• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2019

In the present study, vibration analysis of double bonded micro sandwich cylindrical shells with saturated porous core and carbon/boron nitride nanotubes (CNT/BNNT) reinforced composite face sheets under multi-physical loadings based on Cooper-Naghdi theory is investigated. The material properties of the micro structure are assumed to be temperature dependent, and each of the micro-tubes is placed on the Pasternak elastic foundations, and mechanical, moisture, thermal, electrical, and magnetic forces are effective on the structural behavior. The distributions of porous materials in three distributions such as non-linear non-symmetric, nonlinear-symmetric, and uniform are considered. The relationship including electro-magneto-hydro-thermo-mechanical loadings based on modified couple stress theory is obtained and moreover the governing equations of motion using the energy method and the Hamilton's principle are derived. Also, Navier's type solution is also used to solve the governing equations of motion. The effects of various parameters such as material length scale parameter, temperature change, various distributions of nanotube, volume fraction of nanotubes, porosity and Skempton coefficients, and geometric parameters on the natural frequency of double bonded micro sandwich cylindrical shells are investigated. Increasing the porosity and the Skempton coefficients of the core in micro sandwich cylindrical shell lead to increase the natural frequency of the structure. Cylindrical shells and porous materials in the industry of filters and separators, heat exchangers and coolers are widely used and are generally accepted today.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.827-837
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• 2012

확률강우량은 수공구조물의 설계에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 확률강우량의 산정은 일반적으로 일변량 빈도해석을 수행하고 최적의 확률분포형을 찾아냄으로써 계산된다. 하지만 일변량 빈도해석은 수행 시 지속기간이 제한적이라는 단점이 있으며 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 이변량 빈도해석을 수행하였다. 다변량 모형인 copula 모형 중3가지의 분포형을 이용하여 5개 지점의 연최대강우사상에 대해 이 변량 빈도해석을 수행하였으며 확률변수로 강우량과 지속기간을 사용하였다. 주변분포형은 강우량에는 Gumbel (GUM), generalized logistic (GLO) 분포형, 지속기간에는 generalized extreme value (GEV), GUM, GLO 분포형이사용됐으며 copula 모형은Frank, Joe, Gumbel-Hougaard 모형을 이용하였다. 주변분포형의 매개변수는 확률가중모멘트법을 이용하여 추정하였으며, copula 모형의 매개변수는 준모수방법인 의사최우도법을 사용하여 구하였다. 이를 통해 얻어진 확률강우량을 주변분포형과 copula 모형을바꾸어가며 비교하였다. 그 결과, 주변분포형의 종류에 따른 변화에서는 지속기간의 분포형에는 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 강우량의 분포형에 따라서는 조금씩 차이가 났으며 강우량의 분포형이 GUM일 경우, GLO일 때에 비해 재현기간이 증가할수록 확률강우량이 증가하는 경향이 두드러졌다. Copula 모형별로 비교해보았을 때, Joe, Gumbel-Hougaard 모형은 비슷한 경향을 나타내었으며 Frank 모형은 재현기간의 증가에 따른 확률강우량의 증가가 강하게 나타냈다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

This paper is to induce design floods through L-moment with 3 and 4 parameter Kappa distributions including test of independence by Wald-Wolfowitz, homogeneity by Mann-Whitney and outlier by Grubbs-Beck on annual maximum flood flows at 9 water level gaging stations in Han, Nakdong and Geum Rivers of South Korea. After analyzing appropriateness of the data of annual maximum flood flows by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 3 and 4 Kappa distributions were applied and the appropriateness was judged. The parameters of 3 and 4 Kappa distributions were estimated by L-moment method and the design floods by water level gaging station was calculated. Through the comparative analysis using the relative root mean square errors (RRMSE) and relative absolute errors (RAE) calculated by 3 and 4 parameter Kappa distributions with 4 plotting position formulas, the result showed that the design floods by 4 parameter Kappa distribution with Weibull and Cunnane plotting position formulas are closer to the observed data than those obtained by 3 parameter Kappa distribution with 4 plotting position formulas and 4 parameter Kappa distribution with Hazen and Gringorten plotting position formulas.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.229-232
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• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate the design flood by the determination of best fitting order of LH-moments of the annual maximum series at six and nine watersheds in Korea and Australia, respectively. Adequacy for flood flow data was confirmed by the tests of independence, homogeneity, and outliers. Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Generalized Logistic (GLO) distributions were applied to get the best fitting frequency distribution for flood flow data. Theoretical bases of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments were derived to estimate the parameters of 4 distributions. L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moment ratio diagrams (LH-moments ratio diagram) were developed in this study.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.443-446
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• 2003

This study was conducted to draw design rainfall for the regional design rainfall derived by the optimal distribution and method of frequency analysis. The design rainfalls were calculated by the regional and at-site analysis for Log-Pearson type III and GEV distributions and were compared with Relative efficiency(RE) which is ratio of Relative root-mean-square error(RRMSE) by the regional and at-site analysis for Log-Pearson type III and GEV distributions. Consequently, optimal design rainfalls following the regions and consecutive durations were derived by the regional frequency analysis for GEV distribution and design rainfall maps were drawn by GIS techniques.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2013

For the analysis of radiating noise problems in medium-to-high frequency ranges, the Energy Flow Boundary Element Method (EFBEM) was developed. EFBEM is the analysis technique that applies the Boundary Element Method (BEM) to Energy Flow Analysis (EFA). The fundamental solutions representing spherical wave property for radiating noise problems in open field and considering the free surface effect in underwater are developed. Also the directivity factor is developed to express wave's directivity patterns in medium-to-high frequency ranges. Indirect EFBEM by using fundamental solutions and fictitious source was applied to open field and underwater noise problems successfully. Through numerical applications, the acoustic energy density distributions due to vibration of a simple plate model and a sphere model were compared with those of commercial code, and the comparison showed good agreement in the level and pattern of the energy density distributions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.243-256
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• 1999

Using appropriate transformations, the differential equation for flexural free vibration of a cantilever bar with variably distributed mass and stiffness is reduced to a Bessel's equation or an ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients by selecting suitable expressions, such as power functions and exponential functions, for the distributions of stiffness and mass. The general solutions for flexural free vibration of one-step bar with variable cross-section are derived and used to obtain the frequency equation of multi-step cantilever bars. The new exact approach is presented which combines the transfer matrix method and closed form solutions of one step bars. Two numerical examples demonstrate that the calculated natural frequencies and mode shapes of a 27-storey building and a television transmission tower are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. It is also shown through the numerical examples that the selected expressions are suitable for describing the distributions of stiffness and mass of typical tall buildings and high-rise structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권4호
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• pp.335-354
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• 2023

In this study, analysis of wave propagation characteristics for functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) nanoplates is performed using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and nonlocal strain gradient theory. Uniform distribution (UD) and three types of functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are assumed. The effective mechanical properties of the FG-CNTRC nanoplate are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction and are approximated based on the rule of mixture. Also, the governing equations of motion are derived via the extended Hamilton's principle. In numerical examples, the effects of nonlocal parameter, wavenumber, angle of wave propagation, volume fractions, and carbon nanotube distributions on the wave propagation characteristics of the FG-CNTRC nanoplate are studied. As represented in the results, it is clear that the internal length-scale parameter has a remarkable effect on the wave propagation characteristics resulting in significant changes in phase velocity and natural frequency. Furthermore, it is observed that the strain gradient theory yields a higher phase velocity and frequency compared to those obtained by the nonlocal strain gradient theory and classic theory.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능시스템학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.33-36
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• 2008

We introduce some properties for fuzzy binomial distributions with fuzzy valued probability. First we define fuzzy type I error and type II error for fuzzy relative frequency and agreement index. And we show that an fuzzy power function and fuzzy binomial frequency function for binomial proportion test.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.969-974
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• 2002

Thermal characteristics according to the cooling methods are studied for the three type spindles with high frequency motor. For the analysis, three dimensional mode]s are built considering heat transfer characteristics such as natural and force convection coefficients. Unsteady-state temperature distributions and thermal deformations according to the cooling conditions are analyzed by using the finite element method.