• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Objectives: Here, we investigated the effects of concentrated and lyophilized powders Blue honeysuckle (BH) on the PK of tamoxifen, to establish the pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles as one of essential process in new drug development. Methods: After single oral treatment of 0.4 mg/ml of tamoxifen or tamoxifen 0.4 with BH 40, 20 and 10 mg/ml, the plasma were collected at 0.5 hr before administration, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after end of single or mixed formula treatment. Plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. Tmax, Cmax, AUC, t1/2 and MRTinf were analyzed using noncompartmental PK data analyzer programs. Results: Tamoxifen and BH 40 mg/ml did not induce any significant change on the plasma tamoxifen concentrations, while significant decreases were observed in tamoxifen and BH 10 mg/ml from 2 to 8 hr as compared with tamoxifen only, respectively. Furthermore, significant increases of Tmax in tamoxifen and BH 40 mg/ml, significant decreases of Cmax in tamoxifen and BH 20 mg/ml, significant decreases of AUC0-t, AUC0-inf and MRTinf in tamoxifen and BH 10 mg/ml were demonstrated as compared with tamoxifen only. Conclusion: Taken together, tamoxifen and BH 10 mg/ml induced significant decrease of the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, while tamoxifen and BH 40 or 20 mg/ml did not critically influenced, suggesting formulated BH concentration-independencies. It, therefore, seems to be needed that pharmacokinetic study after repeated administration should be tested to conclude the effects of BH on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2016

Objectives: Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Korean herbal medicine, has been widely used for the treatment of the blood stasis syndrome. This study is purposed to analyze the experimental research trend of GBH in Korea for developing further research plan. Methods: A search of Korean research database-Oasis, RISS and KISS- and Pubmed was carried out for publications until 2015, for the words, 'Guizhifulingwan', ‘Gyejibokryeonghwan’, or ‘Keishibukuryogan’. Then study selection is conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, studies not related or using modified formula or administered for human are excluded, 48 studies are included in this review, finally. We analyzed studies by research method, subject, outcome measure, and result of the study. Results: There were 31 in vivo studies about the effect of GBH on platelet aggregation, anti-oxidant, blood viscosity, and hypercholesterolemia, etc. 12 in vitro studies were about the effect of GBH on the cervical carcinoma, chronic kidney disease, uterine myoma, hepatocarcinoma, atherosclerosis, cancer chemo-prevent. 9 ex vivo studies were about the effect of GBH on the platelet aggregation, chronic kidney disease, ovaulatory disorder, and rheumarthritis.Conclusions: We proposed the translational research of GBH involving scientific discoveries and developing practical applications by investigating the concept of blood stasis syndrome in terms of current physiopathological mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects KH-204 on erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemic rat. KH-204 has been evaluated antihyperlipidemic and antierectile dysfunction effects on experimental hyperlipidemic rats induced by high fat diet. After oral administration of the water extract KH-204 (50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg) to hyperlipidemic rats for 8 weeks, the variables including body weight, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in serum, the expression of eNOS and nNOS in penis were measured. And erectile function was determined by measurement of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve. Oral administration of KH-204 significantly inhibited the increases of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and the decreased of serum HDL-cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high fat diet. The penile expression level of the two enzyme (eNOS, nNOS) were increased significantly after oral administration of the KH-204 50 mg/kg. Erectile function after 10 volts stimulation was significantly decreased in the hyperlipidemic rat compared with the normal rat, but increased in KH-204 group compared with hyperlipidemic group. These results suggest that KH-204 is effective for erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aim to evaluate effects of pharmacodynamics and toxicity in combination therapy of donepezil with Gongjindan. Methods : After 10mg/kg of donepezil treatment, Gongjindan 100mg/kg was administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24hrs after end of Gongjindan treatment, and plasma concentrations of donepezil were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of donepezil were analysis as compared with donepezil single administered rats. Results : Gongjindan markedly inhibited the absorption of donepezil regardless of sample time, from 30min to 8hrs after end of co-administration comparing with donepezil single treated rats. Especially the absorption of donepezil was significantly decreased at 2hrs after co-administration as compared with donepezil single treated rats, in the present study. Accordingly, the Cmax(-27.76%), $AUC_{0-t}$(-27.22%) and $AUC_{0-inf}$(-26.54%) of donepezil in co-administered rats were significantly decreased as compared with donepezil single treated rats, respectively. Conclusions : Based on the results of the present study, co-administration of Gongjindan decreases the oral bioavailability of donepezil by inhibiting the absorption. It is considered that the more detail pharmacokinetic studies should betested to conclude the effects of Gongjindan on the pharmacokinetics of donepezil, when they were co-administered, like the effects after co-administration with reasonable intervals considering the Tmax of donepezil and after repeated co-administrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.207-211
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• 2008

The importance of cost management in early stage has been increasing due to market change and competition severence in construction industry. Because the adjustable budget is only 20% after finishing design stage, the critical decision is made in the early stage. However, in the early stage, the design information is not enough to make crucial decision. Therefore, this research suggests the predicting method on the purpose of accurate cost estimation. The parametric estimation is appropriate for the early stage, especially it has the strength of rapidity in cost estimation. This research analyzes 84 actual data of public apartment on the scale of $11{\sim}15$ stories, and then performs the correlation analysis between cost and influence factors. After eliminating the parameters which causes the problem of multicollinearity, this research derived the formula through the multi-regression analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2011.12a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2011

The control of magnetization by an electric field at room temperature remains as one of great challenges in materials science. Multiferroics, in which magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist and couple to each other, could be the most plausible candidate to realize this long-sought capability. While recent intensive research on the multiferroics has made significant progress in sensitive, magnetic control of electric polarization, the electrical control of magnetization, the converse effect, has been observed only in a limited range far below room temperature. Here we demonstrate at room temperature the control of both electric polarization by a magnetic field and magnetization by an electric field in a multiferroic hexaferrite. The electric polarization rapidly increases in a magnetic field as low as 5 mT and the magnetoelectric susceptibility reaches up to 3200 ps/m, the highest value in single phase materials. The magnetization is also modulated up to 0.34 mB per formula unit in an electric field of 1.14 MV/m. Furthermore, this compound allows nonvolatile, magnetoelectric reading- and writing-operations entirely at room temperature. Four different magnetic/electric field writing conditions generate repeatable, distinct M versus E curves without dissipation, offering an unprecedented opportunity for a multi-bit memory or a spintronic device applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2007

A voltage drop in the electrical circuit must be unavoidable. The voltage drop in the electrical circuit means a loss of heat. The heat lost would change the characteristics of the insulator and thus, the insulating performance would be towered resulting in electric leakage, electric shock, power failure, fire and other accidents. Hence, an optimized design against the voltage drop in the electrical circuit must be an important factor determining safety and economy of electrical facilities. This study analyzed the effects of voltage drop on the electrical circuit for such low-voltage electrical facilities requiring the public safety foremost and subject to multi-distributed random loads as street lamps, buildings and subway stations, and thereupon, developed an optimized voltage drop computation program to enhance safety and economy of those electrical facilities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Objectives: Objectives: The object of this study was to elucidate the possible effects on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration of Gamisoyo-san (GMSYS) with 2.5 hr-intervals combination therapy of tamoxifen with GMSYS. Methods: After 2.5 hr of 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, GMSYS 100 mg/kg was administered. The plasma was collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMSYS treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: Although single co-administration with GMSYS with 2.5 hr-interval induced increased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations, there are no significant changes on the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were demonstrated in tamoxifen and GMSYS 100 mg/kg co-administrated rats with 2.5 hr-intervals as compared to those of tamoxifen single 50 mg/kg treated rats, and also GMSYS co-administrated rats did not showed any significant changes on the all pharmacokinetic parameters as compared to those of tamoxifen single formula treated rats. Conclusions: According to the this study, single co-administration of GMSYS with 2.5 hr-intervals did not critically influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, suggesting GMSYS did not critically influenced on the absorption and excretion of tamoxifen, the oral bioavailability, when they were co-administered with 2.5 hr-intervals, at the dose levels of tamoxifen 50 mg/kg and GMSYS 100 mg/kg.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

The effects of Gamisoyo-san (GMSYS) co-administration within 5 min on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tamoxifen were observed. After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen oral treatment, GMSYS 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min to 7-wk old male SPF.VAF Outbred Crl:CD [Sprague-Dawley (SD)] rats. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMSYS treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. Tmax, Cmax, AUC, t1/2 and MRTinf of tamoxifen were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Although co-administration with GMSYS did not critically influenced on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral tamoxifen, they induced increased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations, especially significant (p<0.05) increases of plasma tamoxifen concentrations were demonstrated at 0.5 hr after end of co-administration with GMSYS as compared with tamoxifen single formula treated rats, at dosage levels of tamoxifen 10 mg/kg and GMSYS 100 mg/kg within 5 min. It is considered that pharmacokinetic studies should be tested like the effects of GMSYS on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen, when they were co-administered with prolonger intervals than Tmax of tamoxifen oral administration (about 2.5 hr-intervals), to achieve the optimal dosing regimen of GMSYS and tamoxifen co-administration.