• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal dyeing conditions and human-friendly properties of the extract from the branches of Alnus firma tree which is widely used for forestation and to provide basic information for quantification and commercialization of natural dyeing by discovering such as dye material. The optimal dyeing conditions, as a result, were shown at 100% of dye concentration, $90^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 40 minutes of dyeing time. In terms of dye uptake depending on the mordanting methods, it showed the best result in order of Fe, Sn, Cu and Al at pre-mordanting while found strong in order of Fe, Cu, Al and Sn at post-mordanting. Color fastness to washing and dry cleaning was found strong at grade 4-5 and fastness to light was rated at 2. The grade of change in color to rubbing and perspiration was good at 4-5. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 98% deodorization rate at 120 minutes of dyeing time, 96.1% UV protection rate and 99.9% bacterial reduction against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneuminiae. It is considered, therefore, the extract from Alnus firma tree is of great value as an eco-friendly natural dyestuff.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2015

This study made use of 9 types of utilizing idle farmland deducted from existing research in order to examine cases by type of idle farmland, and selected representative cases by type after analyzing contents of 165 available newspaper articles. Selected Cases were assorted into agricultural use and nonagricultural use, and agricultural use are as followed. (1)Community Service/Farming type is the case of Gimhae city reported on 'Busan Ilbo', (2)High Income/Farming type is the case of cooperative unit of Geumjeong crude drug in Yeongam appeared in 'Newsis', and the case of Omija industry in Mungyeong reported on 'Hankyoreh', (3)Tourism/Landscape/Farming type is the case of rape flowers and buckwheat flowers in Gupo village reported on 'Asia News Agency', (4)Stock Raising/Farming type is the case of growing foraging crops published in 'The Daejeon Ilbo', (5)Weekend farm type is the case of utilizing idle farmlands and creating weekend farm reported on 'Mediawatch', (6)High income/Forest type is creating Mulberry cultivation areas in Hamyang-Gun published in 'Yonhap News', (7)Ecology/Landscape/Forest type is forestation project of idle land reported on 'Newsis', (8)Agricultural Experience Study type is the case of managing agricultural experience study center in Dosun elementary center published in 'Sisajeju' and the case of non-agricultural application case, (9)Ecological Environment type is the case of wetland restoration of idle farmland in Gochang. This study investigated and arranged detailed contents by the literature search and interview investigation according to investigating items such as utilizing area, main agent, purpose, utilizing item, utilizing content, etc. by case. With that, it deducted implications as well as case characteristics, and finally suggested political proposals through the case analysis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2011

Of the countries where Korea has advanced for overseas afforestation investments, Indonesia might be the most important country. As the end of 2010, nine Korean companies have been implementing afforestation projects in Indonesia, covering a total area of one hundred and fifty thousand hectares roughly. Following the Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) on afforestation investment covering five hundred thousand hectares (A/R CDM / industrial afforestation) signed between Korea and Indonesia, the two countries concluded in 2009 an additional MOU covering two hundred thousand hectares for biomass afforestation, thus securing a total afforestation area of seven hundred thousand hectares. Further it was guaranteed that afforestation license would have validity for maximum 95 years, which laid the foundation for long-term stable investments for afforestation projects. Forest law of Indonesia consists of Presidential decree and Governmental decree as superior regulations and Minister's decree as subordinate regulations, being made up of total 17 chapters. Forestry Minister's decree was amended at end of last year, as regards license for exploitation of timber and forestry products in afforestation area. In the past, such license to develop and use timber and forestry products had been granted under Forestry Minister's decree No. P 11 / Menhut-II / 2008. After the amendment in 2010, however, the ground was shifted to Forestry Minister's decree No. P 50 / Menhut-II / 2010, trimming the procedure to obtain afforestation license into a little simplified one.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.5_1
• /
• pp.465-473
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and changes of soil properties in the burned areas lapsed 28 years after the forest fire in Mt.Palgong. The forest fire occurred on March, 1969 and the red pine (pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The results are summarized as follows: the floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 49 and 48 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were Lespedeza maximowicxii(87.75), Carex humilis (62.94), Rhododendron schippenbachii(55.78) and Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens (51.94). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (81.17), Quercus serrata (53.58)m Carex humilis (53.11) and Miscanthus sinenis var. purpuracens (52.42) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both areas. The indices of similarity (CCs) between the two areas were 0.80. Degree of succession (DS) was 734 in the burned area and 809 in the unburned area. The species diversity (H) and evenness indices (e) in the burned and unburned areas were 2.05, 2.13 and 0.53, 0.55, respectively. Dominance index (C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in burned area were comparatively higher than those of unburned area. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases. These results suggest that there was relationship between trend of vegetation recovery and the changes of soil properties after the forest fire. Mixed forestation of fire-resistant species and nitrogen fixation species will be effective for reforestation after the forest fire.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2018

Considering the high needs of recipient countries and the regional biases of Korean Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy, increases in the total amount of ODA and allocation to the forest sector are needed for Central Asia. In Tajikistan, illegal harvesting and grazing cause a gradual decrease in forest area. The Tajikistan government conserves forests by requesting international cooperation and establishing a policy for sustainable management of forest resources and prevention of further damages. To suggest suitable strategies and plans, the current statuses of forests and forestry were investigated, and ODA projects that can illustrate successful Korean experiences of forestation were conceived based on various geographical features and local conditions of Tajikistan in this study. Forest resource creation type projects (fuelwood and Tugai forest restoration) could result in energy independence and enhancement of ecosystem service such as a climate regulation and an increase in biodiversity. Community development type projects (introduction of ecotourism, agroforestry, and planting of fruit trees) can contribute to job creation and encourage participation of local residents, thus improving their incomes. In addition, establishment of a project foundation, including education, training, and a national forest inventory, would help those projects be sustainable in the long-term.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.4
• /
• pp.698-707
• /
• 2011

Over the past 10 years, South Korea has implemented various plantation projects including the Pine Restoration Project in Tujiin Nars and the desertification prevention forestation in Lun soum. This study has evaluated the implementation feasibility on the small-scale A/R CDM projects in Mongolia through which carbon emission credits can be secured. Characteristics, pros and cons, economic feasibility, and project execution feasibility were compared among three possible sites, Khyalganat, Tujiin Nars, and Lun soum. Among the three evaluated sites, Tujiin Nars has the better condition in tree growth, economic feasibility, and the applicability of experience than the other two sites. A/R CDM project in Mongolia, which has a great environmental benefit of combating desertification, is expected to have some effectiveness such as lowering costs from credit benefit, sustainable management by villagers, contribution to communities, investor's contribution to society and achievement of green image, and strengthening forestry cooperation between Korea and Mongolia.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2021

This study shows that coastal sand dunes are negatively affected by coastal forests. In South Korea, planting pine trees on the dunes has been carried out to stabilize the dune landscapes and protect residential areas from coastal disasters since the 20th century. However, this strategy could reduce the resilience of dunes. In this study, we selected three monitoring sites with automated weather stations to compare the geomorphological and environmental characteristics between tree-covered and grass-covered dunes at Sohwang-ri, Boryeong-si, Chungnam Province for three years. In addition, we monitored the rates of erosion and deposition using eight pins along the dune crests. We found that the forest affected both wind velocity and direction, resulting in decreased blown sand supply to the dunes in front of the forest. The velocity of the strong winds faster than 5 m/s diminished to 10%-30% of the control sites, and the direction of northwesterly wind were skewed to the north by about 6°. Sand deposition occurred at about 15-20 m away from the pine forest and the amount was only 1/10 of the deposition within the grass-covered dunes. This study suggests that planting trees in coastal dunes is an undesirable strategy with negative impacts on the landscape management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.580-589
• /
• 2015

The artificially grown forests of larch, planted in accordance with the nationwide afforestation policy in the 1970s, are located inside national parks. This study intended to induce a forestation system by which the forests develop into an ecologically healthy and broadleaved ecosystem with broad species diversity. For this, the aspects of natural regeneration of broadleaves from 2010 to 2013 after thinning by density (30%, 50%, and 70%) in 2009 were surveyed using the larch forest in the Woljeong Temple region inside Odaesan National Park. There were no trees that were larger than 2 cm in in diameter at breast height among the trees recently introduced between 2012 and 2013. A significant number of herbs have been introduced to the subsurface alongside young arboreal trees species such as Bumalda bladdernut, Acer triflorum, Cornus controversa etc and shrubs. However, many woody species did not survive the competition with herbs and repeated withering and regeneration. The number of woody species generated within the 30% cutting area was 440 species in 2013 and this figure has been increasing twofold each year. The number of woody plants within the 50% cutting area also showed an upward tendency and most plants did not survive in the competition with herbs and Sasa borealis and withered in only 1 ~ 2 years after generation. Unlike other thinning areas, the 70% cutting area showed 608 broadleaved trees, reflecting a decrease from 748 trees in 2012. This appeared to be attributed to the luxuriance of S. borealis and the sharp increase of fatsia following the inflow of total sunlight to the forest floor. Herbs were hardly generated due to the influence of S. borealis. Regarding the density for thinning at 50% or upper height, the forest treatment division shall maintain a proper density in the course of inducing artificial forestation of larch into natural broadleaved forests considering the luxuriance of sasa borealis and herbs due to the inflow of total sunlight to the forest floor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 1976

This is the abstract of the study on the check by static driving nail in Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Abies holophylla Maximowicz, and Larix leptolepis Gordon Pinet. which are commercial woods and main forestation species in Korea. The static driving resistance of nail is decresed straightly and the surface and back check's length and width were increased in proportion to increase of the moisture content, but the surface check length and width were over twice as large as the back check, also the check were happened in order of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Abies holophylla Maximowicz., and Larix leptolepis Gordon Pinet. As the driving nail speed was increased, surface check length and width were increased and the back check was over twice as large as the surface check.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.393-403
• /
• 2017

Mountain disasters in Korea have caused massive social and economic damage. During the period 2005-2014 there has been an annual average of 7 deaths and disaster recovery costs of 79.8 billion won in the country's 4393 ha of mountainous areas. The primary mountain disasters are landslides on mountain slopes, and secondary debris flows can spread along mountain streams, damaging facilities and settlements in lower areas. Typhoons and local rainfall can cause such disasters, while anthropogenic factors include development that damages the mountainous terrain. The study area was divided into three basins. For each basin, a debris flow vulnerability assessment method was proposed considering FLO-2D analysis results and the local topography, geology, and forestation. To establish an in situ investigation, analysis, and evaluation plan for potential mountain disasters, we selected mountain basins that are potentially vulnerable to mountain disasters through analysis of their mountain slopes and streams. This work suggests the establishment of a comprehensive plan for disaster prevention based on a mountain basin feature.