• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2014

제1,2차 세계 대전을 통해 유럽인들은 전쟁의 참담함과 잔인함을 겪게 된다. 이러한 환경 속에서 그들은 신과 인간 세계의 질서에 대한 근본적인 의문과 회의를 품게 되고 이러한 현상은 실존주의 철학으로 나타나게 된다. 부조리극은 이러한 실존주의 철학을 바탕으로 만들어진 연극의 한 장르이다. 이 연극은 전통적인 사실주의 연극에 반하는 형식을 가졌으며 인간과 사회의 부조리함을 그 내용으로 하였다. 여러 부조리 작가 중에 프랑스의 페르난도 아라발은 자기만의 독특한 형식과 내용으로 인간의 부조리한 상황을 표현하였는데 그의 작품 중 <환도와 리스>는 어린아이의 모습을 통해 어른 세계의 부조리함을 표현한 작품이다. 이 작품 속에는 보통의 부조리극이 가지는 특징들과 이 작품만이 가진 비사실적 여러 요소들이 많이 있다. 특히 이 작품의 부조리극 연기 창조를 위해 배우는 사실적인 연기 접근 방법의 활용뿐만 아니라 본 작품의 철학과 사상을 연구 분석하며 모든 부조리극적 특징들을 찾아 자기화를 시켜 역 창조의 창조적 바탕으로 삼아야 한다. 그러한 바탕 위에서 역할의 성격과 감정 그리고 행동을 파악하고 음성과 움직임 등의 비사실적 연기창조를 고민해야만 한다. 이러한 연기자의 창조 과정이 있어야 믿을 수 있고 신뢰할 수 있는 부조리극 연기를 창조할 수 있다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.411-430
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 예비수학교사 24명을 대상으로 지수함수 맥락에서 지수함수의 그래프를 어떻게 구성하는지와 각 맥락의 교수학적 적절성에 대해서 어떻게 판단하는지를 살펴보았다. 제시된 지수함수 맥락은 무수히 많은 점을 이용하는 맥락과 무수히 많은 직선을 이용하는 맥락, 무한히 지급되는 이자 맥락이었다. 연구 결과, 예비교사들은 단계별로 그래프의 개형을 제시하는 과제에서 유한개의 점에 대한 그래프의 극한이라는 아이디어 A에서 가장 높은 이해도를 나타낸 반면에 한 점에서의 변화율과 함숫값이 비례한다는 아이디어 B와 연속 복리 개념이 내포된 아이디어 C를 사용한 그래프 구성에는 어려움을 나타내었다. 지수함수 그래프 구성 맥락이 적절한가에 대한 판단은 예비교사들의 내용교수지식에, 부적절하다는 판단은 수학의 내용지식 측면에 의존하는 경향이 나타났다. 예비교사들은 각 맥락에 따른 그래프를 구성하는 과정에서 나타나는 교수학적 조건과 상황을 언급하며 그래프 구성 맥락의 적절성을 주장한 반면에, 부적절성에 대해서는 각 맥락에 내포된 수학 개념의 본질과 논리적 관계들을 언급하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.405-411
• /
• 2011

Avian influenza virus vaccines produced in oil-emulsified inactivated form with antigen content of at least 160 hemagglutinin units (HAU) induced immunity in birds. However, in addition to enhancing the effect of the adjuvant(s), other additional supplemented biological compounds included in inactivated vaccines could produce higher levels of antibody. We examined in chickens, Vietnamese ducks, and muscovy ducks the adjuvant effect of Sophy ${\beta}$-glucan (SBG), a ${\beta}$-1,3-1,6 glucan produced by the black yeast Aureobasidium pollulans strain AF0-202, when administered with an avian influenza H5 subtype vaccine. In Experiment 1, 40 chickens (ISA Brown hybrid), allocated to four groups of ten each, were immunized with Oil-H5N1(VN), Oil-H5N1(CN), Oil-H5N2(CN), and saline (control group), respectively. In Experiment 2, chickens (ISA Brown hybrid), muscovy ducks (French hybrid), and Vietnamese ducks (indigenous Vietnamese) were used to further assess the effect of SBG on immunogenicity of the Oil-H5N1(VN) Vietnamese vaccine. ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were used to assess the antibody response. The H5 subtype vaccines initiated significantly higher immune responses in the animals dosed with SBG, with 1.0-1.5 $log_2$ higher HI titers and 10-20% ELISA seroconversion, compared with those not dosed with ${\beta}$-glucan. Notably, some of the animals dosed with SBG induced HI titers higher than 9.0 $log_2$ following boosting immunization. Taken together, our serial studies indicated that SBG is a potential effector, such as enhancing the immune response to the H5 vaccines tested.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권7호
• /
• pp.973-979
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 렌틸을 이용한 새로운 기능성 소재의 개발에 우선하여 세계적으로 소비량이 비교적 많은 벨루가, 레드, 그린, 프렌치 렌틸을 연구 소재로 선정하고, 0.2% HCl을 함유한 메탄올을 이용하여 추출물을 제조한 후 이들의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 총폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 27.3~30.3 mg TAE/g과 13.14~16.29 mg QUE/g으로 다양하게 나타났으며, 그중 벨루가와 레드 렌틸이 상대적으로 높은 총폴리페놀 함량을 보였다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 및 $H_2O_2$ 소거 활성은 총폴리페놀 함량이 상대적으로 높았던 벨루가와 레드 렌틸이 다른 품종에 비해 유의적으로 높은 활성을 보였으며, 항산화 활성 및 폴리페놀함량과의 비례적 상관관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. ROS 소거 활성이 가장 높았던 벨루가 렌틸을 이용하여 linoleic acid에 대한 과산화 억제 효과를 FTC법으로 조사한 결과, $62.5{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$에서 농도 의존적으로 유의적인 산화억제효과를 보였으며 $RC_{50}$은 $222.76{\mu}g/mL$로 확인되었다. 또한, 벨루가 및 레드 렌틸 추출물은 산화적 스트레스 발생을 통해 간세포 손상을 유발하는 것으로 알려진 알코올의 세포독성으로부터 우수한 간세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 향후 추가적인 세포실험과 동물실험을 통한 렌틸의 항산화 활성 검정 및 항산화 기전에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 이를 비롯한 다양한 생리활성에 대한 연구들이 이루어진다면 기능성 소재로서 렌틸의 산업적 응용이 활발해질 것으로 기대된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.441-453
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 SNS를 이용하여 K-POP 기록물 수집활동을 하고 있는 SNS 이용자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 K-POP 기록물 수집활동 지속의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하였다. 주요 분석방법은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 경로분석을 수행하였다. 주요 결과를 요약, 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인지된 혁신특성이 인지된 유용성과 인지된 용이성에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, SNS를 통한 K-POP 관련 기록물 수집활동에 대한 적합성은 인지된 유용성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 관찰가능성은 인지된 용이성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시험가능성은 인지된 유용성과 인지된 용이성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, SNS를 이용한 K-POP 기록물 수집활동에 대한 인지된 용이성이 인지된 유용성에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 인지된 용이성은 인지된 유용성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, SNS를 이용한 K-POP 기록물 수집활동에 대한 인지된 유용성과 인지된 용이성이 K-POP 기록물 수집 활동 지속의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 인지된 유용성과 인지된 용이성은 K-POP 기록물 수집활동 지속의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 혁신확산이론과 기술수용모델의 통합을 통해 SNS를 이용한 K-POP 기록물 수집활동의 지속의도를 설명할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 복식
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.131-150
• /
• 1977

The new sense of costume is controlled by silhouette. The sense of the times is sensitively reflected in silhouette. For we can perceive the transition of the times through silhouette it is significant to know what course of changes the western costume, which almost became the international costume today, had been going through. I began with the definition and condition of silhouette in this study of silhouette. I took a general survey of silhouette study-ing various kinds of silhouette and the relation between the material and silhouette. I sought the factors which causec the changes in costume and also studies the process of the changes The process of the costume changes is studied by the order of ancient times, mediaeval times, mordern ages and present days. I selected one representative silhouette of women's costume of each period. The darpery form of the ancient time's costume became the tunic form and the tunic form became the tight tunic form today. From this we can perceive that the Gothic period was the limitation of westrn costume. It means that the ancient times was the period of drapery, the midiaeval times was the period of transition from tunic into tight tunic and the modern ages is the period of development of tight tunic. In Egyptian period thin materials were used for costume which was worn in exposed style. In Greek period the costume had the drapery style. The Roman's magnificent costume resembled the Greek's. The mediaeval costume was formed in Byzantium where the northern Europe style of costume was mixed with the gay oriental costume. The Romanesque and Gothic period followed the Byzantine period completing the midiaeval costume. Tight tunic is developed in modern ages. Italian fashion of tight tunic was the first fashion of the modern ages. Germanic and spanish fashion came after it. As Baroque period opened the French royal costume became magnificent and added Brition fashish to it. With the commencement of the modern ages the royal fashion came to an end. Modernages became peaple's period and the costume was simplified. After the First world wav designers and fashion books appeared with the development of technology. Thus the period of fashion industry came. For the designers in 20th country competed to create new designs, the fashion was changed year by year. The simplicity and practicality are not ignored in design, arid the designers added more atristic sense to dresses.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 1975

현재 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 품종중(品種中)에서 포도주생산에 가장 적합한 품종(品種)을 선택하기 위하여 품종별(品種別)로 성숙기간(成熟期間)의 성분변화(成分變化), 포도의 성분(成分) 분석(分析), 시험발효(試驗醱酵)로 얻은 포도주의 분석(分析) 및 관능검사(官能檢査)를 통하여 얻은 결과와 포도에 자연적(自然約)으로 존재(存在)하는 효모(酵母)를 분리(分離), 동정(同定)하고 선정(選定)된 균주(菌株)의 특성(特性)을 실험(實驗)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 품종(品種)에서 양조용(釀造用) 포도의 수확은 일반적 수확기보다 2주 늦게하여 당함량(糖含量)의 현저한 증가를 보였다. 2. 포도의 성분(成分) 분석(分析) 결과, Muscat Bailey A는 당함량(糖含量)이 가장 높아서 자연발효(自然醱酵)시켜 포도주를 양조(釀造)할 수 있고. Campbell Early, Steuben, Alden은 Chaptalisation이나 다른 방법으로 당함량(糖含量)을 높여 포도주생산(生産)에 이용할 수 있다. 3. 시험발효(試驗醱酵)로 얻은 포도주의 $KMnO_4$계수(係數)는 전체적으로 外國産(외국산) 포도주에 비하여 매우 낮았으며 또한 methanol 함량(含量)도 낮아서 모두 70ppm 이하였다. 4. 관능검사(官能檢査)를 통하여 pink wine이 적(赤)포도주보다 양호(良好)하며 hybrid 포도로부터 오는 포도주의Foxy taste는 우리나라 사람에게는 불쾌감을 주지 않는다는 결론을 얻었다. 5. Muscat Bailey A는 당함량(糖含量)이 높은 점과 향기 및 일반성분(一般成分)으로 보아서 산도(酸度)조절을 하면 가장 우수한 양조용(釀造用) 품종(品種)이 될 수 있다. 6. 선정(選定)된 6주(株)는 Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccaromyces globosus로 동정(同定)되었으며 alcohol 및 휘발산(揮發酸) 생성(生成)을 측정(測定), 비교한 결과 이중 No. 3과 No. 4 strain이 가장 우수하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze domestic fashion education institution's program on apparel prototype and thereupon, address the problems and find their solutions, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to improve the basic patterns of apparel and ultimately, help reinforce the professional and practical apparel design education. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. 85.1% of the subjects finished graduate or higher courses. Almost all of the college and junior college teachers finished graduate or higher courses, while only 31.6% of those teaching at technical institutes finished graduate or higher courses. Such a finding suggests that colleges tend to employ their faculty members based on their academic background but that technical institutes value the practical ability of their faculty more. 2. As a result of surveying the types of basic patterns used by teachers, it was found that 72.3% of them were using two or more patterns. The basic pattern preferred most by our teachers was Japanese culture institute's type (71.3%), followed by the US FIT type (24.5%), Lim Won-Ja's type (22.3%), French ESMOD type (17.0%). 96.3% of our apparel design students were making their basic patterns as instructed by their teachers. 3. 67.0% of our students were using their conceived sizes for production of their basic patterns, 14.9% were referring to the ready-made sizes, 8.5% were relying on their teachers' individual experiences, and 9.6% were using their own cord sizes. In order to survey the difference between teachers' sizes (ready-made sizes or individual experienced ones) and business sizes used, the basic body measurements used for ready-made apparels were surveyed to be compared with the national standard body sizes set in 1997 for women aged between 18 and 24. As a result, it was found that the ready-made sizes used for apparel production prototypes than teachers' ones were nearer the national standard sizes. Such a finding suggests that it may well be necessary for teachers to be more connected with the apparel businesses and thereby, teach their students in a more realistic way with correct information. 4. 83.0% of the subject teachers were tacking their basic patterns to be well fitting, and 76.9% of these teachers were tacking the patterns in reference with students' individual body sizes. In all, 97.4% of the subject teachers were guiding the tacking process, which suggests that the flat patternmaking is taught primarily for customized apparels. As a result of comparing the fitness of basic patterns with those of each body part, it was found that teachers were most dissatisfied with the fitness of shoulders and arm hole depth. Therefore, it will be necessary to reclassify the body types or find other drawing techniques to improve the fitness of such body parts. Nevertheless, teachers were willing much (4.18) to develop their own educational basic patterns for themselves. Lastly, it is hoped that this study will be followed up by future studies on educational prototypes covering diverse body shapes and those on practical implementations of those prototypes for students.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2009

Previous studies on the effects of speaking rate on voice onset time (VOT) of stops in English, French, Icelandic, and Thai indicate that speaking rate asymmetrically affects VOT values. That is, pre-voiced and long-lag stops vary due to the rate factor more than short-lag stops do. One suggested explanation for this asymmetry is that it is due to the necessity of maintaining phonetic contrasts among the stop categories. Since pre-voiced and long-lag stops represent the ends of the VOT scale, they encompass broad swathes of that range and consequently allow for large variations. On the other hand, the VOT variations of short-lag stops may result in overlap with the VOTs of long-lag stops. This study aimed to explore the effects of speaking rate on the VOTs of Korean stops and see whether Korean fortis and lenis stops are limited in the degrees of variation as a function of rates due to the existence of stops with larger VOT values, lenis and aspirated stops respectively. Conversely, aspirated stops were expected to show more variation since there are no other categories with longer VOTs. Fortis, lenis, and aspirated stops in /CVn/ words (C = bilabial or velar stop, V = /i/ or /a/) were examined in isolation, and at normal and fast rates in a carrier sentence. Speaking rates were controlled by alternating words or sentences on a computer screen at intervals of two seconds for the isolation- and normal-rate conditions and one second for the fast-rate condition. This study found that while the VOTs of fortis stops did not change significantly, those of lenis and aspirated stops showed considerable changes as a function of speaking rates. Also, overlap between lenis and aspirated stops occurred considerably at all speaking rates. These phenomena were interpreted to relate to the fact that VOT contrasts between lenis and aspirated stops in Korean are currently being collapsed. Large variations of lenis stops as a function of rates seem to occur due to a weak motivation to limit the degree of variations for the purpose of maintaining phonetic contrasts. The significant overlap between lenis and aspirated stops at all rates was interpreted to occur because the VOT merger between the two categories became considerably fixed. Also the percentage of correctly-classified VOTs by optimal-boundary values between lenis and aspirated stops turned out to be lower than in previously-studied languages. This was interpreted to be further evidence that VOTs are losing their role in contrasting the two stop categories in Korean.

• 인문언어
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.275-294
• /
• 2001

This article aims to define the nature of proverbs from a polyphonic point of view and examine different readings of the complement involved in the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion. An utterer of a proverb is not himself the author of the proverb. He may well be a 'speaker' of a proverb, but from a polyphonic view point he is not an 'enunciator' of the principle that underlies it. When we say that a speaker of a proverb is not its enunciator, we do not simply mean that he is not the author of the 'content' of the proverb he speaks: we mean that he is not the author of its 'form' either. The fact that a proverb loses its proverbial character when one paraphrases it proves that its form is not at the speaker's disposal. But a single factor cannot be held responsible for what a proverb is. As an indicator of the 'wisdom of the nation,' or vox populi, a proverb is the achievement of the 'collective enunciator.' The polyphony inherent in the proverb pits a particular speaker against a collective enunciator. This collective character of the proverb as a vox populi comes from its character as a phrasal denomination. Given that a proverb reflects a collective judgment and not a personal opinion, how do we interpret the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion such as I think that ...\ulcorner Such a combination gives rise to readings at distinct levels: two types of metalinguistic reading and a reading based on the content of the proverb. The first level of reading, being applicative in nature, can be local or general, depending on the speaker's opinion as to the applicability of the proverb to a situation, particular or general. These applicative readings always involve polyphonic dissociation between the speaker and the enunciator. The second level of reading, which depends on the content of the proverb, is the result of the operation of deproverbialization, which makes the proverb lose its denominative status to preserve only its status as a generic phrase. The proverb, thus deproverbialized, looks like the series 'NP + VP.' For this reading, the speaker of the proverb takes into consideration the possibility of attributing a predicate to a nominal syntagm. Here occurs an identity between the speaker and the enunciator. It is not the case, however, that one can deproverbialize just any proverbs. In approaching to a locally typifying generic phrase, a proverb admits of being deproverbialized by an opinion verb only when its form does not render it difficult, either syntactically or metaphorically, to incorporate that proverb into the relevant combination, and when the proverb intrinsically possesses the traits that meet the conditions for the use of the opinion verb at hand. One can also maintain, based on the notion of deproverbialization, that a proverb expresses a collective judgment, a deproverbialized individual judgment.