• Computers and Concrete
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2016

This paper deals with the reliability analysis of design formulations derived for predicting the punching shear capacity of FRP-reinforced two-way slabs. Firstly, a new design code formulation was derived by means of gene expression programming. This formulation differs from the existing ones as the slab length (L) was introduced in the equation. Next, the proposed formulation was tested for its generalization capability by a parametric study. Then, the stochastic analyses of derived and existing formulations were performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the reliability analyses of these equations were carried out based on the results of stochastic analysis and the ultimate state function of ASCE-7 and ACI-318 (2011). The results indicate that the prediction performance of new formulation is significantly higher as compared to available design equations and its reliability index is within acceptable limits.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.417.2-418
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• 2002

The rhGH-loaded PLGA microsphere formulation was prepared using a double emulsion process from hydrophilic 0:50 poly(D.L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers. To investigate the sustained efficacy of this formulation, ts pharmacodynamic characteristics were analyzed. It showed particle size of ca 53.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ with high drug ncorporation efficiency and it was sucutaneously administrated to hypophysectomized rats and whole body rowth responses of this formulation were compared to those of the different dosing patterns of rhGH. (omitted)

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Virtual work in multibody systems is frequently expressed as the inner product of the virtual displacement and the resultant force at the centroid. But provided that the resultant force is converted into the equipollent forces there is no restriction on where the analysis reference point is placed. There are basically three candidate points : the centroid, joint point and the instant global origin. The traditional fully recursive formulation uses the centroid, but the present work verifies that the instant global origin always shows better efficiency (e.g. 86% CPU time of the centroid for quarter car model) and joint point shows the efficiency between that of the centroid and the instant global origin. A discussion on how important it is to define the analysis reference point properly in a fully recursive formulation is also presented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.703-718
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• 2010

In classical higher-order discontinuous boundary element formulation for two-dimensional elastostatics, interpolation functions for different boundary variables (i.e., boundary displacements and tractions) are assumed to be the same. However, there is a derivational relationship between these variables. This paper presents a boundary element formulation, called Mixed Boundary Element Formulation, for two dimensional elastostatic problems in which above mentioned relationship is taking into account. The formulations are performed by using discontinuous first and second-order mixed boundary elements. Based on the formulations presented in this study, two computer softwares are developed and verified through some example problems. The results show that the present formulation is credible.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.523-536
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• 2017

A layerwise (LW) formulation based on the Galerkin method is presented to investigate the three-dimensional stress state in long sandwich plate which is subjected to tension force and pure bending moment. Based on the Galerkin method and the LW discretization approach, the equilibrium equations of elasticity for the long plate are written in the weak form and discretized through the thickness of the plate. The discretized equations are written in terms of displacement components of the numerical layers. The governing equations of the plate are solved analytically for the free edge boundary conditions. The distribution of stress state especially the 3D stress state in the vicinity of the edges of the sandwich plate which is subjected to tension and pure bending is studied. In order to increase the accuracy, the out of plane stresses are obtained by integrating the equilibrium equations of elasticity. The convergence and accuracy of the predictions are studied and various numerical results are presented for distribution of the in-plane and out of plane stresses in symmetric and un-symmetric sandwich plates.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2006

In this study the Ayurvedic formulation Dasamularista was studied for its preliminary pharmacological properties using laboratory mice. Dasamularista showed a decrease in food intake and stool formation, while the water content of stool and water intake was higher and the volume of the urine was less. Dasamularista in a slight extent reduced the intestinal motility. This constipating effect was further supported by the significant anti-diarrhoeal property of the formulation in castor oil induced dairrhoea. The tested formulation markedly increased the latent period of diarrhoea and reduced the purging index value. Dasamularista did not alter the acetic acid induced abdominal writhing. Significant reduction on the onset of sleeping time and increased duration of sleep was observed in pentobarbital induced sleeping time test.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.396-399
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• 1995

This paper presents a new formulation of the kinematics of closed-chain mechanisms and its applications to obtaining the kinematic solutions and analyzing the singularities. Closed-chain mechanisms under consideration may have the redundancy in the number of joints. A closed-chain mechanism can be treated as the parallel connection of two open-chains with respect to a point of interest. The kinematics of a closed-chain mechanism is then obtained by imposing the kinematic constraints of the closed-chain on the kinematics of the two open-chains. First, we formulate the kinematics of a closed-chain mechanism using the kinematic constraint between the controllable active joints and the rest of joints, instead of the kinematic constraint between the two open-chains. The kinematic formulation presented in this paper is valid for closed-chain mechanisms with and without the redundancy. Next, based on the derived kinematics of a closed-chain mechanism, we provide the kinematic solutions which are more physically meaningful and less sensitive to numerical instability, and also suggest an effective way to analyze the singularities. Finally, the computational cost associated with the kinematic formulation is analyzed.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2016

The present work extends the recent variational formulation to more general time-dependent problems. Thus, based upon recent works of variational formulation in dynamics and pure heat diffusion in the context of the extended framework of Hamilton's principle, formulation for fully coupled thermoelasticity is developed first, then, with thermoelasticity-poroelasticity analogy, poroelasticity formulation is provided. For each case, energy conservation and energy dissipation properties are discussed in Fourier transform domain.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.spc1
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• pp.312-319
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• 2005

For real time dynamic simulation, two different subsystem synthesis methods with independent generalized coordinates have been developed and compared. In each formulation, the subsystem equations of motion are generated in terms of independent generalized coordinates. The first formulation is based on the relative Cartesian coordinates with respect to moving subsystem base body. The second formulation is based on the relative joint coordinates using recursive formulation. Computational efficiency of the formulations has been compared theoretically by the arithmetic operational counts. In order to verify real-time capability of the formulations, bump run simulations of a quarter car model with SLA suspension subsystem have been carried out to measure the actual CPU time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2156-2164
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• 1997

A new formulation for the dynamic analysis of constrained multibody systems is presented in this paper. The formulation employs Kane's method along with the null space method. Kane's method reduces the dimension of equations of motion by using partial velocity matrix introduced in this study : it can improve the efficiency of the formulation. Three numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the formulation.