• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.683-694
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• 2018

The ginseng extract was dried and added forming agents using lactose, glucose and arabic gum to enhance convenience and consumer acceptability. As the addition of lactose increased, the absorption of ginseng granule decreased and the solubility tended to increase as the amount of glucose added decreased. The amount of solubilized saponin from the ginseng granules was affected more by the addition amount of ginseng concentrate than by the kind and amount of the forming agents added. Absorption and solubility tended to increase with increasing amount of arabic gum, and there was no significant difference in color change(p<0.05). The optimal mixing ratio of ginseng granules according to addition of forming agents was 10% of ginseng concentrate, 80% of lactose, 5% of glucose and 5% of arabic gum.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1991

Effects of Allolobophora caliginosatrapezoides (Ac) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and hypersensitivity were studied in vivo. It showed that Ac polysaccharide fractions have the significant inhibitory activities of inflammation and hypersensitivity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They also inhibited significantly the Arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity in the sheep red blood cell-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer, plaque-forming cells and rosette-forming cells. They also improved markedly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats dose-dependently. As the above results, it exhibited that Ac polysaccharide fraction inhibited not only humoral immune response, but also cell-mediated immune response. It seemed that methanol and ether extracts have also another physiological active agents.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2003

In order to develop a film-forming transdermal drug delivery system, polyurethane (PU) based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized PU was blended with Gantrez ES 225 (GT) to improve the adhesion property of film-forming agent to the skin. When film-forming gel formulation containing 3% ketoprofen (KP) was applied, transparent thin film was obtained within 5 minutes and adhered to the skin for 8 hours. In vitro percutaneous absortion studies were performed to determine the rate of ketoprofen absorption through guinea pig skin. A prominent effect of limonene on the skin permeability of ketoprofen was observed among the various skin permeation enhancers investigated. Considering mechanica properties of film and skin permeability of ketoprofen, 2% of limonene was optimal content in the film forming transdermal formulation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) was chemically modified, using maleic anhydrides, to obtain pH-sensitive HPMCAM (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate maleate) polymers for use as novel duodenum-specific coating agents. The pharmaceutical properties of HPMCAM, such as film forming, acid values, pH-sensitive values, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and Tg, were investigated, and found to show good film forming properties. The pH­sensitive values were 3.0 to 3.7. In vitro results demonstrate that HPMCAM could completely suppress drug release within 2h in a simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and rapidly release the drug in a simulated pathological duodenal fluid (pH 3.4). These results indicate that HPMCAM might be a useful material for a duodenum-specific drug delivery system.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2016

Light-weight concrete uses forming agents for reducing weight and high heat insulation property. However, the forming agents make problems of decreased volume and compressive strength of the concrete. This research aims to having weight-reduction and securing heat insulation property using recycled wasted form polyurethane without any forming agents. A small quantity of admixture used for constructability and avoiding material segregation. We picked admixtures from two different companies which shows evenly dispersed of wasted form polyurethane. This research conducts a study on the effect of mixing ratio of admixture on the light-weight concrete used wasted form polyurethane. As a result of the test, increased mixing ratio of the admixtures results reduced fluidity of concrete. On the other hand, percentage of moisture content and compressive strength are increased slightly. Combustibility performance and sound insulation performance are also secured, as well.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

Objective: To analyze osteoporosis treatment patterns and teriparatide prescription-associated factors in Korea by using a national health insurance claims database. Methods: We utilized the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patients Sample claims database to identify patients (aged ≥50 years) with at least one osteoporosis claim (International Classification of Disease 10th revision code: M80, M81, M82) and at least one prescription for osteoporosis medication (antiresorptive agents: bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and calcitonin; bone-forming agent: teriparatide) in 2018. Demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization patterns were analyzed. Factors associated with teriparatide prescriptions were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Records showed that 44,815 patients were prescribed osteoporosis medications in 2018; the percentage of patients prescribed each treatment was as follows: 86.6% bisphosphonates, 13.9% selective estrogen receptor modulators, 3.1% calcitonin, 2.1% denosumab, and 0.7% teriparatide. A greater proportion of patients prescribed teriparatide were ≥75 years (53.4% vs. 33.8%) and had fractures (63.9% vs. 12.8%) compared to the same for antiresorptives (p<0.001). Patients prescribed teriparatide had higher Charlson comorbidity index values (1.2±1.3 vs. 0.9±1.2) and were more frequently hospitalized (0.8±1.3 vs. 0.1±0.5) than those prescribed antiresorptives (p<0.001). Elderly patients (≥75 years old; adjusted OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.16-2.38) and those with fractures (adjusted OR=6.23; 95% CI 4.76-8.14) were more likely to be prescribed teriparatide than antiresorptives. Conclusion: Patients prescribed teriparatide were older and more likely to have severe osteoporosis than those prescribed antiresorptives.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.659-667
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the effects of the blanching condition (immersion ratio 1:15 (w/v) for 3 min at $95^{\circ}C$, and solution containing 1% sodium chloride) and selected forming agents (dextrin DE=10, dextrin DE=20, ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin; each forming agents added 5%) on the phytochemical compounds and quality characteristics of Ligularia fischeri leaves. The moisture was not affected by the forming agent. The color of a, b and chroma values were low in the blanching treatment groups and were significantly lowest with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (CD). The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the blanching treatment groups were higher than those in the non-blanching-treatment group. The ascorbic acid content was higher in the non-blanching-treatment group and was significantly highest in the group treated with dextrin (DE=10) whereas the blanching treatment groups showed lower dehydroascorbic acid content than the non-blanching-treatment group. The water absorption was higher in the non-blanching-treatment group and was significantly highest in the group treated with CD. The water solubility in the blanching treatment groups treated with dextrin (DE=20) and CD was higher than that in the blanching treatment group treated with DE=10. The total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b contents were high in the blanching treatment group treated with CD, and for the total carotenoid contents, the same tendency as that seen with the chlorophyll content was observed. With regard to the particle diameter, those in the blanching treatment groups were lower than that in the non-blanching-treatment group and was significantly lowest in the blanching treatment groups treated with DE=20 and CD. The result of SEM observation showed that the spray-dried powders in blanching treatment groups treated with the DE=20 and CD forming agents had uniform particle distribution.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2004

The formation of a supply chain should be approached with distributive viewpoint considering the dynamic nature of ordering environments. The purpose of this paper is to design a semantic web to support agent negotiation forming supply chains. With the view of a supply chain as composed of competitive agents which represent each member of supply chains with a local goal, a supply chain is formed through negotiation of price, due date choosing partners to contract. In the development of a negotiation method, we employ ontology and rules which are the basic techniques of the semantic web for supporting automated negotiations. Especially, a framework for a negotiation process is suggested and domain, processes and rules ontology are designed interrelatedly. With this modeling, a possibility of the semantic web based agent negotiation is suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2001

Gums, resins and gum-resins represent a variety of plant exudates that are highly prized and are extensively used in various industries. The usage of water soluble gums is growing at faster rate as they are excellent suspending agents, dispersants stabilizing agents, emulsifiers and gel forming agents. The gums are made up of carbohydrate polymers, composed of sugar units glycosidically condensed to form large molecules. Resins are non-volatile products, and oxidative products of terpenes or fatty acids, and are of greater commercial importance. They are soluble in water and contrasted with gums, soluble in organic solvents only.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2003

The carbon utilizations of Bacillus species and Pythium species were investigated by using a Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay to determine if there are differences in the carbon utilizations of selected strains of these species. It may be possible to afford a competitive advantage to bacterial biological control agents by providing them with a substrate that they can readily use as a carbon source, for example, in a seed coating formulation. Microplates, identified as SFP, SFN and YT were used to identify spore-forming bacteria, nonspore-forming bacteria, and yeast, respectively. Bacterial and mycelial suspensions were adjusted to turbidities of 0.10 to 0.11 at 600 nm. One hundred microliters of each of the bacterial and mycelial suspension were inoculated into each well of each of the three types of microplates. L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-melezitose and D-melibiose of the 147 carbohydrates tested were found to be utilized only by bacteria, and not by Pythium species, by Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay, and this was confirmed by traditional shake flask culture. Thus, it indicated that the Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay could be readily used to search for specific carbon sources that could be utilized to increase the abilities of bacterial biological control agents to adapt to contrived environments.