• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to develop a simple and efficient numerical modeling technique for dynamic crack propagation using the finite element method. The study focused on the analysis of a rapidly propagation crack in an elastic body. As already known, discrete crack tip advance with the stationary node procedure results in spurious oscillation in the calculated energy terms. To reduce the spurious oscillation, a simple and efficient moving node procedure is proposed. The procedure does require neither remeshing the discretization nor distorting the original mesh. Two different central difference schemes are also evaluated and compared for dynamic crack propagation problem.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.685-699
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• 2020

Polygonal finite element provides a great flexibility in mesh generation of crack propagation problems where the topology of the domain changes significantly. However, the control of the discretization error in such problems is a main concern. In this paper, a polygonal-FEM is presented in modeling of crack propagation problems via an automatic adaptive mesh refinement procedure. The adaptive mesh refinement is accomplished based on the Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator in conjunction with a weighted SPR technique. Adaptive mesh refinement is employed in some steps for reduction of the discretization error and not for tracking the crack. In the steps that no adaptive mesh refinement is required, local modifications are applied on the mesh to prevent poor polygonal element shapes. Finally, several numerical examples are analyzed to demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy and robustness of the proposed computational algorithm in crack propagation problems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.575-589
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• 2022

In order to enhance the greenness in the strain-hardening composites and to reduce the high cost of typical polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC), an affordable strain-hardening composite with green binder content has been proposed. For optimizing the strain-hardening behavior of cementitious composites, this paper investigates the effects of polypropylene fibers on the first cracking strength, fracture properties, and micromechanical parameters of cementitious composites. For this purpose, digital image correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to monitor crack propagation. In addition, to have an in-depth understanding of fiber/matrix interaction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used. To understand the effect of fibers on the strain hardening behavior of cementitious composites, ten mixes were designed with the variables of fiber length and volume. To investigate the micromechanical parameters from fracture tests on notched beam specimens, a novel technique has been suggested. In this regard, mechanical and fracture tests were carried out, and the results have been discussed utilizing both fracture and micromechanical concepts. This study shows that the fiber length and volume have optimal values; therefore, using fibers without considering the optimal values has negative effects on the strain-hardening behavior of cementitious composites.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.5 s.95
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• pp.348-353
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• 2007

The propagation of a macro-scale crack and the accompanying transformation zone around it was visualized in an Y-TZP ceramic using a mechano-luminescence (ML) technique. The technique allows realistic fractures that take place catastrophically in actual applications to be realistically stimulated. Unlike conventional quasi-static R-curves, the ML technique on a relatively fast time frame permitted a so-called quasi-dynamic R-curve in the crack speed range from 50 to 140 m/sec. to be measured. Effective toughening then commenced and the applied stress intensity factor increased to 27 $MPa{\sqrt{m}}$. The transformation zone height obtained from the ML observations was in good agreement with that predicted by the Marshall model, and coincided with previously observed results for quasi-static conditions by Raman spectorscopy and x-ray analysis.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2000

The effect of structure size on the nominal strength of unidirectional fiber-polymer composites, failing by propagation of a kink band with fiber microbuckling, is analyzed experimentally and theoretically. Tests of novel geometrically similar carbon-PEEK specimens, with notches slanted so as to lead to a pure kink band (without shear or splitting cracks), are conducted. The specimens are rectangular strips of widths 15.875, 31.75. and 63.5 mm (0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 in and gage lengths 39.7, 79.375 and 158.75 mm (1.563, 3.125 and 6.25 in.). They reveal the existence of a strong (deterministic. non-statistical) size effect. The doubly logarithmic plot of the nominal strength (load divided by size and thickness) versus the characteristic size agrees with the approximate size effect law proposed for quasibrittle failures in 1983 by Bazant This law represents a gradual transition from a horizontal asymptote, representing the case of no size effect (characteristic of plasticity or strength criteria), to an asymptote of slope -1/2 (characteristic of linear elastic fracture mechanics. LEFM) . The size effect law for notched specimens permits easy identification of the fracture energy of the kink bandand the length of the fracture process zone at the front of the band solely from the measurements of maximum loads. Optimum fits of the test results by the size effect law are obtained, and the size effect law parameters are then used to identify the material fracture characteristics, Particularly the fracture energy and the effective length of the fracture process zone. The results suggest that composite size effect must be considered in strengthening existing concrete structural members such as bridge columns and beams using a composite retrofitting technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1388-1398
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• 1994

The fracture toughness and micro-fracture mechanisms of the porous glass and stainless fiber reinforced glass composite were evaluated by using the acoustice mission(AE) technique, fracture toughness $test(K_{IC})$ and the macroscopic observation of the specimen surface which was being under the loading. At initial portion of the loading, the AE signals with low energy, of which origins were considered as the micro-cracks formated at the crack tip, were emitted. With increasing the applied load, AE signals having higher energies were generated due to the coalesence of micro-cracks and fast fracture. Based on the such relationship between AE emission and loading condition, fracture toughness $K_{IAE}$ could be defined successfully be using the $K_I$ value corresponding to an abrupt change of the accumulated AE signal energies emitted during the fracture toughness test. In spite of its brittleness of glass material, nonlinear deformation behavior before maximum load was observed due to the formation of micro-cracks. Further, the stainless fiber may have attributed to the improvement of fracture toughness and the resistance to crack propagation comparing to noncomposited materials Finally, models of the micro-fracture process combined with the AE sources for the porous glass material and its composite were proposed paying attention to the micro-crack nucleation and its coalescence at the crack tip. Fiber fracture and its Pullout, deformation of fiber itself were also delinated from the model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.673-680
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• 2003

This study verified the relationship between fracture mechanics parameters(ΔK, ΔK$\sub$eff/, K$\sub$max/) and X-ray parameters (${\alpha}$$\sub$r/, B) for SG365 steel at elevated temperature up to 300$^{\circ}C$. The fatigue crack propagation test were carried out and X-ray diffraction technique according to crack length direction was applied to fatigue fractured surface. The residual stress on the fracture surface was found to increase low ΔK region, reach to a maximum value at a certain value of K$\sub$max/ or ΔK and then decrease. Residual stress were independent on stress ratio by arrangement of ΔK and half value breadth were independent by the arrangement of K$\sub$max/. The equation of ${\alpha}$$\sub$r/ - ΔK was established by the experimental data. Therefore, tincture mechanics parameters could be estimated by the measurement of X-ray parameters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2018

Mode II delamination propagation is an important damage mode in laminated composites and this paper aims to investigate the behavior of this damage in laminated composite materials using acoustic emission (AE) technique. Three different lay-ups of glass/epoxy composites were subjected to mode II delamination propagation and generated AE signals were recorded. In order to investigate the propagation of delamination behavior of these specimens, AE signals were analyzed using Wavelet Packet Transforms (WPT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In addition, conventional AE analyses were used to enhance understanding of the propagation of delamination damage. The results indicate that different fracture mechanisms were the main cause of the AE signals. The dominant mechanisms in all the specimens were matrix cracking, fiber/matrix debonding and fiber breakage, with varying percentage of the damage mechanisms for each lay-up. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations were in accordance to the AE results.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.315-322
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• 2000

In this study, an algorithm analyzing dynamic mutiple-crack propagation problem by Meshfree Method is proposed. A short description of Meshfree Method especially, Element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is presented and the elastodynamic fracture theory is summarized. A numerical implementation algorithm for dynamic analysis by Meshfree Method is discussed and an algorithm for mutlple-crack dynamic propagation is also presented. A couple of numerical examples of dynamic crack propagation problem illustrate the performance of the proposed technique. The accuracy of the algorithm is studied in the first example by being compared with experimental results, and the applicability and efficiency of the developed algorithm is studied in the second example.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.225-231
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• 2002

The problem of welding stresses and fatigue behavior is the main concerns of welding research fields. The residual stresses and distortion of structures by welding is exert negative effect on the safety of mechanical structures. That is, expansion of material by high temperature and distortion by cooling during welding process is caused of tensile and compressive residual stresses on welding material, and this residual stresses reduce fracture and fatigue strength of welding structures. The accurate prediction of residual stress and redistribution due to fatigue crack propagation of weld zone is very important to improve the quality of weldment. In this study, a finite element modeling technique is developed to simulate the redistribution of residual stresses due to fatigue crack propagation of weld zone.