• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2023

Purpose - This paper assesses the trade potential and efficiency of Korea and China in the aquatic products trade. Trade efficiency and potential are the main factors that affect the growth of a country's trade. In this study, a time-varying stochastic frontier trade gravity model was constructed to analyze the trade potential and efficiency between Korea and China. By integrating the results of trade theory and empirical analysis, measures and suggestions were proposed to encourage the release of trade potential of fish exports between Korea and China. Design/methodology - In this paper, GDP per capita instead of economic size was chosen as an explanatory variable, and population size and relative distance were selected as explanatory variables to measure trade potential. For trade non-efficiency terms, regional organizations, political factors, and economic factors were mainly considered, and variables such as free trade agreements, political stability, regulatory quality, government efficiency, currency freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom, and trade freedom were selected. Panel data for South Korea and 14 aquatic products trading partners (including China) from 2002 to 2020 were used in the empirical analysis. Findings - In the past 19 years, South Korea's export trade potential of aquatic products to China has never been lower than 70%. It was above 90% from 2006 to 2018, and has been at a high level for a long time. This shows that China's aquatic product market has large potential for development. Originality/value - This study examines the effectiveness and potential of South Korea's exports of aquatic items to China in a methodical and comprehensive empirical manner. The evaluation of the export trade potential of South Korea's aquatic goods to China is more precise when the effects of regional organization, political, and economic variables are taken into account in the trade non-efficiency term of the stochastic frontier gravity model. At the same time, we propose to increase the scale of South Korea's aquatic products trade from the perspective of China's demand. This issue of trade studies is underexplored both empirically and in theory, although the issue has long been important to Korean and world trade.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.25-43
• /
• 2022

Purpose - This study is to investigate the direct and moderating effect of intangible variable like economic freedom to facilitating factors on FDI(foreign direct investment) inflows and the difference of facilitating factors by the stage of economic development. Design/methodology/approach - Fixed-effect panel regression analysis with 19-year macro economic data from 2000 to 2019 including economic freedom index from Fraser Institute in 13 developed and 15 developing countries was used. Research implications or Originality - In analysis of direct effect of 5 sectors in economic freedom, the influence of economic freedom was shown weaker than other macro economic factors on FDI inflows, which indicates that actual development of economic factors are more important. The effect of economic freedom on FDI inflows at the stage of economic development differed. In developed countries, human capital, GDP, export, free trade and regulation affected FDI inflows in decreasing order, as did human capital, GDP, consumption expenditure, export, investment expenditure, government expenditure, free trade and sound money in developing countries. In analysis of moderating effect of economic freedom, a domestic and international market size, a flexible labor market which can provide a cheaper good human resources and government expenditures for improving social infrastructure under free economic environment facilitated FDI inflows. However, the statistical significance of moderating effect on export was not shown, which indicates that economic freedom policy itself without actual improvement of exports could not attract FDI inflows.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.121-138
• /
• 2014

China and Korea have interacted with each other for 20 years since 1992 when China and Korea established diplomatic relations. During this period, the trade and investment between two countries have increased rapidly. In addition to the enhancement of economic cooperation and the expansion of personal exchange, the relationship between two countries was upgraded to mutual strategic cooperative relationship in 2008 from the 1 friendly and cooperative relations and the economic exchange and cooperation were largely expanded. In this paper, the current situation and characteristics of the trade between China and Korea were figured out. In order to find out the development direction of China and Korea trade, through empirical analysis, the correlation of decisive factors that influence the trade amount of these two countries were analyzed. In terms of dependent variables for the empirical analysis, the trade amount between China and Korea was considered. While the GDP of these countries, the direct investment amount of two countries and the openness of external trade of these countries were considered as independent variables. The degree of economic freedom of these countries was set as policy variable. According to the analysis results, when the GDP of China and Korea is getting higher, there is positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. It is showed that the direct investment of Korea has positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. Meanwhile, there is negative influence of China's direct investment on the trade amount. When the degree of freedom of these countries is getting higher, the influence of trade amount was showed significantly. Furthermore, when the economic freedom of these countries is getting higher, the insignificant things about trade amount of China and Korea were extracted as insignificant.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2017

Recently global society has been interested in the alleviation of poverty in the developing countries. Fair trade has gotten lots of attention as the new way to release the poor situation of the developing countries through the favored trade deal. This research endeavored to reveal the problems of fair trade in the context of the subalternity of producers in the developing countries. Fair trade as a social movement has been carried out under the principle of fairness with the partnership between developed and developing countries, pursuing on the sustainable development of the developing countries. However, it has been revealed that fair trade is not the right way to overcome the poverty of developing countries. The main reason for the unfairness of fair trade was due to the developed countries led programs which are very similar to aid programs, thus this study suggests the necessity of producer-led development program as a practical performance of the producers in the developing countries for fair trade. For this development, this research put emphasis on the perceptual transition for development, renewed understanding of market value, development as freedom, and the importance of individuality for local development in the context of postdevelopment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.421-421
• /
• 2000

In this paper, robust two-degree-of-freedom controller for satellite antenna system which tracks reference signal is designed. Two-degree-of-freedom controller consists of a prefilter and a feedback controller to solve trade-off between robust stability and command response. The feedback controller is designed from specifications like stability, disturbance rejection and robustness via H$_{\infty}$ design technique. In the sequel, H$_2$ optimal prefilter is introduced to improve the command response. This suggests a two-step design, with different types of performance specifications at each stage. In practical problems, this may easily lead to a prefilter of unacceptably high order. In order to avoid high order prefilter we use a particular structure in which both the prefilter and the feedback controller share the same dynamics. H$_2$-prefilter technique proposed in this paper is verified by simulation.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.293-313
• /
• 2016

In the East Asian region, the advancement of trade networks is being facilitated, which turns out that economic integration across borders is being advanced due to FTA expansion, freedom of business activity growing through the reform of regulatory system in each country, and the processing of division of labor between processes across borders. Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP), which is a U.S. led multilateral FTA, was signed on February 4 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand by 12 countries, by which changes in the East Asia Trade Network are also expected. For this reason, this study examined the impact that TPP would have on East Asia Trade Network. According to the result of this study, it was determined that TPP, as the regulation and system which will lead globalization of the supply chain, will change Supply Chain structure and result in a positive effect on Value Chain. This will have a significant impact on the East Asian trade network, and connect to enhanced competitiveness of participating enterprises. In addition, TPP seems to be the basis for realization of FTAAP(Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific) in the future, Therefore, Korea who has high Degree of Dependence upon Foreign Trade will have to pay make political effort to effectively deal with this changing trading environment in East Asia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.216-226
• /
• 2022

With the signing of the China-Korea FTA agreement, it is of great practical significance to study the potential of electronic product trade between China and South Korea under the new situation to promote the development of electronic product trade between the two countries. Based on this, this paper selects the data related to the trade of electronic products between China and South Korea from 2005 to 2019. First, it analyzes the factors of the trade potential of electronic products between the two countries by building a trade gravity expansion model, and then calculates and compares the electronic products between China and South Korea. trade potential. The research results show that: (1) The economic scale, population scale and APEC member countries have a promoting effect on the trade volume between China and South Korea. The geographical distance has an inhibitory effect on the trade volume between China and South Korea. Trade freedom has a significant misuse of promotion for China's electronics trade, while it has no significant effect on South Korea's electronics trade. (2) After 2015, China's electronic product export trade potential to South Korea is huge. There is also a certain potential in South Korea's trade in electronic products with China, which needs to be explored with active policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.33B no.6
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 1996

A numerous designs of PI controllers have been suggested to solve out trade-off between tracing and regulating problems. We constructed the PI controller system with two-degree-of-freedom that is more analytic and a better approach to a practical one. In the conventional H$_{2}$ design of optimal PI controllers, the cost function includes only the plant output terms due to the divergent problems. Since the platn input temr is not considered in PI controller design, occasionally, the plant input thends to be either very large or saturated. To solve the prior mentioned problems, we employed a mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ method that combines the H$_{2}$ design method to decide optimal parameters of PI controller and the $H_2/H_{\infty}$ design method to minimize the maximum amplitude of plant input. The calculation time of the H$_{infty}$ norm was considerably reduced by the simple scalar function obtained by the wiener-hopf factorization of non-scalar functions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.107-121
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determining factors of foreign direct investment(FDI) of Korea by using institutioanl theory. In addition, this study divides institutional facts into the formal and the informal institutions. The empirical test implements multiful regression analysis focuing on korean electronics and automotive industry. The dependent variables are FDI outflow and the independent ones are corruption, econimic freedom, political risk, human development, and culturan distance. According to the empirical results, corruptin and human development have positive effects on Korean FDI outflow. On the other hand, political risks and economic freedom have negative effects on Korean FDI outflow. This results indicate the importance of forman and informal institutional facotrs as determinants of Korean FDI outflow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.627-628
• /
• 2022

There is no internationally accepted codified definition of digital trade because of the wide variety and scope of related industries and transactions(product + service + data) in general. Recently, innovative changes are taking place in digital trade due to the development of technologies such as IT due to the 4th industrial revolution, and advanced countries such as the US, EU, and Japan are including digital trade issues such as data movement liberalization in the negotiation agenda of the digital trade agreement. The issue with the liberalization of cross-border data movement is that freedom of data movement is necessary to vitalize digital trade, but it also increases the risk of information security and privacy violations. Looking at the directions of advanced countries, the US favors minimization of regulations, Europe favors regional single marketization, but passively opens up to the outside world, and China promotes independent markets through regulations. Therefore, measures to strengthen restrictions on cross-border data movement are an issue that has recently been implemented by each country or an international aggrement is scheduled to be reached soon, and Korea also needs a close response.