• 제목/요약/키워드: Full-scale laboratory test

검색결과 124건 처리시간 0.024초

1/5 스케일 축소대차 모델 임계속도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Critical Speed of 1/5 Scaled Bogie Model)

  • 허현무;박준혁;김민수;유원희;박태원
    • 한국철도학회논문집
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.800-805
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    • 2007
  • 철도차량용 대차의 한계 성능에 대한 검증은 설계 검증 및 안전성 확보관점에서 매우 중요하다. 차량의 안정성과 관련된 대차의 임계속도는 차량 개발 단계에서 총상 주행시험대를 이용하여 시험을 수행한다. 그러나 실물 대차를 이용한 시험과정에서 다양한 시제차량 제작 및 시험 조건 설정의 어려움, 시험 소요시간의 과다 등에 의한 단점을 내포한다. 따라서 철도 선진국등에선 과거 오래전부터 축소모델을 이용한 차량 개발 연구가 활발하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대차의 임계속도 및 동적 거동 분석을 위하여 상사기법을 적용한 축소대차를 제작하였고 이를 시험하기 위한 축소 주행 시험대를 개발하였다. 축소대차 임계속도에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였으면 주행시험대상에서의 임계속도 시험을 통하여 해석결과가 시험결과에 부합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

총인슬러지의 1차 침전지 반송에 따른 하수처리장 고형물 제거특성 연구 (Evaluation of Solids Removal Characteristics on Sewage Treatment Plants Using T-P sludge Return into the Primary Settling Tank)

  • 김종오;정동기;권혜정;황준석
    • 한국수처리학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the solids removal characteristics using T-P sludge generated from PACl coagulation were analyzed by laboratory scale and full scale experiment. As the amounts of T-P sludge injection into the raw sewage influent increased at the rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 %, the suspended solids concentrations after 20 minutes setting test decreased to 210, 137, 91, 64, 43 mg/L, respectively. The filtration time required for dewatering test of the raw sewage influent decreased to 982, 728, 658, 581, 492 sec for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4% of T-P sludge injection, respectively. As the amounts of PACl coagulant into the effluent from final setting tank increased at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/L, the required filtration times for T-P sludge increased into 12.3, 41.7, 53.7, 67.2, 79.5 sec and the dewaterability of T-P sludge decreased. After T-P sludge returned into the primary settling tank on J-si sewage treatment plants, the effluent concentrations of COD, SS, T-N and T-P from primary settling tank into bioreactor decreased by 35.9, 27.9, 22.2, and 52.6% due to the coagulation effects of the T-P sludge. Finally, it was found that the return of T-P sludge into the primary settling tank could result into the sludge reduction having a lower water content of 3.03% p than in case of the only T-P sludge dehydration.

실규모 실험을 이용한 그라운드 앵커의 거동 특성 평가 (Evaluation of Characteristics of Ground Anchor Using Large Scale Laboratory Test)

  • 이상래;설승환
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제24권11호
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2023
  • 그라운드 앵커 공법은 최근 깎기 비탈면과 교대 등의 보강을 목적으로 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그라운드 앵커는 구조물의 사용연한 이상의 내구성을 확보하여야 하지만 국내 고속도로에 시공된 대부분의 앵커에서 장기적인 긴장력 손실이 발생하여 안정성이 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 실규모 모형실험을 통하여 긴장력 감소원인에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 실험결과 물-결합재 비가 55%가 되는 시점부터 부착력의 감소현상이 나타났으며, 인장쐐기의 영향으로 강연선 파단강도의 14%의 감소현상이 나타났다. 지반강도, 앵커형식, 지하수의 유무에 따라 극한인발력이 차이를 보였으며, 특히 지하수의 유무는 그라우트의 강도 및 품질에 관여하여 앵커의 거동특성에 미치는 영향이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 장기거동에서는 초기 정착이 안정되는 시점까지 급격하게 하중이 감소하다가 이후에는 일정하게 긴장력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

전극의 기하학적 형상이 전기비저항 탐사에 미치는 영향: 수치 해석 연구 (Influence of electrode geometry on electrical resistivity survey: Numerical study)

  • 김태영;이승훈;류희환;정성훈
    • 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.101-120
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    • 2023
  • 전기비저항 탐사 방법은 매질의 표면에 관입된 두 전극의 전위차와 전류와의 관계를 통해 전기 저항을 측정하고, 형상 계수를 이용하여 매질의 고유한 특성인 전기비저항을 계산한다. 현장 및 실대형 크기의 전기비저항 실험은 전극과 매질 사이의 접촉 면적이 적고, 전극 간 거리가 충분하기 때문에 계산상 편의를 위해서 동일한 표면적을 가진 반구형으로 치환하여 전기비저항을 산정한다. 하지만, 실내 소규모 크기의 전기비저항 실험은 전극의 지오메트리(전극의 관입 깊이, 전극사이의 거리, 전극의 길이와 반지름 크기)로 인해서, 등전위면과 전류 흐름이 달라지게 되므로, 궁극적으로 전기비저항값의 오차를 야기한다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 유도된 4가지 전극 형상(반구, 원기둥, 반구형 팁을 가진 원기둥, 콘형 팁을 가진 원기둥)에 따른 전기 저항 이론식을 정리하고, 전극 형상을 고려한 전기 저항 수치 해석을 실시하였으며, 이론식과 수치 해석 결과들의 비교를 통해서 개발된 수치 해석 모듈을 검증하였다. 또한, 각 전극 형상에 따른 전극 주변과 전극사이에 형성된 전기 저항 분포를 분석하였다. 추가적으로, 현장 전기비저항 탐사에서 주로 사용되는 콘형 팁을 가진 원기둥 전극의 전기적 특성에 따른 전류 흐름 분포를 고찰하였다.

합성강관 충전용 고강도-초유동 콘크리트의 현장적용을 위한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on High Strength and high Flowable Concrete Filled Steel Tube for Practical Construction Application)

  • 윤영수;이승훈;성상래;백승준
    • 콘크리트학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 1996
  • 콘크리트 충전형 합성강관기둥의 현장실용화에 앞서 고강도측면과 초유동측면을 동시에 만족해야 하는 420 및 $560kg/cm^2$강도의 고강도-초유동 콘크리트의 최적배합비 도출을 위한 실내시험을 수행하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 레미콘공장에서의 콘크리트 생산에 다른 문제점 해결, 현장까지의 운반에 따른 경시변화등을 검토하기 위하여 실물크기의 강관기둥을 제작하여 현장실물모형시험을 실시하였다. 또한 현장적용시점이 동절기임을 고려하여 콘크리트의 경화지연에 대비한 연구의 필요성으로 인해 응결시간, 내부수화온도이력 및 초기강도의 발현정도에 관한 추가모형실험을 실시하여 현장적용에 적함한 고품질의 고강도-초유동 콘크리트를 얻고자 하였다.

Seismic behavior of interior RC beam-column joints with additional bars under cyclic loading

  • Lu, Xilin;Urukap, Tonny H.;Li, Sen;Lin, Fangshu
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.37-57
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    • 2012
  • The behavior of beam-column joints in moment resisting frame structures is susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joints. A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints considered in current seismic design codes. The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement has resulted in serious joint failures during earthquakes. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones. In this study, ten full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations. The results of the experiment showed that adding additional bars is a promising approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquakes are eminent. In terms of overall cracking observation during the test, the specimens with additional bars (diagonal and straight) compared with the ones without them showed fewer cracks in the column. Furthermore, concrete confinement is certainly an important design measure as recommended by most international codes.

A Procedure for Robust Evolutionary Operations

  • Kim, Yongyun B.;Byun, Jai-Hyun;Lim, Sang-Gyu
    • International Journal of Quality Innovation
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2000
  • Evolutionary operation (EVOP) is a continuous improvement system which explores a region of process operating conditions by deliberately creating some systematic changes to the process variable levels without jeopardizing the product. It is aimed at securing a satisfactory operating condition in full-scale manufacturing processes, which is generally different from that obtained in laboratory or pilot plant experiments. Information on how to improve the process is generated from a simple experimental design. Traditional EVOP procedures are established on the assumption that the variance of the response variable should be small and stable in the region of the process operation. However, it is often the case that process noises have an influence on the stability of the process. This process instability is due to many factors such as raw materials, ambient temperature, and equipment wear. Therefore, process variables should be optimized continuously not only to meet the target value but also to keep the variance of the response variables as low as possible. We propose a scheme to achieve robust process improvement. As a process performance measure, we adopted the mean square error (MSE) of the replicate response values on a specific operating condition, and used the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify significant differences between the process operating conditions.

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Non-linear analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with incomplete interaction

  • Cas, Bojan;Bratina, Sebastjan;Saje, Miran;Planinc, Igor
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제4권6호
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    • pp.489-507
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    • 2004
  • The flexibility of the connection between steel and concrete largely influences the global behaviour of the composite beam. Therefore the way the connection is modelled is the key issue in its structural analysis. Here we present a new strain-based finite element formulation in which we consider non-linear material and contact models. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the formulation is proved with the comparison of our numerical results with the experimental results of Abdel Aziz (1986) obtained in a full-scale laboratory test. The shear connectors are assumed to follow a non-linear load-slip relationship proposed by Ollgaard et al. (1971). We introduce the notion of the generalized slip, which offers a better physical interpretation of the behaviour of the contact and gives an additional material slip parameter. An excellent agreement of experimental and numerical results is obtained, using only a few finite elements. This demonstrates that the present numerical approach is appropriate for the evaluation of behaviour of planar composite beams and perfect for practical calculations.

Study on mechanical behaviors of column foot joint in traditional timber structure

  • Wang, Juan;He, Jun-Xiao;Yang, Qing-Shan;Yang, Na
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제66권1호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2018
  • Column is usually floating on the stone base directly with or without positioning tenon in traditional Chinese timber structure. Vertical load originated by the heavy upper structure would induce large friction force and compression force between interfaces of column foot and stone base. This study focused on the mechanical behaviors of column foot joint with consideration of the influence of vertical load. Mechanism of column rocking and stress state of column foot has been explored by theoretical analysis. A nonlinear finite element model of column foot joint has been built and verified using the full-scale test. The verified model is then used to investigate the mechanical behaviors of the joint subjected to cyclic loading with different static vertical loads. Column rocking mechanism and stress distributions of column foot were studied in detail, showing good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Mechanical behaviors of column foot joint and the effects of the vertical load on the seismic behavior of column foot were studied. Result showed that compression stress, restoring moment and stiffness increased with the increase of vertical load. An appropriate vertical load originated by the heavy upper structure would produce certain restoring moment and reset the rocking columns, ensuring the stability of the whole frame.

Developments in Fire Sprinkler Technology

  • Rice, Douglas
    • 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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    • pp.606-609
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    • 1997
  • Technology in fire sprinklers has exploded. There is more private fire sprinkler research now than ever before. New technology in fire sprinklers has tested the existing standard and found that it was wrong in some cases, it has provided new sprinklers that control fire better while reducing the cost of the overall system. This expansion of the types and applications of fire sprinklers has created a great need for education for the Authorities Having Jurisdiction and the Engineer as they must be able to make informed decisions regarding this new technology. Significant research has been done at Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. Full scale fire testing is done to prove any new technology did not lower the level of protection of existing fire sprinkler system installations. In each and every case, the existing level of fire protection was the baseline against which the new sprinklers were tested. This level can not be lowered for the test to be considered a success. This is intended to be an overview of the developments in fire sprinklers. Although extensive detail is not included, the overall aspects of these developments can be discussed. The research that will be covered will include the following general subjects: high piled and rack storage sprinkler protection without in-rack sprinklers, extended coverage and quick response sprinklers for ordinary and light hazard occupancies, as well as special sprinklers and their applications.

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