• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2020

The Asian crested ibis Nipponia nippon is one of the world's most endangered species. Except for the Sanxii population from China, it is known that all of the crested ibis populations from East Asia have been extinguished. In these days, most of them are being inbred as captive populations in China, South Korea, and Japan, which caused their low expected genetic diversity. Microsatellite markers are well known as a suitable DNA marker for exploring genetic diversity among captive populations of a variety of endangered species. In the present study, ten microsatellite markers were developed for the captive populations of the South Korean crested ibis, which were employed to examine the level of genetic diversity with the two founders from Sanxii, China and the 70 descendants of them. As a result, the mean number of gene diversity, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity of the captive population were 0.70, 0.84, and 0.70 respectively. It revealed that the captive population of South Korea is as genetically more stable than we expected. In addition, the principal coordinates analysis and genetic structure analyses showed that the captive population of N. nippon can be divided into the two different genetic groups. The developed microsatellite markers here could be helpful for crested ibis conservation in East Asian countries such as China and Japan as well as South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.406-416
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• 1997

Teacher's satisfaction with school lunch programs run by foodservice(FS) management types were surveyed with questionnaire at 5 middle and 4 elementary schools. The 88 middle and 104 elementary school teachers who participated and schools' FS management were of 5 types : self/conventional, contracted/conventional, contracted/commissary and contracted/dosirak delivery. Most teachers knew correctly their schools' present FS management types and thoroughly understood the main reasons for needing school lunch program with proper nutrition, better taste and balanced diets in addition to the first reason its less work than preparing homelunches. Teacher's satisfactions with their present school FS were high in self/conventional and contracted/conventional and was very low in contracted/commissary and contracted/ dosirak Taste, hygiene, nutrition and dining facilities in turn were pointed out to be improved : firstly hygiene in the self and firstly taste in the contracted. Particularly dining-rooms were found to have narrow space, uncomfortable chairs and tables, unclean, and having unpleasant smells. Teachers observed that the overall students' food habits such as eating more various foods and better table manners through that school lunch programs, particularly the self-managed types were improved. Conclusively most teachers emphasized school lunch programs to be continued and preferred self-managed types and contracted/conventional types as the second best in having less work to manage, better, taste, nutrition and hygiene, less cost and better nutrition education in turn. And they thought school founders should handle the finances needed to newly establish or repair the school FD facilities, otherwise provided with the partial aid of student's parents.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

To study the signaling effect of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-1), transgenic mice containing IGF-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) cDNA fused to metallothionein promoter were produced by DNA microinjection into the pronucleus of mouse zygote. Three founders were produced with transgenic mice containing IGF-1R gene. Transgenic mice lines contained approximately $4{\sim}20$ copies of transgenes per cell and transmission of this gene into the progeny with Mendelian manner were determined. The founder mice were mated with normal mice to produce $F_1$ mice and then $F_2$ mice. Transmission rates of IGF-1R transgene in the progeny mice were $25{\sim}60%$ in $F_1$ generation and $40{\sim}50%$ in $F_2$ generation. The mRNA expression of IGF-1R transgene in liver was analyzed using RT-PCR for IGF-1R gene in liver. When body weights of transgenic pups were measured during 4, 10 and 14 weeks after birth, IGF-1R transgenic mice grew faster than non transgenic littermates. This study indicated that growth regulation by IGF-1 signaling through IGF-1R can be elucidated using IGF-1R transgenic mice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.335-341
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• 2018

This study is to innovate policy service development by utilizing beneficiary - centered service design to public information and public data and services that citizens can experience. The Gov 3.0 Design Group operated by the Dongbuk Regional Bureau of Statistics in Daegu in 2015, proposed a 'start-up decision support service' for pre-founders, using data mining on the GIS spatial information held by the Statistical Office and real-time settlement information of credit card companies. For this, service design process and methodology were adopted and participation of various stakeholders. This study suggests that national design activity based on service design is effective in transforming public service based on government information disclosure. It is also worthwhile as an approach that can be considered when the government wants to release or open information or public data in useful form to the public.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.130-147
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• 2008

Spanish missionaries started to grow vine grapes and make wines in California 230 years ago. Earlier pioneers of the land started to do the same works for commercial purposes 130 years ago. Now California became one of the most important wine making places of the world. The quality of California wines in fact have been acknowledged as the best in the world by being ranked on the top in international wine tasting competition, such as Paris Tasting. A large wine cluster, consisted of grape growing, wine making, wine tours, and research and education, has been created in the area centered by Napa and Sonoma, California. In this context, this paper examines the process of formulating the cluster, factors contributing the success, articulates core actors, and draws policy and theoretical implications. It concludes that innovative actors, such as winery founders, local universities, and business organizations, have played key roles in establishing the California wine cluster.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.225-251
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• 2011

This study analyzed the growth process types of social welfare corporations that have operated social welfare facilities after the Korean War and studied the methods of their organizational management. A number of 20 participants composed of the original founders, directors, and chief directors of social welfare corporations that have been established for more than 40 years were selected for in-depth interviews. The researcher had procedures of in-depth interviews with 20 participants, relevant literature reviews, conformation of the research results by participants and peer reviews. There were 169 concepts, 49 sub-categories, and 21 categories revealed by applying the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin. The organizational growth types were categorized into the three patterns: familism practicing type, community changing guidance type and the realization of a just society leading types. The results from the research work will provide understanding the original characteristics of social welfare corporations in Korea, building the theory for the growth process types of social welfare corporations and implicating the practice of social welfare organizational management.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2001

The goal of this paper was to examine the qualify zygote-acquiring method for in-vitro culture and the in-vitro culture method of the acquired zygote from a technological perspective. We have reported the results on the introduction of foreign DNAs using the described culturing method. After performing in-vitro and surrogate eggshell culture on a zygote acquired from the abdomen of a hen, 25.8% hatchability was acquired. After microinjecting foreign DNAs into the acquired zygote and performing in-vitro and surrogate eggshell culture using the same method, 13.1∼11.7% hatchability was acquired. Having compared the developments of the control subjects and the experimental subjects, the viability of the experimental subjects on the 4∼5th day of culturing was much lower compared to that of the control subjects. This is a result that shows that the microinjection process of foreign DNAs might have a negative effect on the existence of the embryo; therefore, various technical attempts should be made to minimize such negative effects. Having microinjected foreign DNAs into the zygote of a hen to produce transgenic chickens, 3 transgenic founders were Produced and 70 G1 progeny were produced as a result of the progeny test that had been performed to the present.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.482-486
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• 2007

Basic objective of this research was to compare the milk yield and composition of New Zealand White transgenic rabbit females expressing recombinant human factor VIII (hFVIII) in mammary gland during lactation with that of non-transgenic rabbit females of the same age during 30 days of lactation. Transgenic founders were generated by the microinjection of foreign DNA (mWAP-hFVIII gene construct) into the egg. F1, F2 and F3 generations of transgenic rabbits were obtained after mating of transgenic founder rabbits with non-transgenic rabbits. The amount of milk rejected was measured by weight-suckle-weight method at $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$and $30^{th}$ day of lactation. Quality of milk (content of fat, protein, lactose, dry ash, and some minerals) from transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit was also determined. Comparison of milk yield, determined by weight-suckle-weight method, showed significantly higher (p<0.05) milk production at day 20 of first lactation in non-transgenic females, but on the same day of second lactation higher milk yield was measured in transgenic ones. Significantly higher (p<0.05) content of milk fat and protein was determined in transgenic milk whilst higher content of lactose was found in non-transgenic milk. The content of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium) did not differ in both experimental and control groups. Our results showed that milk yield and composition of transgenic rabbit females (mammary specific transgenic over-expression of hFVIII) over several generations is only slightly and transiently different from milk yield of non-transgenic females, which had no significant consequence on the litter size and viability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2015

The complex analysis of the pedigree records of Czech Landrace (CLA), Czech Large White-dam line (CLWd), Czech Large White-sire line (CLWs), Duroc (DC), and Pietrain (PN) was performed to determine trends of genetic diversity (GD), and to find the main sources of the GD loss. The total size of the pedigree was 132,365, 391,151, 32,913, 13,299, and 7,160 animals in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. Animals born in the years 2011 through 2013 were assumed as the reference population. The average pedigree completeness index for one generation back was 95.9%, 97.4%, 91.2%, 89.8%, and 94.2% for appropriate breeds. Number of ancestors explaining 100% of gene pool was 186, 373, 125, 157, and 37 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The relative proportion of inbred animals (58%, 58%, 54%, 47%, and 25%), the average inbreeding (2.7%, 1.4%, 2.5%, 3.6%, and 1.3%) and the average co-ancestry (3.1%, 1.6%, 3.3%, 4.2%, and 3.3%) were found over the past decade in analysed breeds. The expected inbreeding under random mating increased during the last 10 years in CLWs and PN and varied from 1.27% to 3.2%. The effective population size computed on the basis of inbreeding was 76, 74, 50, 35, and 83 in 2012 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The shortest generation interval (1.45) was observed for CLWd in sire to son selection pathway. The longest generation interval obtained PN (1.95) in sire to daughter pathway. The average relative GD loss within last generation interval was 7.05%, 4.70%, 9.81%, 7.47%, and 10.46%, respectively. The relative proportion of GD loss due to genetic drift on total GD loss was 85.04%, 84.51%, 89.46%, 86.19%, and 83.68% in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. All breeds were characterized by a high proportion of inbred animals, but the average inbreeding was low. The most vulnerable breeds to loss of GD are DC and PN. Therefore, a breeding program should be more oriented to prevent the increase of GD loss in these breeds.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The initial start-up founders are also often successful and sometimes unsuccessful. Conditions of establishment, it is necessary to management strategies such as site selection and strong entrepreneurial spirit with matching funds force to their aptitude. However, novice founder, in real estate transactions, there is a case in which a freak accident, such as the double sale occurs. South Korea's real estate transactions practice, difficult subject to systematic support, even as has been resolved legally, the damage of the victim so that the difficult issues that remain intact occurs. Therefore, beyond the problem to punish the perpetrators in such breach of trust crimes a legally double trade to this, is the strategy through the management histological approach received victim now of damage is required. We want to be viewed as discussion of What about the management strategy for accident prevention of real estate transactions in elementary founder accident concerning transactions such as real estate of double trafficking.