• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to determinate the effect of fluorescent light and light-emitting diodes on the leaf morphology, growth and antioxidant capacity of Salvia plebeia. The plants were grown for 56 days after transplanting (DAT) under the fluorescent light (FL) and LEDs (White, Red and Blue (R+B, ratio 2:1), Blue, Red LED) under the same light intensity and photoperiod ($130{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 12 hours). Leaf length, width and number of Salvia plebeia at the 56 DAT were significantly higher under the FL and red LED, and lower in the RB LED and white LED. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoot and leaf area were observed in the red LED, followed by the FL and blue LED, and the lowest in the RB LED and white LED. After 21 DAT, leaf apinasty symptom was appeared in plants grown under red LED and RB LED. The chlorophyll content was lower in the red LED. The specific leaf weight, the ratio of leaf dry weight to area, was higher in the blue LED, and lowest in the FL. No significant difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity of Salvia plebeia under the different light sources. All the integrated results suggest that the FL light is a proper light conditions for a closed cultivation of Salvia plebeia.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2018

Nutrients generated from various land uses lead to eutrophication during the influx of water, and it is necessary to apply the LID techniques to reduce nutrients from nonpoint sources in order to mitigate the occurrence of the algal bloom. This study was carried out to derive the design factors of hybrid artificial wetland (HCW) to increase the removal efficiency of nutrients. HCW system was constructed in the year 2010 for the treatment of rainfall runoffs from parking lots and roads composed of 100% impervious floors in the Cheonan campus of Kongju University. The average nutrients removal efficiency of TN and TP was 74% and 72%, respectively. Both TN and TP removal efficiencies were higher than those of free surface wetlands and subsurface flow wetlands due to activated physical and ecological mechanisms. The critical design parameters for the efficient nutrients removal in the artificial wetlands were the ratio of the surface area to the catchment area (SA/CA), land use, the rainfall runoff, and the rainfall intensity. The optimal carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was estimated at 5: 1 to 10.3: 1. The results of this study can be applied to the efficient design of hybrid artificial wetlands to treat nutrients in urban runoff with high efficiency.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.573-580
• /
• 2010

The earlier KANSEI evaluation had to choose not to overlap the opposite meaning of the words, had to choose that some figures are shown step by step and had to choose be prepared things in advance. However, The Study shows a method which visualizes the imprecise evaluations of human without choosing evaluation items which are not prepared figures. The program is used the way which is entered by hand-drawing that the subjects use the way to enter their subjective feelings about the evaluations presented by using the mouse or the graphics tablet. It is possible to express imprecise things about evaluations and the method of drawing is free. The program provides that we can express our thinking by drawing and there are a few limits and the prescribed standard. The area ratio of each circle is expressed as a pie chart and the area of circle what is drawn which is counted automatically at the same time. These things are possible not only to modify a transparency, a thickness of a line, a color and the area of circle what is drawn, but also to adjust the area of circle. The conceptual model is visualized that expresses something by hand-drawing such as a circle. The conceptual model has wide range of applications such as a personnel evaluation, a suffering evaluation and product evaluation. The program currently has been testing the effective of the program's possibilities which is used with the personnel appraisal tool of the nurses themselves who work in nurse support department where the St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital is. And also the program is proceeding with development to visualize the conceptual model by dynamic interfaces effectively and the program is applied such as KJ method and a program is used to express the kind of the patient's pain and its level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.1559-1563
• /
• 2009

Scaled-up production of oil containing diacylglycerol (DAG), so called diacylglycerol-oil, was produced by lipase-catalyzed reaction. Mixture of soybean oil and glyceryl monooleate with 1:2 molar ratio was esterified with Lipozyme RMIM in a batch-type reactor at 55$^{\circ}C$ and 300 rpm during 6 hr. After short-path distillation for removal of monoacylglycerol and free fatty acid as reaction by-products, diacylglycerol-oil mainly consisted of DAG (29 area%) and TAG (71 area%). The major compositional fatty acids in diacylglycerol-oil were oleic (44.36 wt%), and linoleic acids (37.36 wt%). Acid value and iodine value of diacylglycerol-oil were 0.13 and 112.6, respectively. Solid fat content (SFC) of diacylglycerol-oil was observed after differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis in which three melting peaks at -25.0, 0.1, and 11.2$^{\circ}C$ were shown.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.4514-4523
• /
• 2013

Currently the number of unsold housing is rapid increasing over again in the Seoul Metropolitan area. So this research analyzed effective and possible solutions focus on the potential customers and professionals. There was a research method setting up alternative solutions from the existing researches and the other suggestions though FGI (Focus Group Interview) by professionals. And then it investigated the efficient ways to resolve those problems through Conjoint Analysis. According to the result of this paper, firstly the customers considered 'financial supports', 'self-rescue efforts for construction companies' and 'taxation support' than the other. On the other hand, professionals evaluated 'publicly purchased housing' and 'new housing policies' were more essential solutions besides, both of them recognized the importance of ;financial support'. Secondly there were some ideas that it was necessary to more less control LTV (Loan to Value ratio) and DIT ( Debt to Income) and the LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) buy unsold housing. Finally the government and housing association had to manage and intervene the supply of housing within metropolitan area and restrict to building new properties and the construction companies actively provide less strict standard terms and conditions in contract for purchasing housing for instance, the decline of housing sale price or interest-free and so on.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.305-315
• /
• 2013

This study is aimed to provide the preliminary data for conservation and management of wintering site for Anser fabalis population in Cheongna Area, Incheon Free Economic Zone, Korea through analyzing the relationship between the biotop structure of its wintering site and behavior characteristics. The main types (size and ratio) of the biotope in Cheongna Area, Incheon Free Economic Zone are reed wetlands ($6,093,762m^2$, 47.8%), rice fields without rice straw ($2,927,916m^2$, 23.0%), and rice fields with rice straw ($1,915,655m^2$, 15.0%). According to the survey carried on 13th Feb., 2013, total 33 species and 6, 535 individual birds were observed and among of them, the dominant bird was Anser fabalis showing 5,128 indiviuals, 78% of total population. As the result of analyzing the migratory route of Anser fabalis, the bird moved from roosting site to foraging site before and after sunrise and from feeding site to roosting site before and after sunset. According to the analysis of interrelation between habitat characteristics and biotope types of the bird, population density was the highest in reed wetlands among habitat types and individual appearance was the highest in water-filled rice field melting ice. The bird ate the roots and bulb of hydrophytes in reed wetlands and showed various behaviors like eating dropped grains, resting and sleeping in water-filled rice fields and eating dropped grains and resting in rice fields with and without rice straw. It is shown that the number of Anser fabalis appearing in rice fields is depended on the presence of dropped grains than types of rice field.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 1975

The thoracoscopic study was reported on 21 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax requiring surgical management, and clinical values of thoracoscopic examination on spontaneous pneumothorax were also discussed. patients were treated in the Department of .Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital for the period of two Years from May 1972 to April 1974. For exact detection of etiologic factors on spontaneous pneumothorax, the thoracoscopic examination in the intrapleural space was performed in parallel with X-ray study. this study, the difference of diagnostic and therapeutic significance between radiological and thoracoscopic findings were observed and compared simultaneously. The results are summerized as follows: Patients age was distributed between 3 and 70 years old with highest incidence in the age group of sixty decade [33. 3%], and sex ratio of male to female was 5:2. The tuberculous processes which developed superficial subpleural layer in the lung parenchyme, on the pulmonary surface could be observed by thoracoscopic examination in a characteristic picture. detection ratio of pulmonary tuberculosis by the radiologic study to that by thoracoscopy was 8:2. The adhesion between the visceral and the parietal pleura which could possibly make a rupture of the alveola and the visceral pleura was found to be localized in a small area of the lung surface. The other part of the lung surface was free of the adhesion and, therefore, the movement of the lung took place completely without any difficulty. The ruptured orifice of the pleura and pathological changes surrounding the orifice can be detected by thoracoscopy, but not by other means such as radiologic examination. A single tuberculous bleb and multiple emphysematous blebs were found on 6 cases out of 21 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Among these cases, radiologic Study revealed the bleb only in one patient. On the other hand, the blebs were found in all the six patients by means of thoracoscopic examination. It gives the detection ratio of bleb by radiologic study to that by thoracoscopy was 1:6. By thoracoscopy, the rupture on the lung surface were visualized on the 10 patients out of a total of 21 patients [10 patients of visual rupture]. However, the rupture of the pleura was not observed on the rest of 11 patients even by thoracoscopic examination [11 patients of non visual rupture]. Five patients [50%] out of ten who had the visual rupture on the lung surface was required a surgical operation to remove pneumothorax. For the patients who were detected to have the visual rupture of the pleura by thoracoscopy, be considered in the early stage of closed thoracostomy. of 21 patients, 16 patients [11 patients of non visual rupture of the pleura and 5 patients of visual rupture of the pleura] who received no surgical management, were treated with closed thoracostomy with continuous suction, and the` pneumothorax was healed completely up in each cases. Therapeutic measures for the remaining 5 patients of visual rupture of the pleura who were subjected to surgical approach for radical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax were accordingly complicated, and the following different procedures were properly indicated case by case, that is, rib resection thoracostomy, simple closure of ruptured visceral pleura, wedged resection of the lung, and lobectomy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.1503-1510
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of Korean Citrus sudachi fruit which were harvested at different harvesting time(every 20 days from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8) and region(Seogwipo and Cheju city area). The average weight of Citrus sudachi fruit harvested from Seogwipo area was as twice as that of Cheju area at the same period. The moisture content in fruit peel increased by ripening of fruit, but that of fruit juice showed no difference. The content of reducing sugar in fruit peel and fruit juice increased 2 times from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8. The content of crude fiber decreased both in fruit peel and fruit juice as progression of ripening. Crude protein and ash contents decreased in fruit peel but revealed no differences in the fruit juice during the same period. pH decreased in fruit peel and juice with its ripening. The content of vitamin C decreased by ripening of fruit. The transmittance which is important quality factor in fruit juice increased from Sep. 20 to Oct. 13. The content of free sugar increased about 2 times in fruit peel from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8 and showed 4 times increase in fruit juice at the same period. In the composition ratio of mineral, Ca and K were abundant in the fruit peel, but only K was the most abundant mineral in fruit juice than any others.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we present an indirect method of elastic modulus measurement for various lamination layers formed on polymer-based compliant substrates. Although the elastic modulus of every component is crucial for mechanically reliable microelectronic devices, it is difficult to accurately measure the film properties because the lamination layers are hardly detached from the substrate. In order to resolve the problem, 3-point bending test is conducted with a film-substrate specimen and area transformation rule is applied to the cross-sectional area of the film region. With known substrate modulus, a modulus ratio between the film and the substrate is calculated using bending stiffness of the multilayered specimen obtained from the 3-point bending test. This method is verified using electroplated copper specimens with two types of film-substrate structure; double-sided film and single sided film. Also, common dielectric layers, prepreg (PPG) and dry film solder resist (DF SR), are measured with the double-sided specimen type. The results of copper (110.3 GPa), PPG (22.3 GPa), DF SR (5.0 GPa) were measured with high precision.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2018

In this study, we examine how land use zoning affects the land price controlling other variables such as road-facing condition of the land, land form, land age after its development and land size. We employ geographically weighted regression analysis which reflects spatial dependency as methodology with a data sample of land transaction price data of Jangyu, a new town, in Korea. The results of our empirical analysis show that the respective coefficients of traditional regression and geographically weighted regression are not significantly different. However, after calculating Moran's Index with residuals of both OLS and GWR models, we find that Moran's Index of GWR decreases around 26% compared to that of OLS model, thus improving the problem of spatial autoregression of residuals considerably. Unlike our expectation, though, in both traditional regression and geographically weighted regression where residential exclusive area is used as a reference variable, the dummy variable of the residential land for both housing and shops shows a negative sign. This may be because the residential land for both housing and shops is usually located in the level area while the residential exclusive area is located at the foot of a mountain or on a gentle hill where the residents can have good quality air and scenery. Although the utility of the residential land for both housing and shops is higher than its counterpart's since it has higher floor area ratio, amenity which can be explained as high quality of air and scenery in this study seems to have higher impact in purchase of land for housing. On the other hand, land for neighbourhood living facility seems to be valued higher than any other land zonings used in this research since it has much higher floor area ratio than the two land zonings above and can have a building with up to 5 stories constructed on it. With regard to road-facing condition, land buyers seem to prefer land which faces a medium-width road as expected. Land facing a wide-width road may have some disadvantage in that it can be exposed to noise and exhaust gas from cars and that entrance may not be easy due to the high speed traffic of the road. In contrast, land facing a narrow road can be free of noise or fume from cars and have privacy protected while it has some inconvenience in that entrance may be blocked by cars parked in both sides of the narrow road. Finally, land age variable shows a negative sign, which means that the price of land declines over time. This may be because decline of the land price of Jangyu was bigger than that of other regions in Gimhae where Jangyu, a new town, also belong, during the global financial crisis of 2008.