• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

An enzymatic process was developed to produce protein hydrolysater form defatted soya protein. Various unit operations were tried, and the effects of pre- and post-treatments on the product characteristics such as degree of hydroylsis (DH), free amino acid content (%FAA) and average molecular weight (MW) were investigated. The use of acid washes showed no difference in %DH. Increasing pH during pre-cooking gave lower %DH. Alkaline cooking made too much insoluble protein, thus the protein yield was too small. A better hydrolysis with more acceptable taste was obtained when the combination of Neutrase/Alcalase/Flavourzyme was used in place of Alcalase/Flavourzyme combination; Untoasted defatted soya was more effective on the proteolysis than toasted one. The MW of the evaporated and spray dried product was higher than that of undried product, due to precipitation of low-solubility components. When ultrafiltration and the product concentration carried out the product separation by reverse osmosis, the solubility and the taste of the product were improved. The difference between enzyme hydrolysate and acid hydrolysate was significant in free amino acid composition, especially in tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine and asparagine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1994

For a given $C^{*}$-dynamical system (A, G, .alpha.) with a G-simple $C^{*}$-algebra A (that is A has no proper .alpha.-invariant ideal) many authors have studied the simplicity of a $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G. In [1] topological freeness of an action is shown to guarantee the simplicity of the reduced $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G when A is G-simple. In this paper we investigate the pure infiniteness of a simple $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha}$ G of a purely infinite simple $C^{*}$-algebra A and a topologically free action .alpha. of a finite group G, and find a sufficient condition in terms of the action on the spectrum of the multiplier algebra M(A) of A. Showing this we also prove that some extension of a topologically free action is still topologically free.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.43
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• pp.357-364
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• 1997

After the buyer purchases the product, the seller's role does not end. If the product fails to function properly before the end of the warranty period, the seller is responsible for its repair or replacement under the seller's warranty policy. There are two common types of warranty policies: the free replacement warranty and the rebate warranty. Under the free replacement warranty policy, replacement or repairs during the warranty period are provided by the seller free of charge to the buyer. Under the rebate warranty policy, a failed item is replaced by a new one or is repaired at a cost to the age of the failed item. The rebate warranty is most often used for items such as a battery or an automobile tire which wear out and must be replaced at failure. This paper proposes a easy way of estimating the warranty cost under the free replacement warranty policy assuming an exponential product failure function on repairable products.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of store attributes of Korean consumers and to analyze it's influence on consumer satisfaction in duty free stores which gain ground inch by inch in the distribution chanel. And it is to find discriminative result as compared with foreign consumer. Research design, data, and methodology - Subjects for the quantitative study, quota sampling was adopted in the Lotte, Shilla downtown and airport duty free stores from the first to 15^th December 2016 and 177 questionnaires from Koreans who had purchasing experience in off line duty free store were analyzed. The data was analyzed by using factor and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, the independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. To test consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. Results - The result were as follows; 1. Korean consumers consider the importance of store attributes in duty free stores in order Product, Economic Feasibility, Convenience, Promotion, and Accessibility. 2. The meaningful impactive factors of duty free store attributes on consumer satisfaction turned out Product and Promotion. 3. These results show meaningful distinction between Koreans and foreigners in terms of consumer satisfaction in duty free stores. Conclusions - A marketer who is working for duty free store consider now that price benefit can not give strong impact to Korean consumers more and should concentrate on various brand assortment even including private brand. In terms of promotion, most duty free shops put special stress on foreign consumer's wants now as highly increasing of Chinese travelers but Korean consumer's sales portion and number of visitor also are steadily increasing. Therefore, a duty free marketer should prepare the Korean-oriented services with more enhanced promotion strategies for individual and group travellers, for example, a mileage service, VIP room and social network system to satisfy Korean consumers. In order to get satisfaction from Korean consumers, it makes effort on product and promotion than accessibility, price and convenience. Due to high level influence, further study is needed to enlarge to on-line market and to develop private brands for duty free stores.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.597-609
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• 2008

In this paper, we will consider certain amalgamated free product structure in crossed product algebras. Let M be a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space Hand G, a group and let ${\alpha}$ : G${\rightarrow}$ AutM be an action of G on M, where AutM is the group of all automorphisms on M. Then the crossed product $\mathbb{M}=M{\times}{\alpha}$ G of M and G with respect to ${\alpha}$ is a von Neumann algebra acting on $H{\bigotimes}{\iota}^2(G)$, generated by M and $(u_g)_g{\in}G$, where $u_g$ is the unitary representation of g on ${\iota}^2(G)$. We show that $M{\times}{\alpha}(G_1\;*\;G_2)=(M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;G_1)\;*_M\;(M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;G_2)$. We compute moments and cumulants of operators in $\mathbb{M}$. By doing that, we can verify that there is a close relation between Group Freeness and Amalgamated Freeness under the crossed product. As an application, we can show that if $F_N$ is the free group with N-generators, then the crossed product algebra $L_M(F_n){\equiv}M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;F_n$ satisfies that $$L_M(F_n)=L_M(F_{{\kappa}1})\;*_M\;L_M(F_{{\kappa}2})$$, whenerver $n={\kappa}_1+{\kappa}_2\;for\;n,\;{\kappa}_1,\;{\kappa}_2{\in}\mathbb{N}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.645-651
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• 1997

The group $V(ZD_4)$ of units of augmentation 1 in the integral group ring $ZD_4$ is characterized as the generalized free product of $D_4$ and $D_4$ with the centers amalgamated.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.651-655
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• 2018

In this paper, based on an augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional(LKF) with time-delay product quadratic terms, the stability result in the form of linear matrix inequality(LMI) is proposed. In getting an LMI result, the free matrix based integral inequality is used. Finally, two well-known numerical examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed result.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new coding technique for constructing error correcting high rate DC-free multimode code using a generator matrix generated from a sparse parity-check matrix. The scheme exploits high rate generator matrixes for producing distinct candidate codewords. The decoding complexity depends on whether the syndrome of the received codeword is zero or not. If the syndrome is zero, the decoding is simply performed by expurgating the redundant bits of the received codeword. Otherwise, the decoding is performed by a sum-product algorithm. The performance of the proposed scheme can achieve a reasonable DC-suppression and a low bit error rate.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.159-174
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• 2012

This study investigate the role of consumer's perception of quality in new technology adoption process in China which is given little attention in the field of Information System and Communication Technology. Here, we developed a simple model in the level of consumer perception by exploring the antecedent of perceived quality. Three factors are introduced as determinants of perceived quality: perceived usefulness, perceived risk and trialability. An empirical study is conducted with analysis of the adoption mechanism of a new innovative product. Data analysis results support some of our proposed hypotheses. It indicates that perceived quality is positively related to the adoption intention and fully mediates the relationship between triablility and purchase intention. And we conclude that a product's perceived quality plays an important role in adoption intention. And what makes Chinese customers perceive product's quality good is a trialability of a product. This suggests that when market managers plan to launch products in China, they need to craft an effective strategy based on the market system of the consumer especially understanding the consumers' critical factor for adopting a new product. Chinese are more interested to purchase a product with free trial and free experiential period, therefore, suggesting an advertisement highlighting the trialability of a product is possible in China.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2007

We study crossed products of the free group and semigroup $C^*-algebras$ by actions of ${\mathbb{R}$, i.e., flows, and estimate and compute their stable rank.