• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2017

The primary objective of the current work was to develop a standardized retrofit hull form capable of saving energy based on existing vessels. The bow shape of existing vessels was investigated, giving consideration to design draft and speed. Resistance performances were assessed for existing vessels according to operating conditions. Commercial CFD codes and model test materials were used for assessment of effective power. Three retrofit hull forms with minimum resistance were selected given real operating conditions. These vessels were named after customized ready-made hull forms to enable ship owners to make easier choices. The effective power of each vessel was estimated under real operating conditions. Subjects were operated with the lowest draft, and performance for retrofit No. 3 showed an 11-16% improvement in effective power at low speed ranges of 16-18 knots compared to existing vessels. When operated with a middle draft, performance for retrofit No. 3 showed a 6-11% improvement in effective power at low speed ranges compared to existing vessels. When operated with the highest draft, performance for all vessels showed little difference in effective power.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.151-181
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• 1998

This study purports to find out the meanings of chemotherapy among cancer patients. The subjects of this study were selected from those patients who have taken chemotherapy at least twice at a hospital affiliated with a university. The twelve subjects agreed to join the present study and had no problem in communication with others. The data were collected through observations and interviews by the researcher. The phenomenological analysis method proposed by Giorgi was adopted for analyzing the data. The experiences of the subjects to chemotherapy were classified into 24 atributes. These attributes were also categorized into four groups such as hope, pain, fear, and ordea according to their meanings. The subjects expressed hope through the attributes such as "the wish for a new life." "the wish for healing." "the plasure form improvement of cancer." "the wish for being discharged form a hospital." "the interest in dietectic treatment." and "the trust in medical staff." Pain was represented by such attributes as "the physical pain", "the suffering from intravenous injection." "the discomfort of hospital environment." and "the economic burden." As for the attributes represention fear, "fear of being hospitalized." "tehr obscurity of uncertain situations." "the fear of side effects." "the fear of recurrence of cancer," "the lack of knowledge of the disease." Finally, nine attributes werw frouped to ordeal "the will endeavouring to recover cancer" "the adaptation to the present situation." "the giving up of being healthy," "the regret of the past life." "the recognition of significant others." "the physical changes." "the emotional changes." "the social changes." "the recollection of illness experiences." The above findings indicate that chemotherapy means hope, pain, fear, and ordeal to those cancer patinests under treatment. Hence, the nursing interventions for those cancer patients need to be directed to maintaining hope, alleviating pain and fear, and overcoming ordeal. There are some suggestions in achieving these goals : (1) the nurses caring for cancer patients need to understand the meaning of chemotherapy experienced by those patients, (2) a nursing specialty of intravenous injection needs to be developed, (3) interventions for providing emotional support should be devised, (4) nursing care should also be available to those cancer patients being dischaged at home.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.353-368
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• 2015

Walter Van Beirendonck expresses a fairy tale world of perverted sexual desire of sadism and masochism, violence, and aggressiveness that breaks from a transient one-time concept as is an essential element of fashion. This study classifies the aesthetic characteristic shown on the design of Walter Van Beirendonck and analyzes the intent of his symbolism and meaning. The attempt has a meaning in exploring a new directionality of fashion by conveying a critical message to this end, contemporary fashion breaks down boundaries with artistic genre and connects a problematic consciousness that exists in life with fashion. The results of study on the aesthetic characteristics of Walter Van Beirendonck are as follows. First, Beirendonck emphasized an interpersonal image about body by giving a question through the deconstruction of image on a perfect body into race, age, and body based on body modification. Second, fetishism appeared as a consciousness that human identity and character can be changed by connecting a fetish element of sexual identity, and sadism and masochism with fashion's imagination. Third, infantilism as an amusement expression of the form metaphorically satirized life of modern people. Fourth, makeup shown on performance or festival of an African tribe was used in the way of mixture or reuse for ethnography to obtain inspiration from ethnography. Fifth, pop art combined a popular culture code as amusement through mass production and mass media. Aesthetics of Beirendonck do not have norm and are bold in using form, color, pattern, print, and styling because Beirendonck reinterpreted critical attitudes about essential problems that human life entails into a motif of his symbolic meaning in amusement. In regards to his design aesthetics, Beirendonck expanded fashion to the scope of Gesamtkunstwerk in a consistent and continued theme combined with philosophical creativity and differentiated from other fashion designers.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

Objectives: Compliance of herbal medicine is extremely important in Korean oriental medicine, since herbal medicine is main approach to the most of outpatients in Korean pediatrics. The more compliant to the medication, the more effective care is given to children. Thus, we conducted this research to evaluate the compliance of herbal medicine, and factors associated with compliance in children. Methods: 61 children (men 28, women 33) were participated who visited the Korean Oriental Medicine Department in university hospital for two weeks. We used Morisky's self-reported questionnaire which is consisted of four questions. Also, we checked medical records and researched respondent to acquire more factors. We defined as a "full compliant" if answers were 'No' to all of the questions. We analyzed the compliance and associated factors with Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Compliance and associated factors were analyzed with linear regression. Results: Compliance of herbal medicine was not related to respondent, and 34 children (55.7%) were non-compliant. The best compliant type of herbal medicine was granule medication (p=0.046). However, there was no relationship between compliance and age, sex, sibling, purpose of medication, period of disease, frequency of medication, and medication duration. The age, frequency of medication, medication duration, and purpose of medications(period of disease) had correlation(p<0.01). Also, older children tended to forget to take herbal medicine(p=0.004). Conclusions: Over an half of the total subjects (55.7%) were non-compliant, so we should improve compliance of herbal medicine. Since granule form of medication was shown to have the best compliance, we should try to use granule form of medication instead of liquid medications. Also, we can also improve compliance with giving attention to the patients, especially older children in order to improve their compliance.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.23-27
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• 2019

People's interest in the environmental problems of the Earth is growing as they come to the modern world, and research is being actively conducted on how to protect the environment. As a result, the automobile industry, one of the causes of environmental pollution, is also affected. Therefore, research is being conducted to improve the fuel economy and light weight of cars, development of pollution-free cars such as electric cars, and aluminium materials that are lighter than ordinary steel sheets and easier to recycle are gaining attention. In this experiment, the material was formed to form a form of aluminium and the material reduction rate of the side wall of the foam was tested according to the amount of side wall. The material used in the experiment was A3003-O, which is less plastic than normal steel plates, but has excellent corrosion resistance, plasticity and weldability compared to aluminium materials, but has poor tensile strength. For tensile testing, a certain array of Forming Shapes was molded and the height of the Forming was set to 5mm, and the height of the Forming was 4.7mm, indicating that the difference between the first 5mm Forming and the height was not large. In addition, the material reduction rate was tested by giving 15, 0, and -0.15 teas, respectively, and was found to be valuable as a product only for -0.15.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1999

The characteristics of heat conduction for the heat source boundary like an arch shape cavern are different from those for the semi-infinite or circular boundary which can be driven theoretically. A new form of transient heat conduction equation in rock mass around the arch shape cavern is evaluated with analyzing the pattern of the rock temperature distribution measured at the cold storage pilot plant. The new equation, which is driven by adopting a shape function, $SF=\sqrt{logx_0/log(x_0+x)}$ to the solution for a semi-infinite boundary, has the semi-radial form of temperature variation with distance. And, thermal properties of rock mass are estimated by comparing the rock temperature distributions by this equation with those by measurement. Thermal conductivity and specific heat of rock mass are estimated as giving the difference of 20~25% compared to those of laboratory scale. This difference seems to be caused by discontinuity like joint and water content in rock mass.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-63
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• 2001

This article does not deal with a theory or theories in the usual sense of the term but rather harks back to its etymological source, theorein ' to look at.' The phrase 'theory of language' thus purports a 'view of language' and does not carry the force of scientific explication of language. In fact, the word ' scientific' or 'science' per se originates from scire 'to know' and is here to be considered not so much in regard to some kind of positivistic methodology as a form of knowledge. If this exposition sounds unduly ingenious, that is because one is caught up in all kinds of presuppositions about the words under consideration. Sometimes, when we come to grips with an issue that strikes our mind as truly important, our language, by the light of which we hope to proceed safely, plays the will-o'-the-wisp instead and leaves us in the middle of a murky maze, twisting what was at first blush a mere cinch into a Gordian knot. On such occasions, etymology comes along the way and sends us back to itself as its own principle: Resort to etymos logos 'original, true word'! The main thrust of the present study is that alongside the quantitative, positivistic thought there is another equally valuable mode of qualitative and humanistic thinking that makes a whole gamut of new and concrete investigations possible, that an integrated theory of language is Possible by way of a happy amalgamation of diversified, humanistic views of language. With this idea as the leitmotif we explore two models of theory which typically set themselves up for a 'scientific' approach to language: analytic philosophy that delves into what it calls logical simples, and contemporary linguistics that stubbornly teeters around some formal rigor or other. It is argued that they are both characterized by a looking away from the fluid, ill-definable aspects of language, giving a preference to segments and isolated facts as a means to avoid those larger wholes and totalities which if they had to be seen would in the long run lead to an uncomfortable state of mind. Language, in the final analysis, is a Protean entity: so capricious and multifarious, and yet so noetic and prophetic, that we should catch sight of its picturesque images in their entirety to give form to an integrated theory of language.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2019

The ice damage occurs frequently in cold and dry region of western China in winter ice period and spring thaw period. In the drift ice condition, it is easy to form different extrusion force or impact force to damage tunnel lining, causing project failure. The failure project could not arrive the original planning and construction goal, giving rise to the water allocation pressure which influences diversion irrigation and farming production in spring. This study conducts the theoretical study on contact-impact algorithm of drift ices crashing diversion tunnel based on the symmetric penalty function in finite element theory. ANSYS/LS-DYNA is adopted as the platform to establish tunnel model and drift ice model. LS-DYNA SOLVER is used as the solver and LS-PREPOST is used to do post-processing, analyzing the damage degrees of drift ices on tunnel. Constructing physical model in the experiment to verify and reveal the impact damage mechanism of drift ices on diversion tunnel. The software simulation results and the experiment results show that tunnel lining surface will form varying degree deformation and failure when drift ices crash tunnel lining on different velocity, different plan size and different thickness of drift ice. The researches also show that there are damages of drift ice impact force on tunnel lining in the thawing period in cold and dry region. By long time water scouring, the tunnel lining surfaces are broken and falling off which breaks the strength and stability of the structure.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.172-180
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• 2014

A railway station appears in the form of multi-use station building where cultural and commercial elements such as shopping and leisure are mixed, getting out of simple space configuration oriented to the space for station work, where a passenger stays for a little while. Now, a railway station is a place expanded to the inside of city, and builds a relationship with urban fabric, and therefore it should receive the social change in the time together with the surrounding infrastructure, and should inevitably form the urban environment. And it should become the 'Place' so as to be capable of playing a role of buffer and a role of regional gateway landmark by making users included in the inside through various uses with regard to the dispersed urban connection. Hence, this study is intended to examine the planning through the place branding of railway station. In the method of research, the characteristics that place branding had was investigated, and an analysis was made on the basis of 10 place branding strategic elements and 6 railway design guidelines. And it was intended to set a direction in which the existing place branding strategy could be applied to the railway station, and was intended to derive the place branding planning strategic elements of railway station. Hence, the planning can be classified into the following 5 kinds in connection with railway station. First, identity should be embodied through the strategy of constructing the symbolic image of railway station. Second, a role of mediating variously approaching flows in the city should be played. Third, the spatial layout of railway station, which can increase the efficiency of use, should be arranged. Fourth, special characteristics should be intensified through creative storytelling that stimulates emotion. Fifth, an organic change is gradually necessary for sustainability. These planning elements should be applied in harmonious combination. Therefore, a new railway station can be maded by building identity and placeness and by giving the value through these planning directions in the future.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-155
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• 2005

'Healthy Japan 21' is a new health policy that has been proposed for the 21st century: it embodies a totally new concept for its viewpoints and methods. To start with, for its goal, the focus is placed on the 'quality of life' or a life that is free of diseases, rather than mere prolongation of life. For its doctrine, the emphasis has shifted dramatically from improving the health of the entire population(the traditional approach for health improvement) to 'achieving an ideal health status for each individual. The ultimate aged society that arrives first in Japan is a society in its ultimate form for human being. Why did Japan become westernized, giving up her traditional culture? Why did she go through industrialization, sacrificing her nature? And why does she try so hard to industrialize the developing countries? These efforts are all preparation for the arrival of a ultimate aged society. During the 20th century, we believed in unlimited possibilities and expanded our social frontier. In the 21st century, on the other hand, a super-aged society(the ultimate society), a glimpse of which we have witnessed from time to time, will descend on us sooner or later. It is expected to arrive first in Japan. 'Healthy Japan 21' is intended to prepare for the arrival of the hitherto unheard of super-aged society by building the physiological basis of people. This policy is social experimentation on an immense social scale, in which questions are posed on the understanding of health, the relationship between individuals and society, the relationship between administration and citizens, the manner by which central and local governments operate, and the new relationship between prevention and therapy, 'Healthy Japan 21' may be summarized as an experiment on a huge scale directed to the ultimate form of human society, in which Japan and each of her citizens play a role and set an example for the rest of the world. Even just by considering various approaches newly suggested for this venture, one may be convinced that it is a policy with features suitable for a country that has already achieved the world's highest longevity.