• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.519-524
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• 2004

This study is concerned with the braking distance estimation using frictional energy rate. First, steady state rolling analysis is performed, and using this result, the braking distance is estimated. Dynamic rolling analysis during entire braking time period is impratical, so that this study divides the vehicle velocity by 10km/h to reduce the analysis time. The multiplication of the slip rate and the shear stress provides the frictional energy rate. Using frictional energy rate, total braking distance is estimated, In addition, ABS(Anti-lock Brake System) is considered, and two type of slip ratios are compared, One is 15% slip ratio for the ABS condition, and the other is 100% slip ratio which leads lo the almost same braking distance as the elementary kinematic theory. A slip ratio is controlled by angular velocity in ABAQUS/Explicit, A 15% slip ratio gives the real vehicle's braking distance when the frictional energy occurred al disk pad is included. Disk pad's frictional energy rate is calculated by the theoretical approach.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

The wear of rubber track being in contact with the road surface is an important subject because it decreases the traction performance and the operating efficiency of tracked vehicle. For the above reasons, many attempts have been made to quantitatively calculate the rubber track. However, it depends on the experimental methods which are highly time- and cost-consuming. Therefore, the numerical simulation approach is highly desirable, but it needs to model the complex geometry and the material behavior in details as well as the interaction with the road surface. In this study, the rubber track and its material behavior are elaborately modeled since these factors are very important in the prediction of the wear rate of the rubber track. Accordingly to the studies on the rubber wear by previous investigations, it has been found that the wear is greatly influenced by the frictional energy. The frictional energy of rubber track is computed by utilizing the 3D finite element analysis of the rubber track, and the wear rate is evaluated making use of the frictional energy and a wear model.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2021

The wear behavior of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) was investigated using a blade-type abrader with a steel blade (SB), Ti-coated tungsten carbide blade (TiB), or zirconia blade (ZB). The wear rate of SBR against SB and TiB decreased with increasing number of revolutions because of the blunting of the blades during wear. However, the wear rate of SBR against ZB remained nearly constant with little blade blunting. Generally, the wear rate of BR was largely unaffected by the blade material used for abrasion. The wear rate and frictional coefficient of SBR were found to be higher than those of BR at similar levels of frictional energy input. A power-law relationship was found between the wear rate and frictional energy input during abrasion. A well-known Schallamach pattern was observed for SBR, while a much finer pattern was observed for BR. The blade material affects the wear rate of the rubbers because the macromolecular free radicals and blade tend to undergo mechano-chemical reactions. The inorganic ZB was found to be the most inert for such a mechanism.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

A typical wear pattern was reported to resemble the fatigue crack growth behavior considering its mechanism, especially for amorphous rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). In this study, the wear and crack growth rates were correlated using two separate experiments for carbon black and silica-reinforced selected rubber compounds. The wear rate was determined using a blade-type abrasion tester, where the frictional energy input during wearing was measured. The crack propagation rate was determined under different tearing energy inputs using a home-made fatigue tester, with a pure-shear test specimen containing pre-cracks. The rates of abrasion and crack propagation were plotted on a log-log scale as a function of frictional and tearing energies, respectively. Reasonable agreement was observed, indicating that the major mechanism of the abrasion pattern involved repeated crack propagation.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

Drilling process is usually the most efficient and economical method of making a hole in a solid body. However, there have been no analytical method to assess drilling process based on the shear and frictional characteristics. In this paper, procedures for analyzing shear and frictional processes of drilling have been established by adopting an equivalent turning system to drilling. A series of drilling experiments were carried out with varying feed, velocity and drill shape factors. Using the results of the experiments, the cutting characteristics including shear in the primary shear zone and friction in the chip-tool contact region of drilling process have been analyzed. The specific cutting energy tends to decrease exponentially with increase of feed rate. In drilling process 35-40% of the total energy is consumed in the friction process. This is greater than that of turning process in cutting of the same work material.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

실리카와 카본블랙을 함유한 SBR 배합고무를 대상으로 마찰 및 마모거동을 조사하였다. 인열에너지 이론을 배경으로 설계된 칼날형 마모시험기를 이용하였으며 마찰일의 크기가 SBR 배합고무의 마모속도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 마찰일이 증가할수록 마모속도가 증가하는 power law관계를 확인하였다. 칼날형 마모시험기를 통해 기존의 간헐적 마모손실무게 측정 대신 연속적 마모이동거리 측정이 가능했으며 보다 정확한 마모속도를 결정할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.629-643
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• 2018

For a sailing ship, the frictional resistance exerted on the hull of ship is due to viscous effect of the fluid flow, which is proportional to the wetted area of the hull and moving speed of ship. This resistance can be reduced through air bubble lubrication to the hull. The traditional way of introducing air to the wetted hull consumes extra energy to retain stability of air layer or bubbles. It leads to lower reduction rate of the net frictional resistance. In the present paper, a novel air bubble lubrication technique proposed by Kumagai et al. (2014), the Winged Air Induction Pipe (WAIP) device with opening hole on the upper surface of the hydrofoil is numerically investigated. This device is able to naturally introduce air to be sandwiched between the wetted hull and water. Propulsion system efficiency can be therefore increased by employing the WAIP device to reduce frictional drag. In order to maximize the device performance and explore the underlying physics, parametric study is carried out numerically. Effects of submerged depth of the hydrofoil and properties of the opening holes on the upper surface of the hydrofoil are investigated. The results show that more holes are favourable to reduce frictional drag. 62.85% can be achieved by applying 4 number of holes.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2159-2167
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• 2006

In order to find out a physical quantity which controls the fatigue life of a structure and to predict the fatigue life of tires, a finite element simulation methodology to use the cracking energy density (CED) and the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was proposed and applied to three different tires of a similar size. CED was calculated to predict the location of a crack initiation, and VCCT was used to obtain the strain energy release rate (SERR) at the tip of an initiated crack. Finite element simulations showed that SERR oscillated in the circumferential direction with its minimum occurring just before the contact zone and its maximum occurring just after the center of the contact zone, and SERR was affected significantly by the frictional force acting on the crack surface. In addition, a durability test was conducted to measure the fatigue life of the three tires. The comparison of SERR values with the test data revealed that the fatigue life increased as the amplitude of SERR decreased or as the R-ratio of SERR increased.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.983-989
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• 2005

The effects of mechanical parameters on the characteristics of chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) can be directly evaluated by friction force. The piezoelectric quartz sensor for friction force measurement was installed, and friction force could be detected during CMP process. Furthermore, friction energy can be calculated by multiplying relative velocity by integration of the friction force throughout the polishing time. $SiO_2$ slurry for interlayer dielectric(ILD) CMP was used in this experiment to consider the relation of frictional characteristics and polishing results. From this experiment, it is proven that the friction energy is an essential factor of removal rate. Also, the friction force is related to removal amount per unit length(dH/ds) and friction energy has corelation to the removal rate(dH/dt) and process temporature. Moreover, within wafer non-unifornity(WIWNU) is related to coefficient of friction because of the mechanical moment equilibrium. Therefore, the prediction of polishing result would be possible by measuring friction force.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.42-56
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• 2023

고준위방사성폐기물의 심층처분시스템에서 천연방벽은 처분시설을 물리적으로 지지함과 동시에 방사성 핵종의 이동을 지연시키는 역할을 최소 수십만년 이상 수행해야 한다. 천연방벽의 지구조적 장기진화평가를 위해서는 암반 절리의 장기거동 분석이 필수적이며, 여기에는 마찰회복 거동이 포함된다. 본 연구에서는 암반 절리의 수리-역학적 조건 하 마찰회복 거동을 슬라이드-홀드-슬라이드(slide-hold-slide, SHS) 실험을 통해 실험적으로 분석해 보고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 서로 다른 거칠기의 절리 시험편을 대상으로 역학적 및 수리-역학적 조건에서 SHS 실험을 수행하였다. 수리-역학적 조건에서 마찰회복률은 더 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 거칠기가 큰 시험편에서 더 분명하게 나타났다. 또한, 절리면에 작용하는 유효 수직응력이 작은 경우에 수리-역학적 조건의 영향이 더 크게 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 천연방벽 암반 절리의 마찰회복 거동을 파악하는 데 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.