• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

In this paper hydrodynamic lubrication analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of groove location on the lubrication performance of a piston and cylinder system in a linear compressor. The rectangle shaped grooves having a constant groove depth and width are applied on the lubrication area of the piston. The Universal Reynolds equation is used to calculate the oil film pressure, and the Elrod algorithm with the finite different method is used to solve the governing equation. The JFO boundary condition is applied to predict cavitation regions. Transient analysis for different locations of the grooves on the piston is carried out using the typical operating condition of the linear compressor in order to estimate the variations of frictional power losses and minimum film thicknesses. When the grooves are applied on the lubrication area, both the frictional power loss and the minimum film thickness decrease. The frictional power loss can be reduced effectively, while maintaining a minimum film thickness to enable the piston operation without direct contact with the cylinder surface, by means of choosing a proper location of the grooves. The optimum location of the grooves to improve a lubrication performance depends on the operation condition or the system requirements specification.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.765-776
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• 2016

In this study, a standard section of a railway bridge abutment wall was designed to satisfy the external stability condition in accordance with the design criteria; this design was used to compare and analyze the active earth pressure and to calculate various types of earth pressure acting on the virtual back (wall, plane) according to the frictional angle of the backfill materials. Also, the external stability, member force and construction cost were analyzed according to the frictional angle of the backfill materials using various theories of earth pressure such as Rankine, Coulomb, Trial Wedge, and Improved Trial Wedge. As for the results, it was found that lateral earth pressure at the virtual back plane was higher than at the virtual back wall, and that these values decreased with the increase of the frictional angle of the backfill materials. The increasing of the frictional angle of the backfill materials decreased the active earth pressure (according to Rankine, Coulomb, Trial Wedge, and Improved Trial Wedge results), and the member force as well as the construction cost were reduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1575-1578
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• 2005

As GA(Galvannealed sheet steel, GA) has good corrosion resistance, weldability and paintability as well as excellent stamping formability it's demand is rapidly increasing for automotive panel. But the layer of the Galvannealed sheet steel is easy to have a coating layer such as powdering and flaking in the press process because it is composed of Fe-Zn alloy. Therefore, the process condition is properly required to form the surface treated sheet steel. The frictional characteristics with dies are changed according to the annealing temperature, $505^{\circ}C,\;515^{\circ}C\;and\;540^{\circ}C$ during the process. To obtain the frictional characteristics of GA sheet steel in this study, on flat friction test is conducted. The friction coefficient is compared with the variation of pressure and velocity, viscosity of lubricant at the various galvannealed temperatures.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

The sliding contact interface of machine components such as bearings, gears frequently operates in lubrication at the inception of sliding failure under high loads, speed and slip. The surface temperature at the interface of bodies in a sliding contact is one of the most important factors influencing the behavior of machine components. Most surface failure in sliding contact region result from frictional heat generation. However, it is difficult to measure temperature rise experimentally. So the calculation of the surface temperature at a sliding contact interface has long been an interesting and important subject for tribologist. The surface temperature rise is related in contact pressure, sliding speed, material properties and lubrication thickness. Though roughness, load, ect all of the condition, are same, film thickness varies with velocity. In this study, surface temperature rise due to frictional heating in lubrication is calculated with various velocities. Surface film shearing and dry solid asperity contact are used to simulate the change of frictional heat in lubricated contact

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.494-501
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• 2010

The main objective of this study is to examine the sensitivity of calibration curves of FEA of ring compression test to frictional shear factor. Ring compression test has been investigated by measuring dimensional changes at different positions of ring specimen and they include the changes in internal diameter at the middle and top section of the specimen, outer diameter at the middle and top section, surface expansion at the top surface, respectively. Initial ring geometries employed in analysis maintain a fixed ratio of 6 : 3 : 2, i.e. outer diameter : inner diameter : thickness of the ring specimen, which is generally known as 'standard' specimen. A rigid plastic material for different work-hardening characteristics has been modeled for simulations using rigid-plastic finite element code. Analyses have been performed within a definite range of friction as well as over whole range of friction to show different sensitivities to the interfacial friction for different ranges of friction. The results of investigation in this study have been summarized in terms of a dimensionless gradient. It has been known from the results that the dimensional changes at different positions of ring specimen show different linearity and sensitivity to the frictional condition on the contact surface.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.214-220
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• 2003

Pipe jacking is a name for a method to excavate a tunnel by pushing pipe into the ground from an especial pit. Size of tunnels in this method is different from under 900mm (microtunneling) to more than 3,000mm. Method of excavation is also different from hand digging to use of any kind of tunnel boring machines such as slurry and earth pressure balance (EPB) machines. Slurry pipe jacking was firmly established as a special method for the nondisruptive construction of the underground tunnels in urban area. During the pipe jacking and microtunneling process, the jacking load is an important parameter, controlling the pipe wall thickness, need to and location of intermediate jacking station, selection of jacking frame and lubrication requirements. The main component of the jacking load is due to frictional resistance. In this paper the skin friction between pipe surface and surrounding condition also lubricant quality based on a few fundamental tests, were considered. During this study unconfined compressive strength test, dynamic friction measurement test and direct shear box test were raised for one of the largest diameter slurry pipe jacking project in Fujisawa city in Japan. It could be concluded that in slurry pipe jacking, prediction of frictional forces are mainly dependent on successful lubrication, its quality and lubricant strength parameters. Conclusions from this study can be used for the same experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1999

This paper descrived the changes of peel strength wrinkle recovery and dimensional stability after fusing 4 different wool face fabrics with 3 different fusible interlinings. The fusing condition was conducted by fusing press machine under 4kg.f/cm2 at 15$0^{\circ}C$. To determine the effect of the varous physical properties of the fused fabrics face fabrics and interlinings on the peel strength wrinkle recovery and dimensional stability(hygral expansion and relaxation shrinkage) of fused fabrics correlation among the KES values of fused fabrics face fabrics and interlinings to the peel strength rinkle recovery and dimensional stability of fused fabrics were expeerimentally analyzed,. As the results the peel strength was mainly influenced by the cover factor of face fabric and interlinings. After fusing wrinkle recovery and hygral expansion were decreased. The cover factor wrinkle recovery weight thickness shear rigidity and frictional properties of face fabric and the thickness of fused fabrics were not influence to the wrinkle recovery of fused fabrics. In addition the dimensional stabilities of fused fabrics were mainly influenced by the tensile and frictional properties of the wrinkle recovery of fused fabrics. In addition the dimensional stabilities of fused fabrics were mainly influenced by the tensile and frictional properties of the face fabrics.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.228-236
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• 2018

The performance of a porous swash bulkhead for the reduction of the resonant liquid motion in a swaying rectangular tank was investigated based on the assumption of linear potential theory. The Galerkin method (Porter and Evans, 1995) was used to solve the potential flow model by adding a viscous frictional damping term to the free-surface condition. By comparing the experimental results and the analytical solutions, we verified that the frictional damping coefficient was 0.4. Darcy's law was used to consider the energy dissipation at a porous bulkhead. The tool that was developed with a built-in frictional damping coefficient of 0.4 was confirmed by small-scale experiments. Using this tool, the free-surface elevation, hydrodynamic force (added mass, damping coefficient) on a wall, and the horizontal load on a bulkhead were assessed for various combinations of porosity and submergence depth. It was found that the vertical porous bulkhead can suppress sloshing motions significantly when properly designed and by selecting the appropriate porosity(${\approx}0.1$) and submergence depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.3 s.168
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

In the hot forging process lubricant influences on frictional condition only, but in the warm forging process it influence on the formability such as dimensional accuracy, filling state and frictional condition and it is important to estimate a lubricating characteristic of lubricants in the warm forging. In this paper, in order to evaluate the formability of billet in warm forging process according to the lubricant and lubricating method, lubricant and lubricating test have been performed using oil-based and water-based lubricant which were widely used in the hot and warm forging processes. The surface roughness of initial billet was measured to evaluate the influence on the formability of billet and the forming load and dimensional accuracy were compared and evaluated. From the experimental results, it can be known that water-based lubricants are more excellent than oil-based lubricants for warm forging of complex shape like a bevel gear. Also, in this study characteristics of deformation have been investigated according to surface treatment of initial billet.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1146-1154
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• 2008

This paper presents a method for the acceleration analysis of multi-legged walking robots in consideration of the frictional ground contact. This method is based on both unified dynamic equation for finding the acceleration of a robot's body and constraint equation for satisfying no-slip condition. After the dynamic equation representing relationship between actuator torques and body acceleration, is derived from the force and acceleration relationship between foot and body's gravity center, the constraint equation is formulated to reconfigure the maximum torque boundaries satisfying no-slip condition from given original actuator torque boundaries. From application of the reconfigured torques to the dynamic equation, interested acceleration boundaries are obtained. The approach based on above two equations, is adapted to the changes of degree-of-freedoms of legs as well as friction of ground. And the method provides the maximum translational and rotational acceleration boundaries of body's center that are achievable in every direction without occurring slipping at the contact points or saturating all actuators. Given the torque limits in infinite normsense, the resultant accelerations are derived as a polytope. From the proposed method, we obtained achievable acceleration boundaries of 4-legged and 6-legged walking robot system successfully.