• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-80
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• 1998

In this article are proposed a theory of the French syllable and a rule of French liaison within the dependency phonology framework. The treatment offered assumes that the notion of 'floating' or 'extrametrical' segment allows for a better description than competing alternatives based on truncation or insertion. This rule was based on the consequences of positing floating segments for the structure of lexical entries and underlying phonological representations. I have described the phenomenon of French liaison and shown that insights normally associated with metrical and 'autosegmental' accounts could naturally be integrated within the syllable structure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

Background : Spontaneous pneumothorax have been managed with a variety of methods. The technique most frequently used is chest tube drainage. Small caliber catheters were first used in the management of pneumothorax complicating the percutaneous needle aspiration lung biopsy, and the try to treat spontaneous pneumothorax also has been reported. However, the value of small caliber catheters in spontaneous pneumothorax has not been fully evaluated. So, we tried to elucidate the efficacy of 8 French catheter in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Method : From January, 1990, to April, 1994, 44 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Chung-Ang university hospital were reviewed. The patients were sub-divide into 8 French catheter insertion group (n=21) and chest tube insertion group (n=23). We compared the presence of underlying lung disease, the extent of the collapse, the duration of indwelling catheter and complication between two groups. Results : 1) The duration of indwelling showed no significant difference between 8 French catheter group and chest tube. But, complication after insertion as subcutaneous emphysema was developed in only chest tube group. (p<0.05) 2) In the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, all case of the pneumothorax of which size was less than 50% showed complete healing with 8 French catheter insertion. Whereas the success rate in patients with large pneumothorax (more than 50%) was tended to be dependent on the age. 3) In the patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax who were managed with 8 French catheter, the success rate was trended to be high if the underlying disease of pneumothorax was not COPD and if the patient was young. Conclusion : These results show that 8 French catheter insertion probably was effective in the pneumothorax less than 50%, the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, young age or secondary pneumothorax not associated with COPD.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.229-248
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• 2017

This paper is a study on French of Lee Sang's poems called metaphysical scandals in Korean poetry. Is poetic language he used a common poetic word or a non-poetic word in French? What kind of harmony do words and sentences composed of French have with Korean, Chinese character, and non-poetic word? Based on these questions, we analyzed a command of French, that is symbolic, geometrical, and pictorial French as well as repetitive and parallel constitution used in form of words and sentences. In Lee Sang's poems, as a result, the use of French is seen as a mixture of non-poetic word. It shows characteristics that reject traditional native language and the creation of poetry. In his poems, French is also an important factor of avant-garde poetic material and experimental creation technique. In his poems, French is used as a special tool to express internal conflicts of the poet. Lee Sang showed experimental style that could not be found in modern Korean literature by using signifier and signifed that french language has.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.141-166
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• 2016

France owns a unique film production process with the big share of public funding. In its background there is the most developed film support scheme in the world. We consider the French film industry has the fair competition order than any other country. This study follows the French film production process from the project planning to film screening. It looks into various aspects French cinema: production scale of French films, investment/production agreement, actors casting, decision of the film budget, major investors, staffs' wages and collective convention, screening, overseas sales and profit-sharing. It aims to get across the French film industry, especially the film production sector. As a case study, we choose a romantic comedy, Heartbreaker(L'Arnacœur) made in 2010. This study presents a French film industry structure. It will give you some hints to reconsider the existing problems of Korean film industry, for example, screen monopoly, vertical integration of conglomerates, poor secondary market, low earnings rate… etc.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.233-265
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• 2014

The objective of this article is to emphasize the importance of French grammar and apply effective ways in the course considering the results of investigations conducted by teachers and learners. In the first part, we observed different types of the theory of grammar teaching. The key point in choosing a theory of grammar is to adopt a learning objective defined by the level of learners. To do this, the teacher must find methods that enable learners to achieve a gradual grammatical knowledge. In the second part, we focused on the conscience of the learners et teachers in respect of the grammar's importance. Learners and teachers agreed on the importance of French grammar. However, it is essential to find effective methods that can not only attract the interest of learners but also give students the motivation towards learning French grammar. Regarding the correlation between the learning of linguistic communication and the teaching of grammar, it is very important to familiarize learners with the following facts: - The grammar is not an independent component of the other with regard to the teaching of French. - You can get a satisfactory result on learning grammar provided that it takes place in the course of linguistic communication. What we have proposed in this article is not an absolute solution to improve the course of French, with regard to learning grammar. However, we hope that this study could help to facilitate the teaching of French grammar.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.15-20
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• 1986

This paper gives a survey to robotics research and application in France. After a overview of French position in world market, an analysis on the R & D effort and technical peculiarity are presented. In view of the increasing needs for international co-operation in advanced robotics, the author points out the French option as a diversifing source.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2004

The age after the French Revolution was the period of experiment and change in dress for both men and women. Directly after the close of the Reign of Terror, Directoire(1795-1799) became the extreme fashion known as incroyables and merveilleuses which mean 'impossible' or 'unimaginable'. This study aimed to investigate the sociocultural phenomena which affect to clothing change through the French Revolution period and clothing analysis of incroyables and merveillues. Furthermore, this study will contribute to establishing the theory of clothing culture and help predicting clothing change in accordance with social circumstances. Incroyables and merveilleuses represent extreme opposites in sleekness of attire and grooming. Incroyables required an unkempt, wrinkled appearance and a contrived carelessness. Merveilleuseses show the exaggerated transparency and simplicity in the fashions of female. Also, they devoted to the worship of the antique and the masculine fashions. This fashion madness appeared as the result of revolutionary social change. Their costume showed characteristics of the transition period between French Revolution and Classic period. However, they simply carried existing tendencies to the point of caricature by an enthusiastic overstatement.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2003

This paper compares the syllable structure of French and Korean analyzing the speech data of these two languages recorded during the actual speech. Reference to the syllable structure of French is made from F. Wioland's research data. As for the Korean data, the primary data are drawn from the 30-minute radio interview in which two male TV anchors in their early 60s talk to each other. The secondary source of the data is collected by having the primary data replicated by the two male announcers in their early 20's broadcasting in the university ra야o station of KAIST. With reference to the data collected in French and Korean, this paper provides the statistical frequency of each type of syllable structure in each language through the acoustic analysis of the spectrograms and renders a phonetic account of the characteristics of each syllable type in the two languages. Also discussed in this paper is the distributional condition in which each syllable structure is laid out in the speech context.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.177-206
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• 2022

At different times in the 19^th century, the Straits Settlements and Cochinchina were both colonies that the British and the French captured the earliest in their process of invasion of Malaya and Vietnam, respectively. This study examines the transitional stage from the traditional school system to colonial school system in the Straits Settlements and Cochinchina. This could also be considered an experimental stage for building later education systems in their expanded colonies, namely British Malaya and French Indochina, from the closing decades of the 19^th century to the middle of the 20^th century. This study, exploiting various sources and applying the comparative approach, identifies the factors that affected the different attitudes and choices of policy towards traditional education models of indigenous communities (the Malays and Vietnamese) pursued by the British in the Straits Settlements and the French in Cochinchina.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-68
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• 2023

In recent years, French courts have decided to adopt an uncompromising stance in the fight against corruption in international arbitration. While French enforcement/annulment courts were originally conducting a limited review of arbitral awards dealing with corruption allegations on international public policy grounds, they now carry a full re-examination of such awards accepting that a corruption plea be raised for the first time before them and admitting new evidence. What is at stake, in terms of international public policy, is to define the happy medium between, on the one hand, the necessity to preserve the enforceability of international arbitral awards, and, the necessity to fight corruption. This paper presents the evolution of French case law in the past years and makes a critical assessment of the French approach by comparison with other jurisdictions.