• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2020

경상북도 울진군 서면 왕피천 유역 생태·경관 보전지역 내 천축산 자락의 고해발지역에 위치한 4개의 소규모 산지습지 식물군락의 다양성과 그 분포 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 서식처 유형과 종조성의 균질성을 고려한 Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 식생조사 방법에 따라 총 26개의 식생자료가 수집되었다. 우점 상관에 따른 식생 구분과 종조성을 고려한 식생 유형분류를 통해 9개 단위식생으로 구성된 4개 상관형의 식생 분포가 확인되었다. 진퍼리새-꽃창포군락은 연구지역을 대표하면서 우점하는 식물군락이다. 인간의 이용 이후 방치된 균질한 입지에 자연천이로 식생이 발달하고 있으나 면적이 좁아 기타 식물군락의 분포는 드물게 관찰되었다. 습지별 미세지형과 수문환경은 식생의 다양성과 분포에 영향을 미치는 핵심요소로 확인되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2008

This research is to apply suitable natural ecosystem evaluation criteria in order to develop the ecosystem conservation, restoration and ways to build substitute habitats as a compensation plan for damaged soundly natural ecosystems in small-scale projects such as resource recovery facility, filtration, etc. The environmental ecology evaluation i.e. generally based on their actual vegetation, community structure, wildlife, water system survey were measured the primary plans for reflecting unique natural environment level of site. As a result, it is necessary to conserve the land in fallow type of wetland, good conservative condition of deciduous forest, wetlanded watercourse for amphibia and reptiles crossing. However, the plan of filtration plant was destroyed wetland(sound ecosystem), natural forest, asian toad spawning area. According to the result of it schemed to build alternative wetland and spawning area, plan to healthy ecosystem and surface soil transplantation as compensation plan. The alternative wetland and spawning area are not only created a various water levels like depth of water is $0{\sim}30cm,\;30{\sim}60cm$, more than 1.5m but also it leads to asian toad spawning and wildlife inhabitant. Moreover, the ecosystem and surface soil transplantation be applied to use the Quercus acutissima forest resources(114 upper trees, 71 canopy trees, 401 shrubs) and surface soil$(5,072m^3)$ in ecology creation sets.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This study is to provide basic data on ecology and morpho-pedo milieu by analyzing diatom and grain size of Mt. Jeombong forest wetland. Sample was collected from 6 points and named sample 943, 932, 885, 881A, 881b, 849. Sample 934 could not identify diatom, and the soil layer was colluvium deposited by mass-movement process. Layer of sample 932 was developed in the lower velocity environment, and presence frequence of complete diatom was very low. Hydrological situation of sample 855 was analysed in oligosaprobien environments. Sample 881A was meso-saprobic environments, velocity was slow area that inhabit musci bryopsida and sphaerocarpus. Sample 881B was acidic wetland in oligosaprobien environments. Sample 849 was analysed in oligosaprobien environments. The results of soil and diatom analysis are well reflect on wet environments of mountain wetlands and also it will expected to be in the help of environmental changes study of mountain wetlands.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

본 연구는 전라남도 고흥군 소재 우량 산림습원 2개소를 대상으로 군락구조를 파악하고 그에따른 천이경향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 2023년 5월부터 10월까지 Z-M학파의 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 식생조사를 실시하였고 이 자료를 토대로 군락을 분류하여 현존식생도를 작성하였다. 그 결과, 골풀아재비군락, 꽝꽝나무-진퍼리새군락, 오리나무진퍼리새군락, 진퍼리새군락, 오리나무-소나무군락, 오리나무군락의 총 6개 군락으로 분류되었다. 각 층위별 중요치를 분석한 결과, 골풀아재비군락에서는 절대습지식물인 골풀아재비의 중요치가 높게 나타났으며 나머지 5개 군락의 아교목층과 관목층에서는 습지의 극상종인 오리나무, 절대육상식물인 소나무와 꽝꽝나무가, 초본층에서는 중간습원의 대표종인 진퍼리새의 중요치가 높게 나타났다. 조사지 내 출현한 모든 관속식물을 습지선호도에 따라 분류한 결과, 골풀아재비군락에서는 절대습지식물의 출현율이 높게 나타났으나 나머지 5개 군락에서는 절대육상식물의 출현율이 높게 나타났다. 골풀아재비군락을 제외한 나머지 5개 군락에서는 우량 산림습원을 구성하는 식물 중 육상식물의 출현비율이 높고, 습지가 건조화되는 단계에서 나타나는 진퍼리새가 번성하고 있어 습지의 천이 및 육화가 진행되고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

본 연구는 습지보호지역인 장도습지에 대한 식생의 다양성과 공간적 분포 특성 파악을 통해 습지의 보전 및 복원 방안 마련의 기초자료 제공을 위해 이루어졌다. 종조성을 기반으로 하는 Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 연구 방법에 의한 식생 조사 및 버드나무의 매목 조사, 좌표결정법에 의한 식물군락과 환경요소들 간의 관계 규명이 이루어졌다. 총 88종으로 이루어진 7개의 식물군락이 분류되었으며 습생식생과 건생식생으로 대분류되었다. 식물군락의 공간적 분포는 일차적으로 토양 수분조건에 의해 결정되고, 이차적으로 유기물 양에 의해 결정되는 것으로 드러났다. 습지식생 면적은 $7,337m^2$로서 습지보호지역의 약 8%이며, 습지보호지역 이외의 공간에도 분포하고 있어 보호지역 경계 재조정 필요성이 제기되었다. 버드나무의 분포 확산은 1990년대 이후 휴경과 가축 방목이 통제 되면서 습지 가장자리부터 중앙부로 확장된 것으로 드러났다. 이상의 연구 결과들을 토대로 보호지역 보전 및 복원 방안이 제시되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2018

Background: We sought to understand the relationship between the seed bank and vegetation in abandoned rice paddies in South Korea, in order to guide management of these sites. We investigated the floristic composition and species richness of the soil seed bank and ground vegetation in former paddies along three seral gradients (wet meadow, young forest, and mature forest) in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve. Results: Seed bank samples contained 59 species, of which the dominant families were Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Polygonaceae. Species richness and seedling density (59 taxa and 19,121 germinants from all samples) were high. Carex spp. (11, 921 germinants) were the dominant taxa. The species composition in the seed bank changed gradually as the land transitioned from wet meadow to mature forest. Sørensen's index of similarity between above- and below-ground vegetation was 29.3% for wet meadow, 10.8% for young forest, and 2.1% for mature forest. Germinant density also declined, with 10, 256 germinants for wet meadow, 6445 germinants for young forest, and 2420 germinants for mature forest. Conclusions: Changes in aboveground environment and life history traits such as amphicarpic plants, likely affect the composition of soil seed bank species. Abandoned paddy fields may be good sites for restoration of wetland forest and conservation of wetland habitat. Some intervention may be required to promote the recovery of a natural species assemblage.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the ecological characteristics and biological interactions between species of the abandoned rice paddy field in mountainous areas and to suggest a management strategy for stable food chain formation and biodiversity enhancement. The study site is located in Uldae wetland of Songchu district Bukhansan National Park, site characteristics and biological habitat characteristics were identified through site survey and literature survey. With regard to physical environment, among geographical features, the Uldae Wetland and the neighborhood inside the basin was a gently sloping area($5{\sim}15^{\circ}$). And 64.0% of basin faced the north. With regard to water environment, the Uldae Wetland was wetland of rainfed paddy field depending on precipitation and the system of stream flowing into the wetland from valley. According to the results of examining flora in plant ecology, in general, they were herbaceous wetland species. 88.6% of existing plants inside the Uldae Wetland basin was a forest in the mountain. And Quercus spp. community and Pinus densiflora community accounted for 64.6% of that, and was dominant. Except for that, Salix koreensis community was distributed. The existing vegetation of Uldae Wetland inhabited wetland species and terrestrialization indicator species, and it was thought that partial terrestrialization inside the Uldae Wetland was in progress after the discontinuation of paddy cultivation, such as the expansion of Salix koreensis distribution area. In the status of appearing faunae in the Uldae Wetland with regard to wildbirds of appearing principal species, The Uldae wetland was based on a abandoned rice paddy field various wildlife, and was a wildlife feeding, spawning, and resting place. The water environment was an important factor in maintaining the wetland living creatures function, habitat of waterbirds and benthic macroinvertebrates, amphibians and odonate are spawning ground and habitat, it was affecting the vegetation ecosystem based on wetlands. In order to maintain the diversity of wildlife, it was important to maintain smooth water supply and water level. A stable food chain will be formed and the Uldae wetland biodiversity will be abundant by establishing the relationship between the species of Uldae wetland, which is abandoned rice paddy field, and the habitat environment favored by species belonging to the ecosystem stepwise linkage. The ecological characteristics of the Uldae wetlands and the relation between the species were analyzed and the environmental conditions were reflected in the planning and management plan of Uldae wetland ecology.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Gaining an understanding of bird communities in different habitat types is essential for the conservation of ecologically important habitats. Wetlands possess different types of habitats and provide an important environment for wintering waterbird communities. This study compares avian communities in five different habitat types in the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS), Myanmar. From December 2014 to the first week of February in 2015, bird and habitat data were collected from representative areas of five habitat types (i.e., short grassland, tall grassland, lotus fields, open water areas, and rice fields) at MWWS. We established nine sampling plots in each habitat type, and used the point quadrat method to survey habitats and the point count method to survey birds in the habitats. Simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between bird communities. We made 95 detections during 19 daily visits to each of the five habitat types. During the survey period, we recorded a total of 10,389 individuals belonging to 52 different bird species, based on 7-min observations at each of the 45 point count stations. Furthermore, we detected significant differences by habitat structure (i.e., vegetation coverage, height, and density; water depth; and plant species diversity) as well as bird communities (i.e., species richness, abundance, and diversity indices). In addition, the detailed analysis of 52 avian species revealed significant differences among 45 species with respect to the mean numbers of observed individuals in the survey habitats. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of waterbird communities among the five assessed habitat types. Because natural marshes provide preferable habitats for a larger number and greater diversity of birds, relative to rice fields, natural marshes should be prioritized for conservation and restoration in Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2023

Wetlands are very critical for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems, while also serving as the breeding/ nesting/ resting grounds for water birds. Generally, wetlands support both resident and migratory birds, thus serving as connecting dots in the global flyways. The Rajasthan state of India has two Ramsar sites (Keoladeo National Park and Sambhar Lake) and many other water bodies/wetlands. However, most of these areas are segregated in the eastern, southeastern, southern, and northern parts. In the western part of Rajasthan, where lies the Great Indian or Thar desert, there are no such reported prominent wetlands drawing attention towards a substantial number of resident and migratory water birds. The author is an Indian Forest Service officer, who was posted in the Thar Desert region and during that time had identified a hidden wetland in the desert landscape. This study deliberates on the wetland location and its faunal diversity with prospects of developing the area as a proper wetland conservation zone. India is a signatory to the Central Asian Flyway of migratory species and serves as an important member in terms of having significant wetlands and reported migratory birds count. The need of preserving and bring the arid zone's hidden wetlands to the forefront can serve as an important tool to conserve water birds and comply with worldwide bird migration conservation efforts.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.