• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

To achieve the forest fire management goals such as early detection and quick suppression, fire resources should be allocated at high probability area where forest fires occur. The objective of this study was to develop and validate models to estimate spatially distributed probabilities of occurrence of forest fire. The models were builded by exploring relationships between fire ignition location and forest, terrain and anthropogenic factors using logistic regression. Distance to forest, cemetery, fire history, forest type, elevation, slope were chosen as the significant factors to the model. The model constructed had a good fit and classification accuracy of the model was 63%. This model and map can support the allocation optimization of forest fire resources and increase effectiveness in fire prevention and planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.643-648
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• 2006

It is important to understand the patterns of forest fire in terms of effective prevention and suppression activities. In this study, the monthly forest fire occurrences and their burned areas were investigated to enhance the understanding of the patterns of forest fire in Korea. The statistics of forest fires in Korea, 1970 through 2005, built by Korea Forest Service was analyzed by using time series analysis technique to fit ARIMA models proposed by Box-Jenkins. The monthly differences in forest fire characteristics were clearly distinguished, with 59% of total forest fire occurrences and 72% of total burned area being in March and April. ARIMA(1, 0, 1) was the best fitted model to both the fire accurrences and the burned area time series. The fire time series have a strong relation to the fire occurrences and the burned area of 1 month and 12 months before.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2011

In this study, we develop a fire stochastic simulation model by season based on the historical fire data in Korea. The model is utilized to generate sequences of fire events that are consistent with Korean fire history. We employ a three-stage approach. First, a random draw from a Bernoulli distribution is used to determine if any fire occurs for each day of a simulated fire season. Second, if a fire does occur, a random draw from a geometric multiplicity distribution determines their number. Last, ignition times for each fire are randomly drawn from a Poisson distribution. This specific distributional forms are chosen after analysis of Korean historical fire data. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is used to estimate the primary parameters of the stochastic models. Fire sequences generated with the model appear to follow historical patterns with respect to diurnal distribution and total number of fires per year. We expect that the results of this study will assist a fire manager for planning fire suppression policies and suppression resource allocations.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Most of the Korea temples of cultural property are wooden buildings and easy combusted. They are often located in mountain area far away from the city. It is very difficult to approach the fight area. The putting out is very difficult in the initial fire time. And for protecting the cultural property in the long-term continuous fire source there are some restrictions in water source and suppression system. In this paper the initial putting out fire due to the forest fire and the protection of cultural property in the long-term continuous fire source were researched. The improved project about fire control facilities of the Korea cultural property was proposed. In the proposed project the facilities using Water mist which can reduce more loss than existing facilities using water are applied. In view of the topographic position the method of eliminating the energy of combustibles and wall for cutting off the heat in the fire control facilities are also mentioned.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

동시다발적인 산불발생시 한정된 진화자원을 효과적으로 운영하여 산불피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 산불상황에 맞는 진화자원 투입과 배치가 이루어져야 한다. 이를 위해서는 진화자원 투입 및 운영 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 각 진화자원별 진화능력단위에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 하지만 아직 국내 외적으로 산불진화자원에 대한 진화능력단위 산정에 관한 연구가 이루어져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 진화자원을 중심으로 진화능력단위 기준 설정과 함께 각 진화자원별 진화능력단위를 산정하였다. 우리나라 진화자원은 크게 지상진화자원과 공중진화자원으로 구분됨으로 지상진화에 투입되는 주요 진화자원인 등짐펌프 및 불갈퀴 등 손도구를 이용하는 진화인력과 산불진화차량, 이동식 동력살수장치와 산불진화헬기로 구성되는 공중진화자원에 대해 진화효과를 분석, 능력단위를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2023

As forest fires continue to increase in scale worldwide, the importance of forest roads in relation to forest fire prevention and suppression has become increasingly evident. To ensure effective functioning during a forest fire disaster, it is crucial to apply appropriate road planning and ensure roads' structural integrity. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on the impact of forest fires on firebreak efficacy and road placement, meaning that insufficient attention has been paid to ensuring the safety of these facilities. Therefore, this study sought to compare the strength of concrete facilities within areas damaged by forest fires over the past three years by using the rebound hammer test to identify signs of thermal degradation. The results revealed that concrete facilities damaged by forest fires exhibited significantly lower strength (15.6 MPa) when compared with undamaged facilities (18.0 MPa) (p<0.001), and this trend was consistent across all the target facilities. Consequently, it is recommended that safety assessment criteria for concrete forest road facilities be established to prevent secondary disasters following forest fire damage. Moreover, continuous monitoring and research involving indoor experiments are imperative in terms of enhancing the stability of forest road structures. It is expected that such research will lead to the development of more effective strategies for forest fire prevention and suppression.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

Permanent water supply and water sprinkling systems are essential to protect major forests and facilities from forest fire. Back in 2005, Naksan Temple, a valuable cultural asset of Korea, was burned down in a forest fire that took place in Yangyang. This started a series of movements including installing water supply facilities and managing forests near important cultural assets. As for the existing facilities, however, they were installed without any standard guidelines for management and installation according to each constructor's specifications, which were based on the National Fire Safety Code 109. Unfortunately, this is not effective in protecting facilities from forest fires such as they have a small protection area, limited simultaneous sprinkling, and a difficult the movement of fire hose. Against this background, the study examines the condition of water supply facilities currently in use, identifies their deficiencies, and suggests how to improve the criteria for water supply service to effectively prevent forest fire. Specifically, three systems were proposed: Water Sprinkler Tower System for preventing spread of crown fires, and Forest Fire Hydrant System and Portable Water Spray System to be effective for suppressing surface fires. In addition, the standards on the performance and components of water pumps are also suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.52-67
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• 2011

The research investigates the identification of necessary geographic information needed by forest fire suppression helicopter pilots, and the ways to acquire the required information from public institutions. Firefighting helicopter pilots demand 7 physical geographic and 13 human geographic data. Applying the geographical information acquired from Korean public institutions, the following 15 characteristics (3 physical geographic, 12 human geographic) can be found: altitude and highlands, river, high population and urban areas, roads, national park and state boundaries, fuel re-supply facilities, freshwater areas, cultural assets, (LPG)gas charging stations, gas stations, ammunition storage areas, ground power cables, and steel towers. Within the database of physical geography, there is a need for improvement on bird habitat details. Also, the availability of visibility, wind directions, and wind velocity data is limited and therefore requires refining. The location of refueling areas can be obtained by applying information received from institutions to the GIS spatial analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2011

산불 발생 시 진화를 위해 사용되는 주력 지상 진화장비 중 동력펌프 2종과 진화 차량을 대상으로 수원지로부터 발화 지점까지 진화거리에 따른 주요 성능을 측정하였다. 성능 측정은 분당 토출량, 토출 최대압력, 수평 분사거리, 수직 분사거리의 4개 항목이었으며, 노즐의 종류에 따른 영향을 동시에 고려하였다. 산불 진화 시 적정 거리를 측정한 결과 소형펌프의 경우 600m, 중형펌프의 경우 800~1000m 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 분당 토출량은 3가지 펌프 모두 50m에서 1000m로 연결할 경우 52~62% 감소가 일어나며, 최대 토출압력은 26~30% 상승되어 부하 발생시 고압호스의 파손 우려도 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 실험을 통해 소형펌프의 경우는 주 산불진화에 적합하지 않으며, 중형펌프의 경우 고압호스의 성능에 따라서 1000m이상의 거리에서도 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.430-433
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• 2011

산불 진화에 사용되는 지상 주력 장비를 대상으로 수원으로부터 호스 거리 및 고도에 따른 성능을 정량화하기 위한 현장 적용 실험을 실시하였다. 대조군으로는 담수지 형태의 수원을 사용하고 수원으로부터 고도차가 40m 수준인 예비실험을 대상으로 성능값을 비교하였다. 본 현장 적용 실험에서는 산림 내 계곡지를 수원으로 하였으며, 고도차가 150m 로 예비실험의 3.75배인 지형을 선택하였다. 고도에 따른 영향이 크지 않은 예비 실험과 비교하였을 때 고도가 높아질수록 동일 거리에서 측정한 성능값은 평균 50% 이상의 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 수평 및 수직 거리는 20% 이내 수준의 감소를 나타내어 진화에 큰 장애 요소로는 작용하지 않았으며, 펌프압력은 소형펌프의 압력 상승이 가장 큰 상승률을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 수원의 형태에 따라 용수 공급차에 기인한 것으로 안정적 용수공급 저하, 펌핑압 부하 증가, 이물질 삽입 등이 원인인 것으로 사료되며, 고도에 따른 영향 인자도 반영된 것으로 해석된다. 또한 실험을 통해 진화장비별 실제 진화대원의 적정 사용거리와 거리별 적정 소요인원을 산출할 수 있었다.