• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2001

다양한 침지 저장액에 의한 깐밤의 갈변억제에 따른 저장 효과를 비교하였다. 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 저장초기에 13.36 mg%로 매우 낮게 나타났으나, 무처리구는 저장 17일까지 59.12 mg%로 증가 후 다시 감소하였다. 전해산화수 처리구는 저장 8일에 61.02 mg%로 갑작스런 증가를 보인 후 감소하였고, 그 외의 처리구에서는 저장 초기에 미세한 변화를 보이다가 저장 11일에 갑작 스럽게 증가하는 경량을 나타내었다. Polyphenol oxidase 활성의 변화는 기질의 증가시기보다 조금 앞서 증가되기 시작하였으며, 무처리구가 저장 11일에 1,152 units로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 명반수 처리구가 저장 8일에 1,117 units로 다른 처리구에 비하여 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 4주간 저장하였을 때에는 유자와 레몬과즙 첨가 전해산화수 처리구가 각각 143.3 units와 180.22 units을 나타내어 타 처리구에 비하여 갈변이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 색도 및 관능검사를 통하여 저장기간을 예측하며 본 결과, 무처리구의 경우는 14일, 명반수, 전해산화수 및 NaCl을 첨가한 전해산화수의 경우는 21일, 유자와 레몬을 첨가한 전해산화수 처리구는 28일까지도 저장이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1995

본 연구는 수평원통내에 물을 체적비($V_l/V_{tot}$) 0.50, 0.91로 각각 장입한 후 물의 조기 과열온도와 벽면 냉각온도를 각각 변화시키면서 내향 응고시켰을 경우, 시간에 따른 상변화물질의 평균온도, 상경계면의 형상, 응고율, 응고에너지 등을 실험적으로 구하여 이를 비교 검토한 것이다. 응고진행시 상경계면은 물의 초기 과열온도가 높을수록 응고초기에 상단부분이 하단부분보다 빠르게 진행되었으나 응고가 진행됨에 따라 상하단의 상격계면 전진속도는 거의 동일하게 나타났다. 동일한 온도조건에서 전과정에 걸친 응고율($M_s/M_{tot}$)은 체적비 0.5인 경우가 0.91인 경우 보다 크게 나타나 수평원통내 물의 내향응고시 물의 체적비($V_l/V_{tot}$) 변화에 의한 영향도 고려하여야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement was measured as a function of some selected construction variables that are often encountered in practice. They are initial (or compaction) water content, delayed compaction after mixing, and repeated freezing and thawing. Sandy and clayey soils were used. The hardening agent used was a cement based soil stabilizer consisting of 80% of ordinary Portland cement and 20% of a combination of supplementary materials. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement with varying initial water content was, in trend, similar to that of compacted clay. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement decreased with increasing initial water content and reached its minimum when compacted wet of optimum water content. Pore size distributions of soil cement at different initial water contents were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The analysis showed that dryer condition led to the formation of larger pores with lesser total pore volume; smaller pores with larger total pore volume at wetter condition. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement increased by orders in magnitude when specimen underwent delayed compaction of longer than 4 hours after mixing and repeated freezing and thawing.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1993

Upon freezing a soil swells due to phase change and its compression stress increase a lot. As the soil undergo thawing, however, it becomes a soft soil layer because the 'soil changes from a solid state to a plastic state. These changes are largely dependent on freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle as well as the density of the soil and applied loading condition. This study was initiated to describe the effect of the freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle on the unconfined compressive strength. Soil samples were collected at about 20 sites where soil structures were installed in Kangwon provincial area and necessary laboratory tests were conducted. The results could be used to help manage effectively the field structures and can be used as a basic data for designing and constructing new projects in the future. The results were as follows ; 1. Unconfined compressive strength decreased as the number of freezing and thawing cycle went up. But the strength increased as compression speed, water content and temperature decreased. The largest effect on the strength was observed at the first freezing and thawing cycle. 2. Compression strain went up with the increase of deformation speed, and was largely influenced by the number of the freezing-thawing cycle. 3. Secant modulus was responded sensitivefy to the material of the loading plates, increased with decrease of temperature down to - -10$^{\circ}$C, but was nearly constant below the temperature. Thixotropic ratio characteristic became large as compression strain got smaller and was significantly larger in the controlled soil than in the soil treated with freezing and thawing processes 4. Vertical compression strength of ice crystal(development direction) was 3 to 4 times larger than that of perpendicular to the crystal. The vertical compression strength was agreed well with Clausius-Clapeyrons equation when temperature were between 0 to 5C$^{\circ}$, but the strength below - 5$^{\circ}$C were different from the equation and showed a strong dependency on temperature and deformation speed. When the skew was less then 20 degrees, the vertical compression strength was gradually decreased but when the skew was higher than that, the strength became nearly constant. Almost all samples showed ductile failure. As considered above, strength reduction of the soil due to cyclic freezing-thawing prosses must be considered when trenching and cutting the soil to construct soil structures if the soil is likely subject to the processes. Especially, if a soil no freezing-thawing history, cares for the strength reduction must be given before any design or construction works begin. It is suggested that special design and construction techniques for the strength reduction be developed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.240-243
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• 2001

The effect of cryoprotectants and suspending solutions on the preservation of marine heterotophic bacteria was investigated. Six halotolerant and four halophilic bacterial isolates suspended in either distilled water or artificial seawater were preserved in glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide at -70$\^{C}$, respectively. After one year of preservation, the recovery rates on the appropriate agar plates were estimated. The survival rate was found to be dependent on the strain tested, regardless of the preservation conditions tested.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1989

In this research programs, a series test was conducted to show the effects of freeze/thaw process on the various soil properties. The tests were carried out taken from the west sea shore of Korean peninsular and the west sea shore of Scotland, and their results are as follows; 1. There was a positive total heave in a freezing run, although water may he expelled for the sample initially. The water flow must he reverse' from expulsion to intake. 2. The confining pressure had an overriding influence on the heave and frost penetration, a sudden change of the axial strain at failure with strain rate was observed occuring at a strain rate between 10-5 and 10-6, and the initial friction angle of frozen clay was appeared zero. 3. There was shown a significant decrease in liquid limit of soil which was subjected to freeze/thaw process for the initial value of about 20% because of soil particles aggregation. 4. The cyclic freeze/thaw caused a sinificant reduction in shear strength and its thixotropic regain. The frozen/thawed soil exibited negative strength regain, particularly at high freeze/thaw cycles. 5. The freezing temperature greatly influenced on the failure strength of soils and this. Trend was more pronounced the lower the freezing temperature and shown the ductile failure with indistinct peaks.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.233-236
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• 2003

This study is intended to investigate the resistance of frost damage of concrete for planting, which recycled aggregate is used, by freezing in air and thawing in water. According to the results, if AE agent of 0.005% is mixed in making concrete for planting, it is thought that the resistance of frost damage is guaranteed in winter because concrete for planting is not under severe freezing and thawing function, but under natural weather action.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.169-174
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• 1996

It have been announced that concrete subjected to freezing and thawing cause deterioration by expanded inside water and contracted at thawing. However, this study descrebe the deterioration mechanism of concrete by freezing and thawing test. Embeded strain gauges were used to measure the inside restrict strain due to the temperature differenct inside and outside the concrete test specimens. Test results showed that using the air entrained admixture and expanded poly-styrene was developed durability of concrete by decreasing inside retrict strain ratio.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.763-771
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 전기자장 및 송풍식 냉동 방법이 냉동 중육의 온도 변화 및 해동 후의 이화학적 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 우육(등심 및 우둔), 돈육(삼겹 및 뒷다리) 및 계육(가슴 및 다리)을 구매하여 공시 재료로 사용하였으며 냉동은 전기자장 냉동법 및 송풍식 냉동법($-20^{\circ}C$, $-45^{\circ}C$)의 세가지 방법을 사용하였다. 육의 이화학적 특성변화를 분석하기 위하여 해동감량, 가열감량, 보수력 및 일반성분 분석을 실시하였다. 냉동 중 육의 온도 변화 비교에서는 축종 및 부위에 관계없이 전기자장 냉동법(2 h)의 냉동 완료 시간이 $-20^{\circ}C$ 및 $-45^{\circ}C$ 송풍식 냉동법(24 h 및 8 h)보다 짧은 결과가 나타났다. 해동 후 품질 평가 결과에서 해동감량은 전기자장 냉동법을 이용한 우육 등심이 4.80%로 가장 낮았지만, 가열감량과 보수력에서는 43.7% 및 60.7%로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 부위 및 냉동 방법에 따른 회분 함량에는 차이가 없었지만, 조단백, 조지방 및 수분함량은 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 지방함량은 전기자장 냉동법 우육의 등심과 우둔이 각각 10.4% 및 4.7%로 낮았지만, 수분함량은 67.1% 및 71.9%로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 단백질 함량은 계육 가슴(23.4%, 24.1% 및 23.1%)에서 가장 높았으며, 보수력에 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단되었다. 본 실험 결과 전기자장 방법이 송풍식 방법보다 냉동 시간이 짧고 해동감량, 가열감량 및 보수력 실험에서 유의적으로 좋은 결과를 나타내어 식육의 품질을 떨어뜨리지 않을 것으로 기대할 수 있었으며, 축종 및 부위별 비교 결과 수분과 단백질 함량이 낮고 지방함량이 높은 부위일수록 드립이 적은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 PVC 오수받이를 대상으로 상용 프로그램인 FEM LAB(ver. 3.2)을 이용하여 여러 시공 환경조건에서 오수받이 내부에 설치된 악취방지용 Z형 트랩 내부에 잔류하고 있는 물의 겨울철 동결여부를 평가하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 외부온도 $-20^{\circ}C$가 42일간 지속되더라도 토양이 건조한 상태라면 Z형 트랩에 남아 있는 물이 동결되지 않음을 알 수 있다. 토양이 습윤 상태일 경우 약 14일 정도, 토양이 일반상태의 경우 약 17일 정도가 지나면 Z형 트랩이 위치한 지면으로부터 60cm 지점이 Z형 트랩 내에 동결될 가능성이 있으나, 토양이 건조한 상태에 있을 경우에는 42일이 지나도 지면으로부터 60cm 지점은 영상의 온도를 유지하는 것으로 보아 Z형 트랩 내에 있는 물이 동결되지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있다.