• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-18
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to know the genetic nature of waxy and fractured starch endosperm genes in 1983. F$_2$ seeds involve simple recessive gene(1：3) for the waxy and fractured starch endosperm genes, respectively. Also, association between waxy and fractured starch endosperm have shown to be segregated as expected to fit in the ratio 9：3：3：1 respectively of normal-nonwaxy： fractured-nonwaxy： normal-waxy： fractured-waxy showing the acceptable value of X$^2$ test of independence.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.475-483
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• 1997

Fracture of the crown in a permanent incisor is relatively common. When it occurs with pulp exposure, it presents both restorative and endodontic problems. In the restoration of a fractured incisor, reattachment of the original fragment or restoration with a composite resin is preferred over a temporary crown. If fractured fragment is intact, the tooth can be restored with reattachment of the fragment. An exposed pulp in a young crown-fractured incisor is usually treated with either pulp capping or pulpotomy depending on the size of an exposure and time elapsed since injury. However, in teeth showing vital and/or hyperplastic pulp tissue at the exposure, only superficial layers of the pulp and surrounding dentin should be removed : i.e. partial pulpotomy can be performed in immature as well as mature teeth. This paper reports 2 cases of crown-fractured permanent incisors with pulp exposure that had been treated by reattachment of original fragment followed by partial pulpotomy or partial pulpectomy. The following results are obtained. ; 1. Fragment reattachment is an acceptable semi-permanent restoration of crown fractured young permanent incisor. 2. Partial pulpotomy is recommended as the treatment of choice in crown-fractured permanent teeth with pulp exposure.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.304-308
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• 2004

Maxillary anterior crown fractures are a common form of injury that mainly affects children and adolescents. The position of maxillary incisors and their eruptive pattern carries a significant risk for trauma. In the pre-adhesive era, fractured teeth needed to be restored either with pin-retained inlays or cast restorations that sacrificed healthy tooth structure and were a challenge for dentists to match with adjacent teeth. But. recently the development of adhesive dentistry has allowed dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth. The purpose of this paper is to present 2 cases of reattachment of fractured teeth which had different fracture mode, and to evaluate prognosis of cases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

It is a generally known fact that the patient can experience mouth opening limitation, mandibular deviation and malocclusion as a result of injury of tissues around the articular disc and complications even after successful open reduction surgery for fractured mandibular condyle. We have experienced a rare case of reconstruction using metallic condylar prostheses for a patient with complications resulted by unsuccessful management of fractured mandibular condyle. The case strongly suggested to us that careful selection of treatment methods should be taken for patient with fractured mandibular condyle. Accordingly, we are presenting a case in conjunction with reviews of fractured mandibular condyle.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2001

In order to breed barley lines with reduced viscosity of wort, a fractured starch mutant of naked barley cultivar, Nubet, was obtained from the M2 seeds mutated by the diethyl sulfate treatment. Seeds of this fractured starch mutant were opaque and the endosperm consists of angular, irregular and fractured starch. The mutant was caused by single recessive mutation and assigned by the symbol fra. The gene was located on chromosome 4, distal in long arm by linkage recombinations using translocation homozygote lethal test set. The linkage value between the fractured starch mutant and 72-4a, 72-4d were 26.0$\pm$4.9, 34.2$\pm$3.1 percent respectively. In addition to the reduced seed size, fewer kernels per spike and higher tillering ability, lower $\beta$-glucan viscosity and higher lysine content of the grain were associated with this mutant. $\beta$-glucan viscosity of the Nubet grains increased from 3 weeks after anthesis to matury and most of the viscose substances appeared to be stored in the middle of the endosperm tissue. Since the mutant grains showed better milling property as compared to Nubet, it can be used as breeding resources to develope new barley cultivars for maltins and milling purpose.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.997-1010
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• 2017

The black box model is a relatively new option for nonlinear dynamic system identification. It can be used for prediction problems just based on analyzing the input and output data without considering the changes of the internal structure. In this paper, a black box model was presented to solve unconstrained overlying strata movement problems in coal mine production. Based on the black box theory, the overlying strata regional system was viewed as a "black box", and the black box model on overburden strata movement was established. Then, the rock mechanical properties and the mining thickness and mined-out section area were selected as the subject and object respectively, and the influences of coal mining on the overburden regional system were discussed. Finally, a corrected method for height prediction of the fractured zone was obtained. According to actual mine geological conditions, the measured geological data were introduced into the black box model of overlying strata movement for height calculation, and the fractured zone height was determined as 40.36 m, which was comparable to the actual height value (43.91 m) of the fractured zone detected by Double-block Leak Hunting in Drill. By comparing the calculation result and actual surface subsidence value, it can be concluded that the proposed model is adaptable for height prediction of the fractured zone.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of bone-fracture from pig carcass slaughtered in eight processing plants located in Daejeon and Chungnam area, Korea, during the year 2013 and 2014, and to evaluate the quality of semimembranous muscle from bone-fractured carcasses. Twenty semimembranous muscles were collected from bone-fractured carcasses and none bone-fractured (control) ones, respectively, after storage of pig carcass at $5^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The pH, cooking loss, and color of semimembranous muscle were measured as quality parameters. In total 4,865,502 of pig carcasses, the occurrence of bone fracture was 0.328% (15,975 heads) and scored the highest defect (26.31%) in total abnormal carcasses. The pH and cooking loss of semimembranous muscle from bone-fractured carcasses were significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). $L^*$ and $a^*$ values of semimembranous muscle were not significantly different between bone-fractured carcass and control whereas that of $b^*$ values was significantly higher in bone-fractured carcass than control (p<0.05). Eight out of twenty semimembranous muscle collected from bone-fractured carcasses were confirmed as PSE whereas only one in control. In conclusion, the incidence of bone-fracture pre- and during slaughter of pig may cause serious defects in final meat quality. Therefore, the proper handling and treatment should be implicated to avoid and/or decrease the incidence of bone-fracture of pigs.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

The area of investigation belongs to Okchon metamorphic zone and the fault fractured zone runs parallel to the tunnel direction. It causes the independent decline of tunnel face and the slackness of the tunnel surrounding base so, after all, the severe displacement has occurred within the tunnel. Accordingly, the TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction) survey has been performed to investigate the extent of fault fractured zone and to analize its characteristics. Also, we have analized the behavior causes by performing the tunnel face mapping and drilling investigation, and confirmed the position and scale of geological anomaly area and front fractured zone which influences tunnel excavation and supporting. Collected data analyzed ground layer condition through 3 dimensional modeling. Several variables included in the modeling were analyzed by geostastistics. The analysis of the modeling data shows that the belt of weathering by fault fractured zone is developing on the basis of the right side of tunnel and that is decreasing to the left side. The fault fractured zone was confirmed that it has strike, $N0\~5^{\circ}E$ dip NW, and it is consisted of large-scale fractured zone including several anomalies. The severe displacement in tunnel is probably caused by asymmetrical load that n generated by the crossing of discontinuity and the rock strength imbalance of tunnel's both side by fault fractured zone, and judge that need tunnel reinforcement method of grouting etc.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1993

Intraosseous phlebography was performed to determine the healing effect of the dosing treated with vitamin-D$_3$ and/or calcium phosphate on the fractured bone in male rabbits. Femoral shafts of 16 adult male rabbits were fractured and these animals were divided into 3 treated groups and 1 control group l. The 1st treated group of rabbits was dosed with vitamin-D$_3$(VD), the 2nd treated group of rabbits was given calcium phosphate(CP), and the 3.d treated group of rabbits received vitamin-D$_3$ and calcium phosphate. The control group of rabbits was dosed with saline alone. Radiographs were taken weekly in each rabbit over 6 weeks period and the results obtained were as follows. 1. Sinusoidal vein was visualized at 3rd week in eve animal received CP and VC, at 5 week in animals received VD and in control animals. 2. Main nutrient vein was observed more clearly in treated groups than in control group of animals. 3. These results indicate that venous reconstruction of the fractured bone in groups of rabbits received CP and VC was earlier and more complete than those of other groups of rabbits. 4. Therefore, intraosseous phlebography is suitable for determination of the bone healing effect of vitamin-D$_3$ and/or calcium phosphate in femoral fractured rabbits.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2006

The subgingival fracture near the alveolar bone is difficult to treat. This fractured tooth will be treated by many methods. First approach is to preserve the fractured tooth. Periodontal surgery has been used to lengthen the clinical crown, thereby allowing the tooth to be restored. Another method is erupting the tooth with orthodontic eruption (forced eruption) or surgical extrusion. Second approach is the restoration after extraction of the subgingivally fractured tooth. This is restorative with conventional fixed partial denture or implant. This article presents the variable restorative approach of subgingivally fractured upper incisor.