• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on anxiety and immune function in patients who had gynecology surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group with pre-and posttest design. Data were collected from June 5 to October 6, 2010. Participants included 20 patients in the aroma hand massage group, 20 patients in a hand massage group, and 20 in a control group. As an experimental treatment, hand massage was carried out following the hand massage protocol. Measures consisted of the State Trait Anxiety, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for anxiety, vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate), and salivary cortisol for anxiety, and immunoglobulin A for immune function. Results: Aroma hand massage and hand massage group showed lower levels in NRS for anxiety, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate (p<.001) compared to controls. No group differences were found for state anxiety, salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A. Conclusion: The results indicate that aroma hand massage and hand massage are effective in reducing anxiety and can be complementary alternative interventions for women having gynecology surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.580-590
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• 2003

Purpose: The study investigates the degree of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants. Method: A retrospective cohort design was applied to compare the variables of interest between a group of 73 mothers with normal birth weight infants and a group of 45 mothers with low birth-weight infants, using the maternal self-report inventory(MSRV), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and Family APGAR(FAPGAR). Result: The total mean score was 82.57 for MSRV, 8.45 for EPDS, and 6.83 for FAPGAR with no differences between two groups. A positive correlation was found between MSRV and FAPGAR, while a negative correlations between MSRV and EPDS, and FAPGAR and EPDS. Regardless of the direction of the relationship, the degrees of the correlations were stronger in low birth-weight mothers group than in normal group. Conclusion: No differences in MSRV, EPDS and FAPGAR between the normal and the low birth-weight group considered as beneficial effects of the follow-up management which low birth-weight group was engaged in. This suggested the early intervention(follow-up) for the family with risk factor(low birth-weight) could reduce negative outcomes such as the impaired maternal self-esteem and family function, and the occurrence of postpartal depression, retrospectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short neck flexor strengthening in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing function in patients with chronic stroke and to provide basic data for swallowing rehabilitation in stroke patients. Method : The study involved 30 chronic stroke patients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ General Hospital in Daegu Metropolitan City between March and July, 2017. The subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). Both groups underwent traditional swallowing rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes five times a week over a six-week period. The experimental group performed short neck flexor exercises, which are part of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, for 30 minutes three times a week over a six-week period. The control group performed neuromuscular electrical stimulation for 30 minutes three times a week over a six-week period. Based on its results, changes in the patients' swallowing function and degree of food intake were analyzed. Result : In terms of the ASHA NOMS scale and new VFSS scale, the experimental group and the control group showed statistically significant changes in ten sub-items and six sub-items, respectively. Statistically significant differences in one sub-item were found between the groups. Conclusion : PNF-based short neck flexion exercise appear to be effective at improving swallowing function of stroke patients with dysphagia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 1998

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the modes of therapeutic intervention. The emphasis is on the neurophysiological perpective arising out of neurological principles and developmental concepts. The obtained results are as follows. 1. The important hypostheses predicted that the group intervened by neurodevelopmental approach would improve motor function better than the group done by traditional approach and it was proved that neurodevelopmental approach was more effective in gross motor region(P<.01) 2. In the comparison of type of involovement, neurodevelopmental intervention group in spastic type showed improvements in the region of gross motor.(P<.001) 3. In the comparision of degree of disorder, neurodevelopmental intervention group showed improvement of motor function in all the gross motor region in the mild, moderate and severe case.(P<.001) 4. In the comparison of ages of intervention beginning, the group of child between 25-36, 49-60 and 61-72 months(P<.001) intervened by neurodevelopmental approach showed improvements of motor function. 5. In the comparison of intervention duration, neurodevelopmental intervention group showed improvements of motor function in gross motor region according to intervention durstion(P<.001)

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of table tennis program on self efficacy, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipids, catalase activity in the physical disabilities. Method: Physical disabilities were allocated to one of two groups: control group (n=7), experiment group (n=8). The experiment group took table tennis program four times a week for 12 weeks. Self efficacy was measured by questionnaire. Serum lipid profiles, catalase and cardiopulmonary function were checked after the exercise program and compared with pre-exercise data. Result: Self efficacy was significantly higher in the table tennis group. Maximum oxygen consumption and forced vital capacity were significantly increased and heart rate at rest was decreased in the table tennis group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in the table tennis group. There was no significant change in catalase activity between two groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that table tennis program has positive effects on the health of the physical disabilities by improving the self efficacy and cardiopulmonary function and serum cholesterol profile.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2020

Purpose: To identify the effect of breathing training on the physical function and psychological problems in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: In total, 26 patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group, who underwent breathing training and neurodevelopmental treatment, and the control group, who underwent neurodevelopmental treatment (13 patients per group). Physical function was evaluated using the balance and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Psychological problems were assessed using the Depression. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). ADLs were measured using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The BBS, MBI, and BDI were recorded before and after the 4-week treatment. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for BBS, MBI and BDI after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in BBS, MBI and BDI than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that breathing training was effective improvement physical function, and psychological problems in patients with chronic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop spaced retrieval training as a nursing intervention for patients having an mild alzheimer's disease and to determine the effects of the program on their memory and cognitive function across training sessions. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre test-post test design was used in this study. Participants were recruited from a local community: 14 patients were allocated into experimental group and 12 patients were allocated into control group. The experimental group was asked to participate in spaced retrieval training over 4 weeks, with seven times a week and 1 hour a session based. The study was conducted from June 20, 2011 to July 17, 2011. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test and t-test using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: After spaced retrieval training, the experimental group showed significant increases in scores for memory (t=12.40, p<.001) and cognitive function (t=7.69, p<.001) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Spaced retrieval training was effective in increasing cognitive function and memory of patients having mild alzheimer's disease. Therefore spaced retrieval training could be benefit the mild alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-39
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• 1989

This paper is to determine the clothing and footwear of urban household consumption expenditures and an analysis of historical data from relevant literature. Particularly, time-series and cross sectional analysis techniques are adopted in analysing the patterns of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures of urban households. Finally, this paper estimates consumption expenditures in the future by comparing these revealed data with the Korea and Japan. Annual Report on the family Income and Expenditure Survey and M.R.A. in S.P.S.S. were used. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of the clothing and footwear expenditure has decreased with the increase of income in urban household during 1976-1987. 2.1) Household consumption function by Income group, the Lower group is higher than the other group. 2) Household consumption function by Occupation of household head. Income elasticity estimation in administrative managerial workers is higher than the other group. 3) Household consumption function by Family size. Income elasticity estimation in 6 Persons is higher than the other group. But 4 Persons is higher in 1986. 4) Household consumption function by Age of household head. Income elasticity estimation in 50 Years and over is higher than the other group. 3. Comparison of characteristics of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures in Korea and Japan were M.R.A. Generally, the priority correlation order for Korea is Outwear, Sweaters and Shirt, Other clothing. For Japan, the order is Sweaters and Shirts, Underwear, Services.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2000

This study is aimed to determine the cardiovascular function response to maximal exercise of chronic low back pain patients(N=13) and normal group(N=13). by using BRUCE PROTOCOL, subjects underwent tredmill exercise test. Their cardiovascular function responses during rest and after maximal exercise were compared The responses were analyzed using t-test for SPSS 7.0 program. The Cardiovascular function variables employed at rest time(Vo2, HR. Vo2/kg, VE, Vco2.) and all out time(Vo2peak. HRpeak, Vo2peak/kg, VEpeak. Vco2peak). Result show that : 1 There was no significant difference in Vo2 between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Volpeak was observed after maximal exercise( p<.05). 2. There was no significant difference in HR between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. No significant difference in HRpeak likewise observed. 3. There was no significant difference in Vo2/kg between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Vo2peak/kg was observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05). 4. There was no significance in VE between chronic low bark pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in VEpeak observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05).

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to prove the effects of the net-step exercise (NSE) on gait ability, depression, cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 64 community-dwelling older adults were recruited and divided equally into two groups; 32 subjects for an experimental group and 32 subjects for a control group. In the experimental group, the NSE was applied to an hour, two times per week for 4 weeks. The level of gait ability, depression, cognitive function and ADL were measured before and after NSE. The study conducted from July to August, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS/WIN 22.0 version. Results: Gait ability, depression, cognitive function were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings in this study showed that the NSE was an efficient intervention for older adults. Nurses could apply non-pharmacological interventions to avoid pharmacological side-effects.