• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

This paper aims to clarify the spatial form and functional characteries of traditional market place in Seomjin river. The objects of this study are Gokseong, Gurye, Soonchang, and Okgok market place. The results are as follows. First, the form of the traditional market that it was open focusing on large open space of a village was maintained until now. Second, the spatial form of a market place surrounds market-shop located at the center of a market, and a permanent market-store is located in a line. Spatial element important for constituting a market place is three, market-shop, stall, and the mall of market place, and each spatial element is functioning in linkage. The unit space of market-shop is mainly determined by between pillars, and a store is opened. And the same type of industry adjoins, and market-shop's forms a fixed domain and is distributed. The stall is located with many kinds and forms at street mall, and it is taking charge of the important function of trade.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Construction of the Pyongyang Railroad Station began in 1907 as an important foothold for the Japanese colonization of the Korean Peninsula and the further invasion of Manchuria. As Pyongyang gradually grew in size and political significance, the Pyongyang Station came to have two responsibilities: Fulfill its functional role and serve as a monument to the growing dignity of the city. This study argues that the Pyongyang Station, newly rebuilt in 1958, was the first building to solve the demands for both functional expansion and the pursuit of monumentality. Stylistically, the original single-story wooden building became a three-story classical masonry building. The stylistic change symbolizes the political shift by which the building was reconstructed. The simple wooden building built by the Japanese, representing Pyongyang's status as a colonial provincial town, was transformed into an imposing gateway for the capital city of a newly born socialist state. Socialist Realism, correctly described by its slogan "socialist in content and national in form," harmoniously blended classical architecture, socialist symbols, and Korean local motifs. This study is significant in that it illustrates the historical changes and continuity of the Pyongyang Station from 1907, when it was first built, through the "liberated space" to the postwar reconstruction period of the 1950s.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

Large-capacity public transportation systems, represented by urban metro lines, are the key to alleviating the significant increase in urbanization and motorization in China. But to improve the agglomeration effect of metro stations in a more accurate and targeted way requires scientific evaluation and classification of the surrounding areas of metro stations. As spatial and functional design are the core factors for urban renewal design, this study took Beijing as an example, using multi-source data to evaluate the morphology and functional composition surrounding areas of metro stations, and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix was used to classify and characterize each type of surrounding areas from morphological-functional dimensions. It shows a negative correlation of the mix-use index with the floor area ratio, and only about 20% of the areas achieve the ideal situation of high construction intensity with high mix-use diversity. Hoping to provide a reference for city managers and designers in dealing with the surrounding metro stations with different construction intensities in a more precise way.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.713-728
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• 2023

This paper aims to investigate the free vibration analysis of FG plates, taking into account the effects of even and uneven porosity. The study employs the Hellinger-Reisner functional and obtains the element's bending stress and membrane stress fields from the analytical solution of the governing equations of the thick plate and plane problem, respectively. The displacement field serves as the second independent field. While few articles on free vibration analysis of circular plates exist, this paper investigates the free vibration of both rectangular and circular plates. After validating the proposed element, the paper investigates the effects of porosity distributions on the natural frequency of the FG porous plate. The study calculates the natural frequency of thin and thick bending plates with different aspect ratios and support conditions for various porosity and volume fraction index values. The study uses three types of porosity distributions, X, V, and O, for the uneven porosity distribution case. For O and V porosity distribution modes, porosity has a minor effect on the natural frequency for both circular and rectangular plates. However, in the case of even porosity distribution or X porosity distribution, the effect of porosity on the natural frequency of circular and rectangular plates increases with an increase in the volume fraction index.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present basic data on installation location, functional connection, and arrangement to be considered when planning a neonatal intensive care unit in a certified tertiary general hospital. Method: Review the facility standards related to the neonatal intensive care unit, such as laws and guidelines, and select a Certified Tertiary General Hospital as a case hospital among the Neonatal Intensive Care Regional Centers designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to analyze the placement characteristics of major NICU components such as the location of the NICU installation, the connection of movement between adjacent facilities and functions, and the treatment room and accessory room. Results and Implications: NICU is a facility for critically ill babies among newborns and needs to consider more about infection and patient management compared to adult intensive care units, which not only install close to delivery-related facilities to enable immediate action after childbirth, but also divide the treatment room into open rooms and allow access to the attached rooms through dedicated corridors to minimize movement in the treatment room.

• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2016

Architectural utility in Richard Neutra's early twentieth century modern school design was paramount in progressively shaping salience of academic institutions, in part to move beyond neoclassical traditions in style based design. The intention being to address school and community through modern architectural solutions. Expanding on Neutra's practice, the planning and design of new public schools in Los Angeles, are advocating the integration of institutional and public spaces. This research will document through qualitative analysis of institutional design within transitioning neighborhoods, a utilitarian approach that has become foundational for positive urban change. The focus of this research will reflect upon contemporary schools designed by DalyGenik Architecture, Coop Himmelblau and Michael Maltzen Architecture. Comparing with Neutra's early modernist approach, the selected case studies will address material and spatial applications having redefined functional relationships of interior space, architectural envelope and an interconnected public realm. A dynamic peripheral condition in new school design has emerged with the elimination of decorative adornment, clarifying utilitarian intentions of institutional service to and the rejuvenation of public realms and community spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.136-142
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• 2004

This paper deals with the design and implementation of an open architecture CNC system for Wire-EDM, with a consideration of the difference between Wire-EDM and NC cutting machines. Recent open architecture controller(OAC) related research results could be applied to directly access Wire-EDM systems at the CNC level. However, previous research about OAC is mostly aimed at NC cutting machines such as milling or lathes, and hence these results are inadequate to apply to Wire-EDM. To close the gap between previous general research on OAC and Wire-EDM specific needs, an open architecture NC model for Wire-EDM composed of a synchronization kernel and a NC functional module is proposed. Based on the control information flow and Wire-EDM specific machining process, the conceptual CNC model and the detailed implementation model for Wire-EDM is suggested.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2007

Hospital architectures, as a function-oriented architecture, have a great influences on the functional program and spacial allocation for a great number of rooms and departments. Particularly, spacial allocating analysis is depends on various external forces, such as hospital-size, relationships for the others, ownerships, operating methods, long-term masterplan as well as researchers' methods. Furthermore, as there is focusing on architectural design basis rather than architectural planning In recent Korean architectural field, adequate analysing methodology of spacial allocation for the design process is needed. This paper analyzes architectural drawings for 8 Korean hospitals which constructed in recent 20 years in aspects of the spacial allocation for inner spaces and then, presents areal composition and pattern of spacial allocation for researching hospitals.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

Domestic hospital architectures were developed with the nation's industrialization after 1960s. Particularly, with the rapidly growing healthcare demands according to The National Health Insurance Plan which was introduced in 1977 and expanded to entire nation in 1989, the number of healthcare facility is also increasing according to the expansion of the existing facilities and construction of new buildings. Now, twenty to thirty years were past since that growing period of healthcare architecture. Many hospitals are facing on the phase of restructuring and modernization for their resources. J university hospital is a representative case of hospital development which the growth of facility was stopped by insufficient site area. This study, analysing its past statistics and drawing data of that hospital, presents the characteristics of the changes and basic data of the master planning for the future hospital development.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.13-20
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• 2002

This study is purposed to find fundamental characteristics in Grassi's architecture which has architectural principles in architecture itself and in the general frame of the historical facts of architecture. His architectural theories can be explained for rationality, historicity, universality. The method of architectural composition can be divided into urban morphological characteristic and compositional characteristic of architecture. The characteristics of the former are the reconstruction of the urban structure by the readjustment of an urban axis which is based on historical continuity of the city, the open court which is a passage transformed from colonnade that is the historical vernacular type and the respect for the city-line which goes with historical context. The characteristics of the latter are the use transformed of nine square which gives consideration to centrality and typology at the same time and the hierarchic division of the principal space and the subordinate space for the functional typical purpose. This analysis shows that Grassi's architecture is on the base of historical continuity and urban reality and for him architectural work is mental work which conflict with the real world for the reconstruction of the city.