• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.565-570
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• 1994

In this article we prove a version of the Perron-Frobenius Theorem in linear algebra using the Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem in topology. We will mostly concentrate on he qualitative aspect of the Perron-Frobenius Theorem rather than quantitative formulas, which would be enough for theoretical investigations in ergodic theory. By the nature of the method of the proof, we do not expect to obtain a numerical estimate. But we may regard it worthwhile to see why a certain type of result should be true from a topological and geometrical viewpoint. However, a geometric argument alone would give us a sharp numerical bounds on the size of the eigenvalue as shown in Section 2. Eigenvectors of a matrix A will be fixed points of a certain mapping defined in terms of A. We shall modify an existing proof of Frobenius Theorem and that will do the trick for Perron-Frobenius Theorem.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.1087-1103
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• 2009

Given a system of s independent 1-forms on a smooth manifold M of dimension m, we study the existence of integral manifolds by means of various generalized versions of the Frobenius theorem. In particular, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for there to exist s'-parameter (s' < s) family of integral manifolds of dimension p := m-s, and a necessary and sufficient condition for there to exist integral manifolds of dimension p', p' $\leq$ p. We also present examples and applications to complex analysis in several variables.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2012

In the paper, design of nonlinear sliding surfaces which are based on optimal control is studied, The state trajectory by the input of optimal control was obtained by Frobenius theorem and matrix decomposition method, was set the nonlinear sliding surfaces of the system. The states is maintained to sliding surfaces from initial states. As the result, robustness of the system can be guaranteed throughout an entire response of the system starting form the initial time instance, the uncertainty and external disturbance that can occur during the reaching time is removed, the problem of large control input was solved, and setting the sliding surfaces optimal path was able to reduce the tracking time. The validity of the proposed control scheme is shown in computer simulation for inverted pendulum.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.523-528
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• 2000

In this short note the characteristics of a nonlinear system of which the state trajectories are oscillating in the phase plane are overviewed. The physical concept of stuck and sliding patch phenomena are also introduced by adding some switching functions and their stability on the sliding patches are analyzed by using the Lyapunov stability theory and Frobenius theorem.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.1001-1015
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• 2010

Let M be a $C^{\infty}$ real hypersurface in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$, $n\;{\geq}\;1$, locally given as the zero locus of a $C^{\infty}$ real valued function r that is defined on a neighborhood of the reference point $P\;{\in}\;M$. For each k = 1,..., n we present a necessary and sufficient condition for there to exist a complex manifold of dimension k through P that is contained in M, assuming the Levi form has rank n - k at P. The problem is to find an integral manifold of the real 1-form $i{\partial}r$ on M whose tangent bundle is invariant under the complex structure tensor J. We present generalized versions of the Frobenius theorem and make use of them to prove the existence of complex submanifolds.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.237-252
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• 2002

We study the compatibility conditions and the existence of solutions or overdetermined PDE systems that admit complete prolongation. For a complete system of order k there exists a submanifold of the ($\kappa$-1)st jet space of unknown functions that is the largest possible set on which the initial conditions of ($\kappa$-1)st order may take values. There exists a unique solution for any initial condition that belongs to this set if and only if the complete system satisfies the compatibility conditions on the initial data set. We prove by applying the Frobenius theorem to a Pfaffian differential system associated with the complete prolongation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.931-940
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• 2009

Given a system of smooth 1-forms $\theta$ = ($\theta^1$,...,$\theta^s$) on a smooth manifold $M^m$, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for M to be foliated by integral manifolds of dimension n, n $\leq$ p := m - s, and construct an integrable supersystem ($\theta,\eta$) by finding additional 1-forms $\eta$ = ($\eta^1$,...,$\eta^{p-n}$). We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for M to be foliated by reduced submanifolds of dimension n, n $\geq$ p, and construct an integrable subsystem ($d\rho^1$,...,$d\rho^{m-n}$) by finding a system of first integrals $\rho=(\rho^1$,...,$\rho^{m-n})$. The special case n = p is the Frobenius theorem on involutivity.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.503-519
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• 2000

It is well-known that an analytic generic CR submainfold M of codimension m in Cn+m is locally transformed by a biholomorphic mapping to a plane Cn$\times$Rm ⊂ Cn$\times$Cm whenever the Levi form L on M vanishes identically. We obtain such a normalizing biholomorphic mapping of M in terms of the defining function of M. Then it is verified without Frobenius theorem that M is locally foliated into complex manifolds of dimension n.