• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2020

This study presents an initial design for a novel system consisting in a coupled nuclear reactor and a phase change material-based thermal energy storage (TES) component, which acts as a buffer and regulator of heat transfer between the primary and secondary loops. The goal of this concept is to enhance the capacity factor of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the case of high integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Hence, this system could support in elevating the economics of NPPs in current competitive markets, especially with subsidized solar and wind energy sources, and relatively low oil and gas prices. Furthermore, utilizing a prismatic-core advanced high temperature reactor (PAHTR) cooled by a molten salt with a high melting point, have the potential in increasing the system efficiency due to its high operating temperature, and providing the baseline requirements for coupling other process heat applications. The present research studies the neutronics and thermal hydraulics (TH) of the PAHTR as well as TH calculations for the TES which consists of 300 blocks with a total heat storage capacity of 150 MWd. SERPENT Monte Carlo and MCNP5 codes carried out the neutronics analysis of the PAHTR which is sized to have a 5-year refueling cycle and rated power of 300 MW_th. The PAHTR has 10 metric tons of heavy metal with 19.75 wt% enriched UO₂ TRISO fuel, a hot clean excess reactivity and shutdown margin of $33.70 and -$115.68; respectively, negative temperature feedback coefficients, and an axial flux peaking factor of 1.68. Star-CCM + code predicted the correct convective heat transfer coefficient variations for both the reactor and the storage. TH analysis results show that the flow in the primary loop (in the reactor and TES) remains in the developing mixed convection regime while it reaches a fully developed flow in the secondary loop.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 1992

우리 나라 축사는 생산효율 제고를 위하여 대형화, 밀폐화, 고밀도화, 자동화 경향이 뚜렷하다. 대형의 밀폐된 고밀도 축사는 쾌적한 실내환경을 전제로 하기 때문에 기계적으로 실내환경을 적절히 제어하지 않으면 안된다. 제한된 공간에 먼지, 병원성 미생물, 유해기체, 수분이나 열의 과도한 집적은 생산과 재생산효율에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 축사내 생산주체인 가축과 작업인이 쾌적한 실내환경에서 생산활동을 할 수 있도록 열적, 화학적/생물학적 환경을 물리적으로 제어하지 않으면 안된다. 본 연구는 실험축사내 가축이 일정한 열을 발생할 때 실내공기의 유동형태를 예측하기 위해서 수행하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 실내환경제어를 위한 환기시스템 책략 개발의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다. 실험축사내의 공기유동을 예측하기 위해 Body-Fitted Coordinate(BFC)의 격자배열과 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형 및 SIMPLE계열 solution scheme을 사용하였으며, 예측의 유효성 검정은 Boon(1978)의 실험결과를 이용하였다. 예측한 공기유동의 형태와 실험한 공기유동의 형태를 비교한 결과 대체로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 유입공기의 온도가 1$0^{\circ}C$인 경우의 공기유동은 실험유동형태와 약간의 차이가 있었다. 즉, 실험에서는 수평슬롯으로 유입 된 공기가 바로 아래로 굴절되어 유동하였으나, 예측의 결과는 일정 거리로 수평방향으로 유동하다가 아래로 굴절하였다. 이런 유동의 차이는 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형 자체가 경험적으로 부력에 민감하게 반응않는 결함이 원인이 될 수도 있으며, 실험의 부적절한 수행이 원인이 될 수도 있다. 이 유동의 경우 Reynolds 수가 3,000정도의 난류이며, 완전발달유동 (fully-developed flow)이므로 관성력 (inertia force)이 부력 (buoyancy force)보다 커, 일정거리 수평으로 유동하다가 아래로 굴절할 수도 있기 때문이다. 앞으로 이를 규명하기 위한 보다 깊이 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

The objective of the present study is to predict the characteristics of the fire and smoke propagations in a clean room. Numerical calculations have been performed by using the finite volume method to obtain temperature and velocity distributions in the clean room. In odor to account for the turbulent flow characteristics, the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is used. From this study, it was found that the fire propagation could be fully developed only after 150 seconds when the ventilation system in the clean room was off. And the smoke mass fraction showed a similar distribution as the gas temperature. Since the simulated fire was proceeded up to $20{\sim}30%$ of the room within 60 seconds. it could be recommended that the occupants should be evacuated from the room within 30 seconds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2005

The flow in a microchannel is usually characterized as a low Reynolds number (Re) so that good mixing is quite difficult to be achieved. In this regard, we developed a novel chaotic micromixer, named Serpentine Laminating Micromixer (SLM) in the present study, Part 1. In the SLM, the higher level of chaotic mixing can be achieved by combining two general chaotic mixing mechanisms: splitting/recombination and chaotic advection. The splitting and recombination (in other term, lamination) mechanism is obtained by the successive arrangement of 'F'-shape mixing units in two layers. The chaotic advection is induced by the overall three-dimensional serpentine path of the microchannel. Chaotic mixing performance of the SLM was fully characterized numerically. To compare the mixing performance, a T-type micromixer which has the same width, height and length of the SLM was also designed. The three-dimensional numerical mixing simulations show the superiority of the SLM over the T-type micromixer. From the cross-sectional simulation results of mixing patterns, the chaotic advection effect from the serpentine channel path design acts favorably to realize the ideal lamination of fluid flow as Re increases. Chaotic mixing mechanism, proposed in this study, could be easily integrated in Micro-Total-Analysis-System, Lab-on-a-Chip and so on.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

This study carried out a series of experiments involving impact tests (Drop Weight type & Charpy type with a standard specimen and newly designed I-type specimen), hardness tests, and fracture surface observations of French-made roll shell steel (F), abnormal roll shell steel (M), reheated roll shell steel (R), and S25C steel under heat treatment conditiAn experimental study was carried out to study the solid-liquid mixture upward hydraulic transport of solid particles in vertical and inclined annuli with a rotating inner cylinder. The lift forces acting on a fluidized particle play a central role in many important applications such as the removal of drill cuttings in horizontal drill holes, sand transport in fractured reservoirs, sediment transport, the cleaning of particles from surfaces, etc. In this study a clear acrylic pipe was used to observe the movement of solid particles. Annular velocities varied from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s. The effect of the annulus inclination and drill pipe rotation on the carrying capacity of a drilling fluid, particle rising velocity, and pressure drop in a slim hole annulus were measured for fully-developed flows of water and aqueous solutions of CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and bentonite. The rotation of the inner cylinder was efficient at carrying particles to some degree. For a higher particle volume concentration, the hydraulic pressure loss of the mixture flow increased because of the friction between the wall and solids or between solids.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2465-2470
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• 2008

A new surface shape of an internal cooling passage which largely reduces the pressure drop and enhances the surface heat transfer is proposed in the present study. The surface shape of the cooling passage is consisted of the concave dimple and the riblet inside the dimple which is protruded along the stream-wise direction. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for the fully developed turbulent flow and thermal fields in the cooling passage is conducted. The Numerical simulations for the 5 different surface shapes are conducted at the Reynolds number of 2800 based on the mean bulk velocity and channel height and Prandtl number of 0.71. The driving pressure gradient is adjusted to keep a constant mass flow rate in the x direction. The thermo-aerodynamic performance for the 5 different cases used in the present study was assessed in terms of the drag, Nusselt number, Fanning friction factor, Volume and Area goodness factor in the cooling passage. The value of maximum ratio of drag reduction is -22.86 [%], and the value of maximum ratio of Nusselt number augmentation is 7.05 [%] when the riblet angle is $60^{\circ}$ (Case5). The remarkable point is that the ratio of Nusselt number augmentation has the positive value for the surface shapes which have over $45^{\circ}$ of the riblet angle. The maximum Volume and Area goodness factor are obtained when the riblet angle is $60^{\circ}$ (Case5).

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 2021

The present study aims to investigate the interaction of a wire-type turbulence stimulator and the laminar boundary layer on a flat plate by flow field measurement. For the towing tank tests, a one-dimensional Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) attached on a two-axis traverse was used to measure the streamwise velocity component of the boundary layer flow in zero pressure gradient, disturbed by a turbulence stimulator. The wire diameter was 0.5 and 1.0 mm according to the recommended procedures and guidelines suggested by the International Towing Tank Conference. Turbulence development by the stimulator was identified by the skin friction coefficient, mean and Root Mean Square (RMS) of the streamwise velocity. The laminar boundary layer with the absence of the wire-type stimulator was similar to the Blasius solution and previous experimental results. By the stimulator, the mean and RMS of the streamwise velocity were increased near the wall, showing typical features of the fully developed turbulent boundary layer. The critical Reynolds number was reduced from 2.7×10⁵ to 1.0×10⁵ by the disturbances caused by the wire. As the wire diameter and the roughness Reynolds number (Rek) increased, the disturbances by the stimulator increased RMS of the streamwise velocity than turbulent boundary layer.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 2021

Successful sediment management at the watershed scale requires an understanding of the erosion, transport and sedimentation processes at the specific site scale. However, studies on the sediment runoff characteristics in a small uppermost watershed, which serves as a sediment supply function, are very rare. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the fluctuations in major sediment supply areas and sediment runoff in the uppermost mountain small watershed, and for this purpose, ArcSWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools with GIS interface) was applied to the Woldong reservoir catchment located in Gosam-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. The model results were manually calibrated using the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir sedimentation rate from 2005 to 2007. It was estimated that annual average of 34.4 tons/year of sediment was discharged from the Woldong reservoir basin. This estimate almost coincided with the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir during the low flow period but tended to be somewhat underestimated during the high flow period. Although the SWAT model does not fully reflect the erosion process of gully and in-channel, this underestimation is probably due to the spatial connectivity of sediment transport and the storage and reactivation of the sediment being transported. Most of the forested hillslopes with a well-developed organic horizon were evaluated as having a low risk of erosion, while the places with the highest risk of erosion were predicted to be distributed in the logged area with some weeds or shrubs (classified as pasture) with relatively steeper slopes, and in the bare land. The results of this study are expected to be useful in developing strategies for sediment control and reservoir management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3B
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• pp.293-303
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• 2011

An efficient diagonalized approximate factorization algorithm (DAF) is developed for the solution of three-dimensional incompressible viscous flows. The pressure-based, artificial compressibility (AC) method is used for calculating steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The AC form of the governing equations is discretized in space using a second-order-accurate finite volume method. The present DAF method is applied to derive a second-order accurate splitting of the discrete system of equations. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the computational efficiency of the present DAF method. The solutions of the DAF method are evaluated relative to those of well-known four-stage Runge-Kutta (RK4) method for fully developed and developing laminar flows in curved square ducts and a laminar flow in a cavity. While converged solutions obtained by DAF and RK4 methods on the same computational meshes are essentially identical because of employing the same discrete schemes in space, both algorithms shows significant discrepancy in the computing efficiency. The results reveal that the DAF method requires substantially at least two times less computational time than RK4 to solve all applied flow fields. The increase in computational efficiency of the DAF methods is achieved with no increase in computational resources and coding complexity.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2014

This paper provides a practical scaling method to solve an old problem for scaling and developing the speed and resistance of a model to full-scale submarine in fully submerged underwater test. In every experimental test in towing tank, water tunnel and wind tunnel, in the first step, the speed of a model should be scaled to the full-scale vessel (ship or submarine). In the second step, the obtained resistance of the model should be developed. For submarine, there are two modes of movement: surface and submerged mode. There is no matter in surface mode because, according to Froude's law, the ratio of speed of the model to the full-scale vessel is proportional to the square root of lengths (length of the model on the length of the vessel). This leads to a reasonable speed and is not so much for the model that is applicable in the laboratory. The main problem is in submerged mode (fully submerged) that there isn't surface wave effect and therefore, Froude's law couldn't be used. Reynold's similarity is actually impossible to implement because it leads to very high speeds of the model that is impossible in a laboratory and inside the water. According to Reynold's similarity, the ratio of speed of the model to the full-scale vessel is proportional to the ratio of the full-scale length to the model length that leads to a too high speed. This paper proves that there is no need for exact Reynold's similarity because after a special Reynolds, resistance coefficient remains constant. Therefore, there is not compulsion for high speeds of the model. For proving this finding, three groups of results are presented: two cases are based on CFD method, and one case is based on the model test in towing tank. All these three results are presented for three different shapes that can show; this finding is independent of the shapes and geometries. For CFD method, Flow Vision software has been used.