• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

To investigate e effect of antimicrobial ointments on wound healing wound contraction was measured in rabbits with daily application of ointments. Full thickness skin defects(1cm$\times$1cm) were made in three different areas on the back. Percentage of wound contraction based on wound area measured on the day of surgery was calculate every other day until day 9. The percentages of wound contraction in saline and gentamycin solution-treated groups were 86.0% and 75.0%, respectively and higher than those in animicrobial ointments, especially gentamycin cream, silver sulfadiazine and madecasol ointments. It was suggested that the effect of antimicrobial ointments on wound healing were not superior to at of physiological saline in respect to wound contraction in rabbits.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 1998

Microvascular surgery has been widely used clinically for over 30 years. Although many types of free skin and myocutaneous flap are being used at present, surgeons are still looking for new flaps to suit the specific requirements of different recipient sites, to reduce the deformity at the donor site, to ease the management of the flap and to increase the success rate of those operations. The lateral thigh free flap was designed and reported simultaneously with the medial thigh free flap by Baek in 1983. The flap, based on the third perforator of the profunda femoris artery. is designed on the posterolateral aspect of the distal thigh. Clinically, the vascular variations and the locations of perforators of this system can be determined preoperatively with simple angiograms and Dopper audiometry. The lateral thigh free flap is suitable for reconstruction of defects in an oral floor with tongue and esophageal deficits, scalp defects with dural defects, and large full thickness defects of the lip. The advantages of this flap are safe elevation, a long vascular pedicles with a large lumen, skin that is generally thin, and good pliability. Furthermore, the skin territory is very wide and long. The donor site is hidden and therefore more acceptable to the patient. The disadvantage of this flap is that the anatomy of the pedicle vessels has irregular derivation from the main vessel. We had reconstructed lateral thigh free flap to the nine patients from January, 1997 to July, 1998 and got satisfactory results. In this paper we illustrate the arterial anatomy of the thigh and usefulness of this flap for the reconstruction of the head and neck.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2000

Acute high speed accidents that results in full thickness skin defect and exposure of tendon, nerve, vessel and periosteum over denuded bone demands soft tissue coverage. Exposed bone often ensues chronic infection and requires free flap transplantation which surely covers defects in one stage operation and enhances transport of oxygen-rich blood and converts a non-osteogenic or partially osteogenic site into a highly osteogenic site, but exposed bone which had performed free flap transplantation sometimes necroses and needs secondary bone procedure. Scar contracture limits joint motion should be excised and covered with normal soft tissue to restore normal range of motion. Authors have performed the large latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap in 8 cases of extensive soft tissue defect and exposed bone lesion in the leg and 1 case of the flap was failed. The secondary ilizarov bone procedure was performed in 3 of 8 cases. 2 cases of large burn scar contracture and 1 case of posttraumatic scar contracture in lower extremity were restored with the large latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap. Authors concluded that large latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap is the most acceptable microvascular procedure in large soft tissue defect combined with exposed periosteum and bone requiring secondary bone procedure and in large burn scar contracture limiting knee joint motion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.847-849
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• 2010

Purpose: Traditional radical surgery for vulvar cancer produces severe skin and soft tissue defects in the vulvar and vaginal area. Vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flaps have limitations in advancement and tension at the wound margin and vaginal orifice area, causing wound disruption or vaginal wall exposure. Therefore, we designed the "Butterfly flap" using a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap and an inguinal rotational skin flap for 3-dimensional reconstruction of vagina and vulvar area. Methods: A 27 year-old female was diagnosed with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Radical vulvectomy and full-thickness-skin-graft was performed. We designed a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap as the greater wing and inguinal rotational skin as the lesser wing. After flap elevation, the inguinal flap was rotated $180^{\circ}$ to reconstruct the labia major and vaginal orifice. The perineum was reconstructed using V-Y advancement flaps. Results: The flap survived completely, without any complications. After 6 months, the patient was able to perform normal sexual activities and after 18 months, the patient was able to give birth to normal child by caesarean section. Conclusion: The traditional vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap is thin, reliable, easily elevated and matches local skin quality. However, the vaginal wall becomes exposed due to limited advancement and tension of the flap. The "Butterfly flap" using a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap and an inguinal rotational skin flap is useful for the release of vaginal orifice contracture, reconstruction of the labia major, and 3-dimensional reconstruction of vagina and vulvar area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.376-380
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on wound healing in an experimentally induced skin wound model. Full-thickness, skin defects ($2 cm{\times}2 cm$) were made in two different areas on the back of eight New Zealand white rabbits. Eight of 16 wounds were treated with gauze-gauze-impregnated activated charocal granules, and another eight wounds were treated with gauze-soaked saline. Wound areas were measured every other day for 2 weeks after the wound-ing. Statistical analysis was performed with the student t-test. The mean percentage of wound con- traction on the 14th day in the activated charcoal-treaded group and in the saline treated group were 93.5% and 81_7%, respectively. The mean value of tensile, strength ell the 21s1 day after wounding was,42.70{\pm}0.8 kg/5cm^2$,/TEX> in the activated charcoal-treated group and $1.75 {\pm} 0.5 kg/5 cm^2$ in the saline treated group. Significantly reduced wound area (p<0.05) and high tensile strength value (P<0.O5) were observed in activated charcoal-treated group compared with those in the saline treated group. In summary activated charcoa1 significantly reduced the wound area an increased tensile strength in the rabbit 7kin wound model. These results suggest that application of activated charcoal in skill wounds will promote wound healing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.451-457
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• 2011

Purpose: As a central feature of the face, the nose has considerable significance in appearance and expression. Reconstruction of full thickness defects of the nasal ala has always been a challenge because of the 3-dimensional structure. For reconstruction of post burn defects of ala, skin graft, local or pedicled flap and composite graft are optionally available. We have reconstructed the ala defects using adiposocutaneous graft and observed the outcome. Methods: From March 2003 to December 2010, 19 cases in 11 patients with scar contracture and defect on ala portion were performed operation using adiposocutaneous graft. As a donor site, we used the inguinal crease and posterior auricular area and the donor site was primarily closed. We made incision through the superior rim of ala and released fully. A graft is applied to recipient site with larger size than recipient volume. Results: The mean age of the patient was 38.6 years (16~51), males are seven patients and females are four patients. The operation was performed bilaterally in 5 patients and unilaterally in 6 patients. Composite grafts were harvested from inguinal area in 13 cases and posterior auricular area in 6 cases. In one case, we did 4 times of operation to get enough volume. All the grafts were well taken. The mean size of the graft was 3.63 $cm^2$. Conclusion: For reconstruction of post burn defects of ala, it's not easy to use local flap or pedicled flap because of hardness and fibrosis of surrounding tissue. So, we choose adiposocutaneous graft for ala deformity reconstruction, got satisfactory outcome in color matching and texture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.466-469
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• 2018

The highly contoured nature of the nose and the abundant free margin makes it especially difficult to reconstruct. In this report, we describe the use of a new helical rim free flap technique for the reconstruction of full-thickness nasal alar defects via supermicrosurgery. Briefly, after a wide excision with a margin of 0.7 cm, an alar defect with a size of $1{\times}1{\times}0.5cm$ was obtained, which included the full thickness of the skin, mucosa, and lower lateral cartilage. Vessel dissection was performed in a straightforward manner, starting from the incision margin for flap harvest, without any further dissection for reach the greater trunk of the superficial temporal artery. The flap was inset in order to match the contour of the contralateral ala. We closed the donor site via rotation and advancement. No donor site morbidity was observed, despite the presence of a small scar that could easily be covered with hair. The alar contour was satisfactory, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The supermicrosurgical technique did not require further dissection to identify the vessels for anastomosis, leading to better cosmetic outcomes and a reduced operating time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.733-739
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• 2011

Purpose: Cellulose is a natural substance from plants or bacteria. It is known that bacterial synthesized cellulose has an effect of wound healing. The aim of this study is to show the effect of bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus on wound healing. Methods: Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Three wounds were treated by vaseline gauze (Group V), Algisite $M^{(R)}$ (Group A) and bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus (Group C) was used for dressing on skin defect on rats. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemistry finding. Results: Group C showed more decrease of wound size compared to Group V (33% versus 7.2%) after 14 days. The histologic findings revealed Group C and Group A preceed the process of wound healing rather than Group V (More rapid collagen deposition and neovascularization and reduced inflammation). Also, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ were increased in the Group C and Group A compared with the Group V in 7 days. VEGF and TGF-${\beta}1$ expression were decreased in the Group C and Group A in 14 days, however Group V was not decreased at 14 day because of delayed wound healing process. Conclusion: Bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus affects wound healing by reducing the inflammatory stage. And stimulates wound contracture by the deposition of extracellular matrix, thus preventing the formation of chronic wounds.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on antibacterial activities and wound healing effect of silver containing dressings with which of Betadine against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: One full thickness skin defects in rats(n=72) were developed on the back and were given rise to infection with S. aureus(n=36) and P. aeruginosa(n=36). The 72 mice were divided into 6 groups : Acticoat$^{(R)}$, Aquacel$^{(R)}$-Ag, Medifoam silver$^{(R)}$, Polymen silver$^{(R)}$, Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ and Betadine(control group) dressing groups. Five silver containing dressings and Betadine were assesed on infected wound. Measurement of wound size change, bacterial colonies count and histologic findings was applied. Antibacterial activity was analyzed with bacterial restricted zone in Mueller Hinton agar. Results: On S. aureus, wound size was more decreased in all treated groups as compared with betadine, however Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ was less decreased on P. aeruginosa. In histologic findings, experimental group showed more effective findings than others on S. aureus, however on P. aeruginosa, which was showed similar. Acticoat$^{(R)}$ was best effective in wound healing against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The bacterial colonies count was increased in all treated groups except Acticoat$^{(R)}$ as compared with the control group on S. aureus, which was decreased in Acticoat$^{(R)}$ and Ilvadon$^{(R)}$ group on P. aeruginosa. There were not statistical differences. The restricted zone was shown in Mueller - Hinton agar of all groups except Medifoam silver$^{(R)}$ group on S. aureus, which was shown of all groups on P. aeruginosa. There were statistical differences. Conclusion: This study suggests that silver containing dressings may have not better potential than Betadine in assisting management of wounds at risk of infection on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, which have better antibacterial activity on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Minerals from marine materials such as deep ocean water and Dead Sea water have been used since ancient times. We made a mask pack sheet including deep ocean water and salt from the Dead Sea and evaluated the function of the mask pack sheet through animal study. Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats. The wounds were left untreated in group Con, and mask pack sheets including deep ocean water or deep ocean water and Dead Sea water were used as treatment for 20 min on the skin of animals in groups DP and DDP, respectively. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemical findings. Groups DDP and DP showed decreases in wound size, as compared to group Con at 7 days after wound infliction. The histological findings revealed that wound healing had progressed further in groups DP and DDP than in group Con, with more rapid collagen deposition and regression of neutrophils. Also, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ were increased in groups DDP and DP compared with those in group Con at 3 days after wound infliction. Mask sheet packs including deep ocean water and Dead Sea salt affected wound healing by reducing the inflammatory phase and stimulated wound contracture by facilitating the deposition of collagen.