• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fructus Forsythiae on the melanogenesis. To determine whether Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, HM3KO human melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract and the effects on cell proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were examined. Treatment with Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. And also suppressed melanin contents as a dose dependent manner without cytotoxicity morphological change. It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally different from the control. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract on melanogenesis is due to the suppression of tyrosinase in HM3KO cells and Fructus Forsythiae is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2007

Forsythiae fructus has traditionally been used for the treatment of erysipelas, skin rash and acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. The effect of Forsythiae fructus against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), on mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Forsythiae fructus extract suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-$_K$B mRNAs on the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated enhancement in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We examined the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in both mRNA and protein levels to investigate the mechanism by which Forsythiae fructus extract inhibits NO production. Forsythiae fructus extract significantly reduced iNOS, NF-$_K$B and PGE$_2$, but didn't inhibit COX-2 expression which was induced by LPS treatment in Raw 264.7 cells. These results suggest that Forsythiae fructus exerts anti-inflammatory effects probably by suppression of the iNOS and NF-$_K$B expressions.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2004

This report describes the studies as follows through the research into the data of Fructus Forsythiae main blended prescriptions from Dongeuybogam. Through investigation on prescriptions from Dongeuybogam with Fructus Forsythiae as an ingredient, the following conclusions were reached. 1. All kinds of infection in a boil and the malignant tumor recorded the largest number of clinical frequency of the prescriptions in therapeutic use when Fructus Forsythiae was taken as a principle medicine. 2. The prescriptions are compounded with Fructus Forsythiae as a principle medicine can apply to eye disease, nose and ear disease, throat disease, trauma, the malignant tumor, skin disease, dental disease and heat pathogenic disease. 3. Various pathogenic factors such as wind-heat, heat, fire, wind, qi, poison, cold are put to practical use. 4. The dosage of Fructus Forsythiae is 2bun(about 0.75 gram) to 3jeon(about 11.25 gram), however 1joen(about 3.75 gram) has been taken the most for clinical application. 5. With examination the formulae of presciptions containing Fructus Forsythiae, I found the basic prescriptions as well as the medicines are in conjunction with Fructus Forsythiae and the theoretic grounds of formula in combining Fructus Forsythiae as a group of medicine for prescription through this research.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2011

The Forsythiae Fructus is an oriental medicine containing various lignans. In this study, the Forsythiae Fructus were extracted by hot water (Sample 1), hot water after bio-conversion using Lactobacillus strain (Sample 2-LP2, 2-LA, 2-LC, 2-LL, 2-BL and 2-LM) and 70% ethanol (Sample 3). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were improved by bio-conversion process using Lactobacillus strain, compared to water extract. Especially, sample 2-LL and 2-LA which had shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid content in antioxidant activity. Also, sample 2-LL and 2-LA showed higher melanin generation inhibitory activity as of 55%, 53% in maximum extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the anti-inflammation test of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited. Specially, both 70% Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract and sample 2-BL which have shown the relatively higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. In conclusion, the Forsythiae Fructus extracts with bio-conversion process has effect of skin whitening and anti-inflammation activity than other extracts. It could be used as a valuable materials for functional cosmetics.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2008

In this study, we have investigated the hypo-pigmentary mechanism of methanol extract of Forsythiae Fructus in human melanocyte cell line, HM3KO. Treatment of HM3KO cells with Forsythiae Fructus extract markedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased melanin contents occurred through the decrease of tyrosinase protein and activity. The mRNA levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were also reduced by Forsythiae Fructus extract. Moreover, the level of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) was significantly decreased by treatment of Forsythiae Fructus extract. These results suggest that Forsythiae Fructus reduces melanin synthesis by down regulation of tyrosinase mRNA transcription, and this is closely related to the cAMP-dependent pathway.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 천연 항균성 물질을 검색하기 위해 예로부터 민간과 한방에서 널리 이용되어 온 연교를 각종 유기용매로 추출하여 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 조사해 보았다. 연교를 petroleum ether, chloroform, ethly acetate, methanol를 이용하여 실온에서 각각 용매별로 계통 분획하고, 열수추출물을 얻은 후, 9종의 식중독 유발세균 (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella paratyphimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei)에 대하여 항균효과를 조사하였다. 연교 추출물의 농도별 항균 활성 검색에서는 연교의 열수 추출물이 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 Shigella flexneri가 가장 민감하게 반응하는 균주였다. 연교의 열수 추출물과 느릅나무의 methanol 추출물을 혼합하여 항균력을 측정해 본 결과 두 추출물을 섞어 첨가했을 경우가 단독으로 사용했을 시 보다 상승효과를 나타내었다. 또한 연교의 열수 추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 성장에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 Staphylococcus epidermidis 및 Shigella flexneri의 배양액에 연교의 열수 추출물을 각각 10,000 ppm 농도로 첨가했을 시, Staphylococcus epidermidis의 생육이 12시간 이상까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었고, Shigella flexneri의 생육도 24시간까지 지연시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 결과 연교의 열수 추출물은 S. epidermidis와 Shigella flexneri의 성장을 효과적으로 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

The Forsythiae fructus is described to be used as an antiinflammatory drug, diuretics, antidotes and antibacterials in oriental literatures. In order to investigate the efficacy of Forsythiae viridissima (Oleaceae), the methanol extract and its fraction have been evaluated for the acute toxicity, antiinflammatory, analgesic and spasmolytic action in animals. The methanol extract of Forsythiae fructus was found to have significant antiinflammatory activity in the acute and subacute antiinflammatory model in rats, but have no analgesic action. Furthermore, through fractionation procedure, it was found that the active compounds were easily soluble in chloroform and butanol. It is also noted that the extracts had spasmolytic activities in the rat fundus and uterus and had low acute toxicity in mice.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2007

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid beta(1-42) peptide is good drug targets for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Among the twenty enthusiasm reducing herbals, the 70% methanol extracts (1 mg/ml) of Moutan Radicis Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus showed 91.5% and 85.3% about acethylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively. The extracts (1 mg/ml) of Coptidis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed more than 85% inhibition rate against amyloid beta (1-42) peptide aggregation. The neuroprotective effect of the extracts (1 mg/ml) of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus and Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed 90.0%, 87.4% and 85.1% to compare with amyloid beta (1-42) peptide treated cells (IMR-32), respectively. Three herbs, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus and Paeoniae Radix Rubra are promising candidates from natural products for development of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2010

Objectives : In order to investigate the antidepressant effects of Forsythiae Fructus(FF), we performed the Forced Swimming Test(FST). Also the expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) were measured by immunohistochemical method at paraventricular nucleus(PVN), ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC). Methods : Spraque-Dawley rats were administered FF extract(100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) intragastrically three times prior to the FST. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was significantly decreased in the FF 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg groups(p<0.05). The expression of CRF was significantly reduced in the FF 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups(p<0.001). c-Fos expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the FF 100 mg/kg group(p=0.069). TH expression at VTA was significantly increased in the FF 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups(p<0.05). TH expression at LC was not significantly changed(p=0.346). Conclusion : According to the results, it can be suggested that Forsythiae Fructus has antidepressant effect via the decreased immobility through the reduction of CRF and c-Fos expression at PVN.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2011

In this study, we found that Forsythiae fructus (FF) and one of its main compounds, arctigenin, significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Arctigenin also suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. Moreover, it also reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin $1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ and prostaglandin E2, and inhibited neuronal death in LPS-treated organotypic hippocampal cultures. Therefore, we suggest that arctigenin may confer a neuroprotective effect via the inhibition of neuroinflammation.