• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.245-261
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• 1997

The investigation were carried out the 37 patient with cerebrovascular accidents who had been treated in Oriental Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee University and in KangNam Uy Lim, and the 10 examinees who had been worked in Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee University. The consitution which had discriminated by survey, which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings, which had discriminated by the result of the impatient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription. The Prostaglandin E2 in blood for 47 persons (37 patients & 10 examinees) was measured. The following results were obtained. 1.In the constitution which had discriminated by survey, in the value of Prostaglandin E2 in bood of ammong four constitutiens didn,t showed significant differance. 2.In the constitution which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings, in the value of Prostaglandin E2 in bood of ammong four constitutiens didn,t showed significant differance. 3.In the constitution which had discriminated by the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription, the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of among four constitutions didn,nt showed signicant differance. 4.In the constitution which had discriminated by colligated three methods(survey, morphological diagrammings,the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription), the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of ammong four constituion didn,t showed significant differnce. 5.In the constitution which had discriminated by survey, a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the TAE-EUM-IN(太陰人) and the others of female showed significant differance. 6.In the constitution which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings,a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the SO-EUM-IN(少陰人) and the others of male showed significant differance. 7.In the constitution whichhad discriminated by the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription,a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the TAE-EUM-IN(太陰人) and the others of male showed significant differance. 8.In the constitution which had discriminated was the colligated three methods(survey,morphological diagrammings,the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription),a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others didn,t showed significant differnce. In this connected study is inadequete at present. But if the study is done persistently,the analysis of various ingredient in the body enables objectification in differentiation of four types of physical constitution as the supplemental method.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1990

673 third-year students of boy's and girl's high schools in Taegu city and Kuni-gun and Youngyang-gun and Euisung-gun in Kyongbuk province were selected and investigated as the subject, of this study on the correlation between Lee Jae Ma's Four Types of Essential Physical Constitution and Physical Form index. The result of the study was found as follows. First, as for Height, the findings were not identical with the expression that "person of shaoyin(minor Yin) Type are short and small -- while person of Taiyin (major Yin) Type are tall and big," cited in classification of four different constitutions in a document named "Dong-Eu-Su-Se-Bo-Won". Comparison of persons of Shaoyang (minor Yang) - Type proved infitness due to the lack of data on Height in documents concerning Lee Jae Ma's four types of essential physical constitution. Second, as for Sitting Height, the correlation was prored between the findings of this study and the expression in the above document describing external physical characteristics of shaoyin-Type persons that "The upper part and' the lower part of the body are well balanced", but in point of Relative Sitting Height, none between the two. Third, as for Chest-Girth and Relative Chest-Girth plus Weight and Relative Weight, the expression that "Persons of Taiyin(major Yin) Type have the largest physique of the lour types of persons in the characteristics of external physical features, and that they also tend to have continental(widechest or large-scaled) character and strong nerve, that they are stoutly-built and fal." proved to have the correlation with the findings of this study. Fourth, in point of Chest-Girth and Relative Chest-Girth, this study found that its findings have the correlation with the phrase that "Chests are well developed upwar -- and sturdy and solid." in describing the characteristics of Shaoyang (minor Yang)-Type person' external physical features, and that with the phrase that "Chests are narrow" in the case of Shaoyin(minor Yin)-Type persons. Fifth, as for Weight and Relative Weight, the correlation was found between the findings and the expression that "shaoyin-Type persons have comparatively less flesh" as a sign of external physical characteristics of Shaoyin-Type persons. The above-cited findings proved that there exist some correlations between external physique of the Lee Jae Ma's four types of essential constitution and physical Form Indexes. Actually, however, in clinical classification, it is desirable that this approach should be consulted only after carefull consideration based on Lee Jae Ma's theory, and it seems imperative to continue the study of objectivization of Lee's theory.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2002

In oriental medicine, human being is classified into four groups according to their body constitution status (;tae-yang, tae-eum, so-yang, and so-eum persons) considering the differences in function of internal organs and characteristics. Four body constitution, called 'sa-sang' has been recognized as an important factor for diagnosing the patients before madical teratment. Yet, the criteria to divide body constitutions or its scientific principle are not clearly defined. As an initial effort to elucidate biological priciples underlying four body constitution groups, we studied genetic variations among three constitution groups (tae-eum, so-yang, and so-eum persons). Noting distinct responses to ingested food and administered drugs among three groups, SNPs and haplotype experiments were performed in 2D6, 2C9, and 1A2 DNA regions of the cytochrome P450 gene. Significant variability in SNPs types was found in 2D6 region. Moreover, haplotyping in 2D6 region showed relatively high occurrences of haplotype 3 and 5 in so-eum person, haplotype 6 in tae-eum person, and hyplotype 1 in so-yang person. These results indicate that individuals with different body constitutions respond differently to ingested food and drugs, which might reflect constitution-specific genetic background. The genetic approach would therefore be useful to reveal intrinsic differences among four constitution body groups in the responsiveness to various drugs and external stimulations to human body.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the ground why constitution must be classified into 4 types. 2. Methods I analysed the basic presuppositions to class 4 Type Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). And I connected the presuppositions with other theories from the viewpoint of directional properties of human body. 3. Results and Conclusions The most important presupposition to class 4 Type Constitution and apply to clinical therapy in SCM is that there is native strength and weakness of lung's Exhale Dispersing Qi, liver's Inhale Gathering Qi, spleen's Ascending Yin Qi and kidney's Descending Yang Qi. If there is superior tendency of Qi flow direction in human body, 6 directions(upward, downward, forward, backward, outward and inward) will be remarkable. But, in embryonic period, the outer skin is originated from the back(ectoderm) and the alimentary canal is from the front(endoderm). Therefore 4 directions(upward, downward, outward and inward) will be more remarkable, and those directions are included in the former presupposition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

In this study, when physician make a diagnosis of Sasang constitution of patients, anthropometric data are applied to seek the classification function into Sasang constitution. Data used in the analysis are the anthropometric data of 550 patients who had been treated in nine oriental medical hospital, and our data have no missing value in 12 anthropometric variables. In order to improve the accuracy of classification function into Sasang constitution, we consider one method of variable transformation of anthropometric data based on oriental medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

After a research on appearance diagnosis and fish, bird, horse, and turtle types, this study concluded as following. Appearance diagnosis is a technique that exams five jang organs by color and shape of eye, nose, mouth, and ear. Four HyungSang types-including fish, bird, horse and turtle types-are evaluated upon the external shape that are created while type of seed changes. Appearance diagnosis focuses on five jang organs. Four HyungSang types focus on external shape, but are eventually related to five jang organs. Thus, two different techniques possess a point in common; five jang organs. The assignment of nose, eye, ear and mouth to the Five elements varies between two techniques. On the viewpoint of formation, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and movement, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and constitution. On the viewpoint of body/use and static/dynamic, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and constitution, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and movement. If nose, eye, ear, and mouth are assigned by on four HyungSang types, which are based on external shape, the assignment can be utilized in diagnosis. If, however, they are assigned by appearance diagnosis, it can be focus on treatment. Five jang organs and six fu organs are affected by internal conditions because they are located inside of human body, while four HyungSang types are affected by external conditions because it deals with external shape. If a disease occurs in the developed part of the body, it would be difficult to be cured because four HyungSang types depend on external shapes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.123-133
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• 2005

Objective : We investigated the sasang constitutional difference of physiological and psychological response in various thermal environmental conditions. Methods: Among 210 volunteers, 30 healthy subjects were selected through the QSCC II (a questionnaire for constitutional discrimination) and the manual examination of a specialist in sasang constitution. Subjects consisted of 10 each Soyang(少陽), Soeum(少陰), and Taeum(太陽). Experimental environments were set by six different conditions to be $23^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;25\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.4m/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;75\%\;RH,\;0.1m/s;\;and\;27^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.1m\s$ (respectively temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity). Skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate variability (HRV), and galvanic skin response (GSR) were measured for each subject Additionally, subjects were asked about comfort through the questionnaire. Results: From the viewpoint of external temperature sensibility, in all experimental environments, generally the Taeum type feels hotter and the Soeum feels colder than other types. In relative comfort, Soeum types were most sensitive to wind velocity change. From the viewpoint of body temperature, Taeum type was lower and Soyang was higher than other types. The measurements of HRV and GSR showed no difference between the types. Conclusion : The four sasang constitution types showed different responses to various thermal environmental conditions. Accordingly, our research could provide basic data for building the optimal thermal conditions for individuals based on sasang constitution. Consequently, it will help to build a healthy environment for everyday life.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.86-95
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• 2020

Objectives Meal and nutrition are important lifestyle factors that affect maintenance and promotion of health status and are also associated with chronic diseases. In Sasang constitutional medicine, dietary behavior according to the characteristics of Sasang constitution (SC) types is a key component in health management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and quality of meals according to the SC. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 1,947 subjects surveyed in a community-based cohort called the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study. Data were collected including demographic characteristics, Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire, and nutrition quotient (NQ) for adults. We analyzed the differences in NQ grade and scores among three SC types: Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), by conducting chi-square and ANCOVA tests. Results The distribution of SC into TE, SE, and SY types was 43.1%, 25.2%, and 31.8%, respectively. The mean NQ score of all subjects was 53.4±8.6. There was a significant difference in the distribution of NQ grades and mean of NQ scores among SC types, including total and four sub-factors: balance, diversity, moderation, and dietary behavior. The TE type had the lowest score for the moderation factors in the crude model. The SE type showed lower NQ scores than the TE and SY types in all domains except moderation after adjusting for variables. Conclusions We found that dietary behaviors had to be distinct according to the SC types. These results elucidate why it is important to develop a customized dietary habit management program considering the SC types.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.3 s.113
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• pp.153-162
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• 2007

Sasang medicine is peculiar medicine that constitution of a human classify four types and differ treatment method by physical constitution. In this way the most important thing is very difficult problem that classification of Sasang constitution and discriminate correctly. Therefore, in this paper targets diagnosis medical appliances development of hybrid form that can behave constitution classification and sees among for this paper to propose about method to grasp characteristic that is morphology about eye, nose, ear and mouth be based on appearance and manner of speaking. In this paper, classified and verified this for Sasang constitution through the QSCC II program at 1 step and present method that more exactly and conveniently analyzing measure each physical constitution feature by survey about eye, nose, ear and mouth at 2 steps. Also, extraction and analyze and verified main area of physical constitution classification based on front face and side face at 3 steps. Such propose method to extraction the principal face region based on face color from front face and side face for correct physical constitution classification diagnosis appliance development through experiment consideration and verification process.