• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.218-228
• /
• 2007

Modem concepts of gait rehabilitation after stroke favor a task-specific repetitive approach. In practice, the required physical effort of the therapists limits the realization of this approach. Therefore, a mechanized gait trainer enabling nonambulatory patients to have the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapists was constructed. In this study, we developed an active gait training system for patients with gait disorder. This system provides joint movements to patients who cannot carry out an independent gait. It provides a normal stance-swing ratio of 60:40 using an eccentric configuration of two gears. Joint motions of the knee and the ankle were evaluated with using the 3D motion analysis system and compared with the results from the multi-body dynamics simulation. In addition, clinical investigations were also performed for low stroke patients during the 6-week gait training. Results from the dynamics simulation showed that joint movements of the knee and the ankle were affected by the gear size, the step length and the length of the foot plate, except the radius of curvature of the foot guide plate. Also, the 6-week gait training revealed relevant improvements of the gait ability in all low subjects. Functional ambulation category levels of subjects after training were 2 in three patients and 1 in a patient. The developed active gait trainer seems feasible as an adjunctive tool in gait rehabilitation after stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.559-566
• /
• 2014

This is to understand the neurological dynamic cognitive processes of math learning based on the abstract mappings( level A2), abstract systems(level A3), and single principles(level A4), which are principles of Fischer's cognitive development theory. Math learning requires flexibility to adapt existing brain function in selecting new neurophysiological activities to learn desired knowledge. This study suggests a general statistical framework for the identification of neurological patterns in different abstract learning change with optimal support. We expected that functional brain networks derived from a simple math learning would change dynamically during the supportive learning associated with different abstract levels. Task based patterns of the brain structure and function on representations of underlying connectivity suggests the possible prediction for the success of the supportive learning.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 1999

Primary anterior teeth requiring extensive restorative therapy due to caries, trauma or developmental defects can present a particularly challenging problem for the pediatric dentist. The ideal restorative technique would combine strength, durability esthetics and efficiency in placement. Couple these concerns with the technical difficulties of operating on children with behavior management problems, and the dentist is left with the difficult task of choosing from a variety of restorative options. Restorative modalities currently in use to treat primary anterior teeth include bonding with composite resin as in celluloid strip crowns, conventional stainless steel crowns, open-faced stainless steel crowns, commercially and chairside veneered stainless steel crowns and epoxy-coated stainless steel crowns. Each of these techniques presents technical, functional or esthetic compromises that complicate their efficient and effective usage. This is a report of the results obtained at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry Seoul National University, through the use of these various methods of treating primary anterior teeth.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the effect of action observation training on sit to-walk times in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twelve stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups, as follows: an action observation training (AOT) group and a scenery picture observation (SPO) group. The AOT group was engaged in video observation for 2 minutes 30 seconds with 12 ADL functional activities related to the sit-to-walk task: physical training was carried out in two repetitions lasting 2 minutes 30 seconds. The landscape imagery control group observed landscape picture for 2 minutes 30 seconds and then carried out the same physical training. The intervention involved a total of 12 sessions over 4 weeks, and each session lasted 30 minutes. The pre and post-tests measured the timed up and go test (TUG), Sit to stand test (STS), and Dynamic gait index (DGI). The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare pre-test and post-test result, and the Mann-Whitney U test was employed for comparison between groups. Results: The TUG time was significantly different between the AOT group and the SPO group. According to the findings, the experimental group's TUG was significantly decreased (p<0.05). In comparison of the two groups, there was no significant in STS or DGI between the AOT group and SPO group. Conclusion: This study showed that the intervention can be used to decrease TUG time. Our research suggests that action observation training has a positive effect on sit-to-walk times in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the pain, range of motion (ROM), upper extremity task performance, and functional levels of patients after rotator cuff repair according to the timing of a closed chain exercise thereby presenting basic data for an effective rehabilitation program. METHODS: The intervention was applied three times per week, one hour per day, for four weeks to 40 participants, 78 of whom had undergone rotator cuff repair. The participants were divided into four groups and assigned to usual general physical therapy and an open chain exercise. Group I consisted of the open chain exercise only. The closed chain exercise was applied to group II after the 4 times, group III after the 7 times, group IV after the 10 times. Measurement were used ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS), box and block test (BBT), and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to test differences. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the internal/external rotation between group I and group II. The VAS significantly differed between group II and group I, group III, and group IV. The BBT results of group II and group I were significantly different compared to those of group IV. The SPADI significantly differed between group II and group I and between group II and group IV. CONCLUSION: The closed chain exercise was effective for patients following rotator cuff repair from the second week after active exercise was prescribed, verifying its applicability in rehabilitation programs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2002

Project plan and control is a highly skilled task which is vital for business success, and Project control systems are important for successful project execution. To support construction process management effectively, an integrated cost and schedule control function is required to collect quality data in a timely manner and to provide quality historical data for future planning of new projects. In Korea construction industry, the development and implementation cases of a project control system which to efficiently support construction project planning and controlling processes, have been increased to ensure a project success and the profitability of a construction company. To contribute to improving practical effectiveness of a project control system, the paper reviewed and analyzed the current trends and functional features of current project control systems. And it also described the pending issues and their solutions faced on previous project control systems.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.17
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2004

Project plan and control is a highly skilled task which is vital for business success, and Project control systems are important for successful project execution. To support construction process management effectively, an integrated cost and schedule control function is required to collect quality data in a timely manner and to provide quality historical data for future planning of new projects. In Korea construction industry, the development and implementation cases of a project control system which to efficiently support construction project planning and controlling processes, have been increased to ensure a project success and the profitability of a construction company. To contribute to improving practical effectiveness of a project control system, the paper reviewed and analyzed the current trends and functional features of current project control systems. And it also described the pending issues and their solutions faced on previous project control systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2012

목적 : 본 연구는 척수손상환자들 중 신체활동 정도가 급격하게 차이 나는 운동 선수군과 비선수군의 일상생활동작과 골밀도를 비교 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방법 : 본 연구를 위해 20명(선수 10명, 비선수 10명)의 SCI 환자가 실험에 참가하였다. 골밀도 측정을 위해 이중에너지 방사선골밀도 측정기(Lunar Prodigy, GE Healthcare. England)를 이용하여 종골부위(calcaneus)의 골밀도를 측정하였다. 척수손상환자의 일상 생활 기능을 측정하기 위해 자조관리(self care), 호흡과 괄약근 조절 (respiration and sphincter management task), 이동(transfer)의 세 영역으로 나누어진 SCIM II(Spinal Cord Injury Measurement II)을 이용하였다. 척수손상환자들 중 운동 선수군과 비운동 선수군의 일상생활 동작과 골밀도를 비교 하기 위해 SPSS 14.0 통계 프로그램의 independent t-test를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였고 일상생활 동작과 골밀도의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation을 실시하였다. 유의수준은 ${\alpha}$=.05로 통계처리 하였다. 결과 : 검사 결과 선수군이 비선수군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 큰 SCIM 점수와 T-score를 보여주었다. 결론 : 일상생활동작을 측정하기 위하여 SCIM II(SpinalCordIndependenceMeasureII) 척도를 사용하였는데 선수군이 비선수군에 비해 유의하게 높은 SCIM II 총점을 나타내어 운동을 통한 훈련이 척수손상환자의 기능적 활동을 향상시킬 수 있다고 사료된다. 그리고 골밀도 측정 결과 선수군이 비선수군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 골밀도를 나타내었다. 이 역시 강도 높은 훈련이 척수손상환자에게 나타날 수 있는 신체구성을 강화시켜줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 운동을 통한 재활 중에서 그 강도가 높을수록 신체의 구성적, 기능적 측면 뿐 아니라 신경의 가소성 측면에서도 증가를 기대해 볼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2005

If remodeling is defined as activities that restore the overall function of a building up to the standards currently demanded rather than as a simple replacement or repair of old facilities and equipment, the main task of remodeling should be the reduction in differences between areas, establishment of a functional linkage between departments and setup of a smooth circulation system. Therefore, this study is an analysis of remodeling strategies and construction processes to resolve major tasks of remodeling. Through this research we acquire concluding remarks. 1) The remodeling strategies of equipment-intensive areas can be divided into two measures: utilizing the existing buildings (the main buildings) the most, and of concentrated relocation in the new buildings. The former method is advantageous in that the main building serves as a center in hospital layouts because concentrated placement of the diagnosis/ treatment area and the supply area benefit the overall operation in terms of functions. However, the measure has limits in that it is difficult to install the facilities and equipment of the new demands due to the low ceilings, which serve as a potential challenge in future growth and changes. 2) The latter measure is the one in which equipment-intensive areas and the areas that are absolutely short of space are first placed in the new buildings while other areas (the outpatient area, the administration area and the miscellaneous areas) are in the existing building (main building). Given the possibility of development In the future, concentrated placement in the new buildings can be said to be more effective order to actively address future growth and changes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2014

IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the most widely adopted physical layer standards in the area of LR-WPAN(Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network). Numerous previous researches have contributed to deep insights on energy efficiency, transmission throughput, and reliability that IEEE 802.15.4 delivers to the LR-WPAN. As a research that is orthogonal and complementary to previous researches, we explore the implementation and practical performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC software. We implement the MAC software from the perspective of the networking stack, exploring the issues raised when the MAC software serves as a functional component in a complete networking stack consisting of MAC, network as well as well as application support layers. The performance is evaluated on a realistic experimental software environment integrated with operating system, networking stack, and applications.