-related genes: LPA (lipoprotein) on 6q26, and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) on 9p24, with suggestive p-values (0.0334 for LPA and 0.0305 for JAK2 ). These two positive findings, however, were not evaluated in the replication stage. Our result confirmed the conclusion of CNV study from the WTCCC suggesting weak association with common diseases. This is the first study of CNV association study with BP and BMI in Korean population and it provides a state of CNV association study with common human diseases using SNP array.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

To produce a high-quality Kimchi product, molten salt was used for the Kimchi. Changes in the physiochemical properties and functional compounds were analyzed during fermentation. The salinity of bay salt Kimchi was higher than that of the molten salt Kimchi. The fermentation speed of the lactic acid bacteria in the molten salt Kimchi was significantly faster. To evaluate the effects of the salts on the changes in the functional compounds during fermentation, the antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonols, phenolic acids, and glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage were analyzed. In the first 9 days, antioxidants were decreased during this fermentation period and then, increased after that. TPC was slightly increased for all the conditions after 40 days fermentation. Kaempferol was a major flavonol but had a relatively larger decrease in the molten salt Kimchi than in the bay salt samples. Phenolic acid did not show any significant difference among the samples. The glucosinolate contents were significantly decreased in all the conditions of Kimchi during the fermentation period. Consequently, the molten salt greatly affected the fermentation speed of Kimchi and the total characteristics of the Kimchi lactic acid bacteria. Although the functional compounds of Chinese cabbage were decreased during the fermentation of Kimchi, this decrease did not profoundly deteriorate the food quality. Therefore, high-quality Kimchi with enhanced bioactivity will be available if appropriate Chinese cabbages that have enhanced functional compounds are used.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.484-491
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• 2023

Maize is one of the major crops consumed in worldwide, which nutrients accounts for a large amount of starch, but also functional components, and phenolic acid is known to have a high content. Maize is divided into waxy maize, sweet maize, and normal maize with its shape and use, therefore there is also a difference in nutritional composition. This study was conducted to analyze the content of functional components according to the type of maize and to produce natural variation data in consideration of environmental factors. 3 shapes of maize (waxy maize, sweet maize, and normal maize) samples cultivated in 3 regions (Suwon, Daegu, and Hongcheon) were analyzed using HPLC and GC-TOF-MS. Comparing with type through ANOVA, multivariate statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, 28 components, including carotenoids and tocopherols, showed significant differences among a total of 32 components (p <0.05), 15 of them showed very significant differences (p <0.001). When comparing with regions, 15 components showed significant differences and only vanillate, syringate, C23-ol of them showed most significant differences (p <0.001). As a result of principal component analysis, cluster classification was distinguished by shape than by region, with α-carotene, cholesterol for waxy maize, vanillate and stigmasterol for sweet maize, lutein and β-carotene for normal maize had a great effect on cluster formation. It suggests that the content of functional components is more affected by genetic factors than environmental factors.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.76-95
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• 2009

In the fungal genus Cordyceps, the type species Cordyceps militaris produces bioactive ingredients and exhibits medicinal effects as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The fruiting bodies of C.militaris have now been mass-produced artificially and used as functional food and medicine in China. The unstable variation in forming fruiting body is however a key restrictive factor in industrial production. The genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C. militaris has rarely been carried out. Here, we report the effects of genetic variation including the mating system on perithecial stromata formation of C. militaris. Monoconidial isolates which have both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1(genotype MAT1-1/2) could produce stromata. While the isolates only have either MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1 (genotype MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) failed to produce stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, homothallism was occasionally observed in a few isolates of C. militaris. High genetic variation was observed amongst the different monoconidial isolates of C. militaris. The unstable variation or lose of fruiting body formation was found to be caused by the inner-species high genetic variation of C. militaris. These results also indicated that C. militaris sexually behaved as both heterothallic and homothallic and required two mating type compatible in the same culture in order to produce regular clubshaped perithecial stromata.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2007

During monocarpic senescence in higher plants, functional stay-green delays leaf yellowing, maintaining photosynthetic competence, whereas nonfunctional stay-green retains leaf greenness without sustaining photosynthetic activity. Thus, functional stay-green is considered a beneficial trait that can increase grain yield in cereal crops. A stay-green japonica rice 'SNU-SG1' had a good seed-setting rate and grain yield, indicating the presence of a functional stay-green genotype. SNU-SG1 was crossed with two regular cultivars to determine the inheritance mode and identify major QTLs conferring stay-green in SNU-SG1. For QTL analysis, linkage maps with 100 and 116 DNA marker loci were constructed using selective genotyping with $F_2$ and RIL (recombinant inbred line) populations, respectively. Molecular marker-based QTL analyses with both populations revealed that the functional stay-green phenotype of SNU-SG1 is regulated by several major QTLs accounting for a large portion of the genetic variation. Three main-effect QTLs located on chromosomes 7 and 9 were detected in both populations and a number of epistatic-effect QTLs were also found. The amount of variation explained by several digenic interactions was larger than that explained by main-effect QTLs. Two main-effect QTLs on chromosome 9 can be considered the target loci that most influence the functional stay-green in SNU-SG1. The functional stay-green QTLs may help develop low-input high-yielding rice cultivars by QTL-marker-assisted breeding with SNU-SG1.