• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

In order to keep and increase a competitive potential, industrial enterprises have to reduce their costs for product development as well as shorten lead time in product development processes. Moreover they have to respond to market factors and conditions such as increasing demands for functionality and individuality of products, short product life cycles, high pressure on prices and time to market. The improved functional requirement in connection with high time and cost pressure lead to high risk in product development. Technological fine improvements in connection with high time and cost pressure lead to high development risk. To cope with these challenges many enterprises have to collaborate globally. The collaborative engineering in product development is aimed to create distributed collaborative corporations and to facilitate the management of design conflicts. This paper provides a methodology for analyzing collaborative design process as well as the tools and the framework to support collaborative product development. The methodology can identify the interdependences among design tasks and teams. The tools and framework are implemented to facilitate the management of product development process.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.870-875
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• 2004

Current trend of design technologies shows engineers to objectify or automate the given decision-making process. The numerical optimization is an example of such technologies. However, in numerical optimization, the uncertainties are uncontrollable to efficiently objectify or automate the process. To better manage these uncertainties, Taguchi method, reliability-based optimization and robust optimization are being used. To obtain the target performance with the maximum robustness is the main functional requirement of a mechanical system. In this research, the robust design strategy is developed based on the DACE and the global optimization approaches. The DACE modeling, known as the one of Kriging interpolation, is introduced to obtain the surrogate approximation model of the system. The robustness is determined by the DACE model to reduce the real function calculations. The simulated annealing algorithm of global optimization methods is adopted to determine the global robust design of a surrogated model. The mathematical problems and the MEMS design problem are investigated to show the validity of the proposed method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2001

Correct descriptions for software component functions become a strong requirement in developing critical software especially on the area of real-time applications. In this paper, we introduce both formalization of software design using patterns and verification methods in order for the components to increase their understandability. In particular, the paper investigates into a means of formal description techniques based on VDM++ for the software components, and provides adequacy proof steps for a given functional descriptions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1253-1258
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• 2004

The system safety must be ensured before customization. There was no specific requirement representing system safety in Korea until now. So we should draw safety requirements to guarantee system safety for the first time. In this paper, the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) to derive the safety requirements on the train control system was carried out. To analyze hazard, we have to deduce system functions, identify related hazards, derive the effects of the hazards, analyze current risks, define the target risks of the system, and deduce the alternative plans to reduce the effects of the hazards. For the case study, the detailed analysis on vehicle collision that was a main hazard of the train control system was carried out.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2007

Cast DNA/polyethyleneimine (PEI) blend membranes containing different amounts of DNA were prepared using acid-base interaction and characterized with the aim of understanding the polymer electrolyte membrane properties. Two different molecular weights of PEI were used to provide the mechanical strength, while DNA, a polyelectrolyte, was used for the proton transport channel. Proton conductivity was observed for the DNA/PEI membrane and reached approximately $3.0{\times}10^{-3}S/cm$ for a DNA loading of 16 wt% at $80^{\circ}C$. The proton transport phenomena of the DNA/PEI complexes were investigated in terms of the complexation energy using the density functional theory method. In the case of DNA/PEI, a cisoid-type complex was more favorable for both the formation of the complex and the dissociation of hydrogen from the phosphate. Since the main requirement for proton transport in the polymer matrix is to dissociate the hydrogen from its ionic sites, this suggests the significant role played by the basicity of the matrix.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2017

The number of imaging data sets has significantly increased during radiation treatment after introducing a diverse range of advanced techniques into the field of radiation oncology. As a consequence, there have been many studies proposing meaningful applications of imaging data set use. These applications commonly require a method to align the data sets at a reference. Deformable image registration (DIR) is a process which satisfies this requirement by locally registering image data sets into a reference image set. DIR identifies the spatial correspondence in order to minimize the differences between two or among multiple sets of images. This article describes clinical applications, validation, and algorithms of DIR techniques. Applications of DIR in radiation treatment include dose accumulation, mathematical modeling, automatic segmentation, and functional imaging. Validation methods discussed are based on anatomical landmarks, physical phantoms, digital phantoms, and per application purpose. DIR algorithms are also briefly reviewed with respect to two algorithmic components: similarity index and deformation models.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

In small embedded systems including IoT devices, memory size is very small and it is important to reduce memory amount for execution of application programs. For multi-threaded applications, stack may consume a large amount of memory because each thread has its own stack of sufficiently large size for worst case. This paper presents an implementation of single stack multi-threading, called SSThread (Single Stack Thread), by sharing a stack for all threads to reduce stack memory size. By using SSThread, multi-threaded applications can be programmed based on normal C language environment and there is no requirement of transporting multi-threading operating systems. It consists of several library functions and various C macro definitions. Even though some functional restrictions in comparison to operating systems supporting complete multi-thread functionalities, it is very useful for small embedded systems with tiny memory size and it is simple to setup programming environment for multi-thread applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2000

The origin and developing process of Highland Dress as a Scottish national dress has been discussed in this study. Parameters affecting transformation process of Highland Dress from regional to national dress over the modernization period during 19 C was analyzed and compared by sociological aspect. Anthony Giddenss social change was applied and divided into three main factors such as political , economic and cultural analysis. The basic requirement of the theory of social change is visual recognization of any cultural changes. Highland Dress as a Scottish national dress has established during modernization in Europe within short period(18C -early 20C) and the Highland tartan as a military dress was transformed to be a civilian dress during 19-20 C. It shows social changes affecting on costume pattern and eventually costume in particular time could be an indicator of social changed. Throughout the study of the functional role of costume in Scotland is able to clarify the understanding of acculturation phenomenon through cultural, political and economic changes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1040-1048
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• 1987

We propose a hardware architecture called Multiring which is applicable for various geometrical operations on rectilinear objects such as design rule checking in VLSI layout and many image processing operations including noise suppression and coutour extraction. It has both a fast execution speed and extremely high flexibility. The whole architecture is mainly divided into four parts` I/O between host and Multiring, ring memory, linear processor array and instruction decoder. Data transmission between host and Multiring is bit serial thereby reducing the bandwidth requirement for teh channel and the number of external pins, while each row data in the bit map stored in ring memory is processed in the corresponding processor in full parallelism. Each processor is simultaneously configured by the instruction decoder/controller to perform one of the 16 basic instructions such as Boolean (AND, OR, NOT, and Copy), geometrical(Expand and Shrink), and I/O operations each ring cycle, which gives Multiring maximal flexibility in terms of design rule change or the instruction set enhancement. Correct functional behavior of Multiring was confirmed by successfully running a software simulator having one-to-one structural correspondence to the Multiring hardware.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2005

In this paper, we provide safety requirements and advices to guarantee the safety of an interface in a level crossing system which is an interface between the conventional facilities and the new ATP (Automatic Train Protection) system, as well as we accomplish a safety management for the facilities of a country that has a different standard with already standardized ATP system. The system model has been made based on a safety activity of the international standard, and then a tolerance of a risk by the safety activity through PHA (Preliminary Hazard Analysis) has been analyzed. finally we achieved HIA (Hazard Identification and Analysis) for the assumptions that have been produced from a operating scenario and a functional interface. Thus, the safety requirements for the interface has been provided from the safety plan of HIA, and we showed the safety activity to guarantee the system safety through HIA which was depend on the design.