• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.831-841
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• 2017

This paper presents a secure and DoS-resistant fragment authentication technique for Content-Centric Networking (CCN). Our approach not only guarantees the authenticity of each fragment, but also provides a high resistance to DoS attacks through the immediate verification of fragment authenticity at interim nodes on the routing path. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides much stronger security than the existing approach, without imposing a significant overhead.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.157.2-157.2
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• 2003

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plant in the Orient. The international trade of ginseng is increasing yearly. The disguise of Chinese and American ginseng into Korean ginseng became a problem in recent years in Korea and an abroad. Obviously, an effective method of authentication of Korean ginseng from others at a DNA level, is necessary for the healthy development of the ginseng market. In order to develop convenient and reproducible methods for the identification of Korean ginseng, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied within Panax species (Korean cultivatied and wild ginseng, Chinese wild ginseng, American cultivatied and wild ginseng). (omitted)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

Molecular techniques, including restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorph isms(PCR-SSCP), were developed to identify salted, dried threadfin(Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and white herring(Ilisha elongata) fish. Using PCR with universal primers, conserved 367-bp fragments of the cytochrome b gene were amplified from fresh fish samples and sequenced. The sequences were then searched for specific restriction sites. The digestion of the PCR products with the endonucleases AvaI, FokI, MboII, and MspI generated RFLP, which was used to identify the commercial products. Similarly, the amplified PCR-SSCP products were developed and the products tested. Overall, similar patterns were found in the majority of the fresh and processed products. Based on the results, both RFLP and PCR-SSCP were useful in determining and validating the authenticity of the fish species used to prepare the commercial salted, dried products. A similar approach can be applied to other species.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2015

The authentication and implications of misleading labeling in milk and dairy products is important to protect against cheating consumers from adulteration and to alert sensitive consumers to any undeclared potential allergens. This need to support milk and dairy products labeling has led to the development of specific analytical techniques for the analysis of milk and dairy products ingredients. Recently, several methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), multiplex PCR, species-specific PCR, and real-time PCR, have been proposed as useful means for identifying species of origin in milk and dairy products, as well as quantifying and detecting any adulteration. These methods have particular advantages owing to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time. In this review, we provide an updated and extensive overview of the PCR-based methods used for milk and dairy products authentication with a particular focus on the application of PCR methods to detect adulteration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. The international trade of ginseng is increasing yearly. The disguise of Chinese and American ginseng into Korean ginseng became a problem in recent years in abroad and Korea. An effective method to authenticate the Korean Panax ginseng from others at a DNA level is necessary for the healthy development of the ginseng market. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to develop a method for the identification of Korean ginseng between Chinese ginseng and American ginseng. It is very difficult to detect the different polymorphic bands among Korean field cultivated ginseng, and between field and wild-cultivated ginseng. The genetic distance coefficient by AFLP analysis between field- and wild cultivated Korean ginseng was very low, 0.056. Whereas, polymorphic bands between Korean and Chinese wild-cultivated ginseng was significantly different. The genetic distance coefficient between wild-cultivated Korean and Chinese ginseng was 0.149. The genetic distance coefficients between the P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were ranging from 0.626 to 0.666. These results support that the AFLP analysis could be applied to authenticate Korean P. ginseng from others Chinese P. ginseng and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.609-614
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• 2009

Sesame oil was sometimes replaced by mixed oil due to high price in Korean market. To find out authentic sesame oil, electronic nose (E-nose) based on mass spectrometer system was used. Sesame oil was blended with perilla oil at the ratio of 97:3, 94:6, 91:9, 88:12 and 85:15, respectively. Intensities of each fragment from sesame oil by E-nose based on MS were completely different from those of perilla oil. The obtained data was used for discriminant function analysis. For quantitative analysis, the partial least square algorithm was used. The added concentration of perilla oil to sesame oil was correlated with discriminant function first score (DF1) and second score (DF2). From this relationship it could be found out how much perilla oil added. DFA plot indicated a significant separation of pure sesame oil and pure perilla oil. The different geographical origin of sesame oil was used for blending with perilla oil were closed to that of sesame oil. Korean sesame oil mixture and Indian sesame oil one were well separated. And the correlation between mixing ratios and DF1 values was found at the ratio of 97:3, 91:9, and 85:15 (SE vs PE oil), respectively. But the added concentration of perilla oil to sesame oil was correlated with discriminant function first score (DF1). E-nose based on MS system could be used as an efficient method for purity of oil quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2011

To determine mixing ratios for mixtures of rapeseed oil and other oils, an electronic nose (E-nose) based on a mass spectrometer system was used. Rapeseed oil was blended with soy bean oil or corn oil at ratios of 100:0, 97:3, 94:6, 91:9, 88:12, 85:15, and 80:20, respectively. The intensities of each fragment from the mixed rapeseed oil by E-nose based on MS were completely different from those of the soy bean oil and corn oil. The obtained data were used for discriminant function analysis (DFA). DFA plots indicated a significant separation of pure rapeseed oil and soy bean oil or corn oil and their mixtures. The added concentration of soy bean oil or corn oil to rapeseed oil was highly correlated to the first discriminant function score (DF1). When soy bean oil was added to rapeseed oil, it was possible to predict the following equation: DF1=-0.170*conc. of soy bean oil+0.431 ($r^2=0.989$). For corn oil the equation was: DF1=-0.1*conc. of corn oil+0.4 ($r^2=0.844$). The use of an E-nose based on a MS system is as an efficient method for the authentication of pure rapeseed oil.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2011

In this study, discrimination of salted cuttle fish and salted mitra squid was carried out using electronic nose based on mass spectrometer. Intensities of each fragment from salted cuttlefish by electronic nose were completely different from those of salted mitra squid. Each sample was analyzed, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used for the discrimination of similar products. DFA plot indicated a significant separation of each salted cuttlefish and mitra squid ($r^2$= 0.8789, F= 162.13). Electronic nose based on mass spectrometer could be used as an efficient method for discrimination of Economically Motivated Authentication (EMA) foods.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Objectives : Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis are one of the most frequently adulterated herbal medicines because of their confusability of terms in the ancient writings and the similarity of morphological features of dried herbal products. The major adulterant is Aristolochia manshuriensis (Guanmutong) which has a serious safety concern with its toxicity. To ensure the safety and quality of the two herbal medicines, it is necessary to discriminate the toxic adulterant from authentic species. The aim of this study is to develop SCAR markers and to establish the multiplex-SCAR assay for discrimination of four plant species related to Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis. Methods : ITS regions of fifteen samples of four species (Tetrapanax papyrifer, Fatsia japonica, Aristolochia manshuriensis, and Akebia quinata) collected from different sites were amplified and sequenced. Fifteen obtained ITS sequences were aligned and analysed for the detection of species-specific sequence variations. The SCAR markers were designed based on the sequence alignments and then, multiplex-SCAR assay enhancing rapidity was optimized. Results : ITS sequences clearly distinguished the four species at the species level. The developed SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay were successfully discriminated four species and detected the adulteration of commercial product samples by comparison of the amplified DNA fragment sizes. Conclusions : These SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay are a rapid, simple, and reliable method to identify the authentic Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis from adulterants. These genetic tools will be useful to ensure the safety and to standardize the quality of the two herbal medicines.