• 농촌계획
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential soil loss and hazard zone by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) for preservation and management of land resources which is the base of ecosystem, and to grasp the relationship between RUSLE factors in the Nakdong River Basin. All thematic maps used in RUSLE are constructed through GIS and spatial analysis method derived from digital topographic maps, detailed soil maps, land-cover maps, and mean annual precipitation of 30 years collected respectively from National Geographic Information Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, and Ministry of Environment. The slope length of LS-factor that takes much times by the study area's wideness was calculated automatically through AML(Arc Macro Language) program developed by Van Remortel et al.(2001, 2003). The results are as follows; First, according to the soil loss estimation by the RUSLE, it shows that approximately 82% of the study area have relatively lower possibility of soil loss which is the 1 ton/ha in annual soil loss. While, 9.4% ($2,228km^2$) needed intensive and continuous management for soil loss. Because the amount of their annual soil loss was greater than 10 ton/ha that is optimum level suggested by Morgan(1995). For these areas, the author believe that a new approach which can minimize environmental impacts from soil loss through improvement of cultivation process and buffer forest zone should be applied. Second, according to the relationship between the RUSLE factors, topographical(LS-factor) and cover management(C-factor) conditions have a lot of influence on soil loss in case of the Nakdong River Basin. However, because of RUSLE factor's influence that affect to soil loss might be different based on the variety of spatial hierarchy and extent, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate factor's relationship in terms of spatial hierarchy and extent through field observations and further studies.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2011

The time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) product has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the phenological information because it can monitor the change of the forests with very high time-resolution, This study described the application of the DFT analysis over the 9 year MODIS data for the identification of the two types of vegetation cover, Pinus densiflora(Pd) and Querqus mongolica(Qm) which are dominant species of evergreen and broadleaved deciduous forest, respectively, The total number of samples was 5148 reference cycles which consist of 2160 Pd and 2988 Qm. They were extracted from the pixel-based MODIS scenes over the 9 years from 2000 to 2008 of South Korea. The DFT analysis was mainly focused on the 0th and $1^{st}$ harmonic components, each of which represents the mean value and the variation amplitude of the NDVI over the years, respectively. The $0^{th}$ harmonic values of the vegetation Pd and Qm averaged over the 9 years were 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. This implies that Pd has a higher NDVI than Qm. Similarly obtained $1^{st}$ harmonic values of Pd and Qm were 0.19 and 0.27, respectively. This can be intuitively understood considering that the seasonal variation of Qm is much larger than Pd. This distinctive difference of the $1^{st}$ harmonic value has been used to identify evergreen and deciduous forests. Overall agreement between the Fourier analysis-based map and the actal vegetation map has been estimated to be as high as 75%. This study found that the DFT analysis can be a concise and repeatable method to separate and trace the changes of evergreen and deciduous forest using the annual NDVI cycles.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.107-107
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• 2004

In this paper we have introduced some results of study on stand growth pattern and stand structure of larch forest which are located in selected forest sites of Khangai and Gobi-Altai mountain ranges of Mongolia. Our investigations showed that growth intensity and stand structure in western Mongolia are very specific from the other forest vegetation zones of Mongolia. Studies on the stand structure and growth trend indicate that tree types of stand structure and different types of growth of Larix sibrica are very common in Western Mongolia. These peculiarities of stand structure and growth of larch stands in Western Monolia could be used for inventory work and an improvement of the forest management in Western Mongolian region. The larch tree is the dominant tree species in Western Mogolia. Forest cover of the region is about 15%, which is two times higher than the country's average. In this region forest area is divided into 4 forest sub-regions: the Central Khangai, Western Khangai, North Eastern Khangai and South Easterun Khangai sub-regions including taiga, pseudo taiga, sub taiga, sub-alpine and forest steppe belts. Silviculture practices and forest research management request to study forest growth trends in local and general conditions, which means to indicate a change of taxonomic characteristics of stand from time to time including diameter, height, basal area, growth stock etc. The forest management practice mostly uses tables of forest growth and yield based on the results of long term research on forest growth. Forest yield tables and other relevant forest standards of Russia are used for the forest inventory and forest management. They are not able to determine forest structure and growth peculiatities of Mongolian forests. Studies on forest resource assessment in Mongolia indicate that after logging operations and forest fires the natural regeneration of desired species such as pine and larch often does not succeed. This situation forces to take a different approach of forest management and silviculture practice depending on the stand structure and growth rate of the forest stands. According to our investigation in last years, forest growth pattern of larch forest depends mostly on stand structure, stand age and growth condition including forest soil, climate and location in different slopes. Due to improve environmental function of forest ecosystem in the region, it is needed to conduct very comprehensive study of high mountain forest ecosystem in selected sub-regions.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.76-91
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• 2016

본 연구는 최근 폭염 문제로 주목을 받고 있는 밀양시를 대상으로 토지피복과 지형과 같은 공간 특성이 폭염일수에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 폭염일수는 RCP 기반의 남한상세 기후자료(2000~2010년)를 활용하여 산출하였고, 토지피복유형은 2000년 토지피복도와 2005년, 2010년 환경부 중분류 토지피복도를 이용하여 시가화지역, 농업지역, 산림지역, 수역, 초지 및 나지로 유형을 재분류하였다. 지형특성은 공간해상도 30m급의 수치표고모델을 이용하여 계산된 지형위치지수로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 폭염일수는 2000년 평균 31.4일로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 2008년 26.9일, 2001년 24.2일, 2010년 24.0일 순으로 나타났다. 폭염일수는 농경지와 계곡부 일대, 도시 외곽지역에서 많아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 밀양시의 지형적 특성은 평지(19.7%) 보다는 경사지(51.6%)의 산악지역이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 서쪽 일부지역은 대규모 계곡지역(12.2%)이 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 공간특성과 폭염의 상관성 분석 결과, 산림지역에서 폭염일수와 음의 상관성(-0.109)으로 나타나 폭염을 완화하는 요인으로 도출되었다. 지형적인 측면에서는 평지와 폭염이 양의 상관성(0.305)으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 도시계획가와 환경관리자에게 토지개발과 지형변화가 폭염에 미치는 영향을 이해하는데 중요한 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2001

기후변화 예측 및 영향평가, 수치대기모형의 개선, 농업 및 산림생태계 관리 등 지역 및 지구규모에서 최신의 지표피복정보를 요구하고 있으나 NOAA-AVHRR을 이용하는 기존의 분류체계에서는 우리나라의 주요 식생인 벼논이 독립적으로 분류되지 못했다. Landsat-TM 등 상업적 위성자료를 이용할 경우 벼논의 정밀한 분류가 가능하나 갱신에 많은 노력과 시간이 필요하여 실용적이지 못하다. 본 실험에서는 쉽게 구할 수 있는 NOAA-AVHRR자료를 사용하되, 벼 군락의 시기별 분광특성차를 벼논피복의 검출에 이용하여 간단하면서도 신뢰성 있는 결과를 얻었다. 5월과 8월의 식생지수값의 지리적 분포특성에 근거하여 각각 유사한 특성을 가진 4개 그룹(도시, 삼림, 수역, 농경지)으로 나누고, 8월에 삼림으로 분류된 화소들 가운데 5월에는 수역으로 분류되는 화소들만 발췌하여 벼논으로 간주하는 방법이다. 이 방법에 의해 벼논으로 분류된 화소들을 1,455개 읍면 단위로 취합하여 재배 면적 및 그 분포를 농림부 통계자료와 비교한 결과 이 방법이 USGS의 분류방법 보다 정확하며 신뢰성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.404-414
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• 1998

대기오염이 심한 것으로 판단되는 울산지역의 석유화학공단과 온산공단을 중심으로 수목착생지의류를 이용한 대기환경의 오염정도를 평가하기 위하여 공단 주변의 산림에서 지의류의 출현종수와 피도, 생육한계분포농도에 따른 분포특성과 대기청정도지수(IAP)를 조사한 결과, 조사지점에서 출현한 지의류는 총 16종류였으며, 그중 Lepraria sp.(30.85%)과 Lecanora strobilina(26.18%), Parmelia austrosinensis(13.42%) 등이 우점하고 있었다. 석유화학공단과 온산공단 주변 조사지점에서는 지의사막대(地衣砂漠帶)의 형성과 더불어 공단으로부터 멀어질수록 출현종수가 증가했다. 조사지점별 평균피도는 I-V계급으로 오염물질이 공단이 위치하는 해안가로부터 내륙으로 유입됨을 추측할 수 있으며, 공단으로부터 멀어질수록 평균피도계급도 증가하였다. $SO_2$ 농도에 대한 지의류의 종별 생육한계분포농도에 따른 분포특성을 Cladonia sp.과 Dirinaria applanata, Parmelia austrosinensis, Lepraia sp., Lecanora strobilina를 대상으로 살펴 본 결과, 오염에 대한 민감정도에 따라 분포형태가 다르게 나타났다. 특히, 대기오염에 내성 종인 Lepraria sp.과 Lecanora strobilina는 I부터 V의 피도계급으로 가장 폭넓게 분포하였으며, 분포형태가 비슷한 Lecanora strobilina도 대기오염에 강한 종임을 추측할 수 있었다. 대기청정도지수(IAP)는 0-64.3으로 6계급으로 구분하여 조사한 결과, 조사지점별 IAP 등치선도는 피도 등치선도와 비슷한 형태로 공단으로부터 멀어질수록 IAP가 높아졌다. IAP와 지의류 출현종의 분포는 IAP가 5-10으로 낮은 부분에서는 대기에 저항성 종으로 알려진 Lepraria sp.과 Lecanora strobilina가 출현하고 있었으며, IAP 5-10 사이부터는 Parmelia austrosinensis와 Dirinaria applanata가 IAP 10이상부터 오염에 비교적 약한 종으로 말려진 Cladonia sp.를 비롯하여 Candelaria concolar와 Parmelia borreri 등이 출현하였고, 조사지점의 IAP와 지의류의 출현종수는 정의 상관관계 (r=0.9308)를 나타내었다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2021

Burn severity analysis using satellite imagery has high capabilities for research and management in inaccessible areas. We extracted the forest fire area of the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in the western Imjin Estuary which is restricted to access due to the confrontation between South and North Korea. Then we analyzed the forest fire severity and recoverability using atmospheric corrected Surface Reflectance Level-2 data collected from Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imagery) / TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor). Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), differenced NBR (dNBR), and Relative dNBR (RdNBR) were analyzed based on changes in the spectral pattern of satellite images to estimate burn severity area and intensity. Also, we evaluated the recoverability after a forest fire using a land cover map which is constructed from the NBR, dNBR, and RdNBR analyzed results. The results of dNBR and RdNBR analysis for the six years (during May 30, 2014 - May 30, 2020) showed that the intensity of monthly burn severity was affected by seasonal changes after the outbreak and the intensity of annual burn severity gradually decreased after the fire events. The regrowth of vegetation was detected in most of the affected areas for three years (until May 2020) after the forest fire reoccurred in May 2017. The monthly recoverability (from April 2014 to December 2015) of forests and grass fields was increased and decreased per month depending on the vegetation growth rate of each season. In the case of annual recoverability, the growth of forest and grass field was reset caused by the recurrence of a forest fire in 2017, then gradually recovered with grass fields from 2017 to 2020. We confirmed that remote sensing was effectively applied to research of the burn severity and recoverability in the DMZ. This study would also provide implications for the management and construction statistics database of the forest fire in the DMZ.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2003

This study was performed to prove if the high resolution satellite imagery of IKONOS is suitable for preparing digital vegetation map which is becoming increasingly important in ecological science. Seven classes for forest area and five classes for non-forest area were taken for classification. Three methods, such as the pixel based classification, the segment based classification with majority principle, and the segment based classification with maximum likelihood, were applied to classify IKONOS imagery taken in April 2000. As a whole, the segment based classification shows better performance in classifying the high resolution satellite imagery of IKONOS. Through the comparison of accuracies and kappa values of the above 3 classification methods, the segment based classification with maximum likelihood was proved to be the best suitable for preparing the vegetation map with the help of IKONOS imagery. This is true not only from the viewpoint of accuracy, but also for the purpose of preparing a polygon based vegetation map. On the basis of the segment based classification with the maximum likelihood, a digital vegetation map in which each vegetation class is delimitated in the form of a polygon could be prepared.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

With continuous decline of Philippine forest cover, sustainable forest management and restoration are essential to restore destroyed forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, of ten most planted trees in reforestation projects in the Philippines, eight are exotic species, with large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) being the most dominant. In this study, effect of Swietenia macrophylla in reforestation projects on native tree species was evaluated. Effects of S. macrophylla leaf litter, frequency, and canopy closure on the growth of the Philippine native species Pterocarpus indicus were investigated. Results showed that S. macrophylla leaf litter significantly inhibited the growth of P. indicus seedlings based on root collar-to-shoot height. The standardized growth rate of seedlings in plots without S. macrophylla leaf litter was significantly higher than the growth rate of seedlings in plots with leaf litter. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the standardized growth rate of seedlings between plots without leaf litter and a control plot. On the contrary, S. macrophylla tree frequency and canopy closure showed no significant effect. These results attest to the negative effect of widely planted S. macrophylla to a valuable Philippine native tree P. indicus. With accumulating scientific evidence about negative effects of S. macrophylla on native trees, discontinued use in tree planting and reforestation efforts with active management of restoration sites previously planted with large leaf mahogany are needed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2006

본 연구는 강원도 고성지역의 산불피해자에 소나무묘목 식재 후 시비처리 [무시비구(대조구), CF처리(Combination Fertilizer; 복합비료), UF처리(Urea Formaldehyde Fertilizer; 산림용고형복합비료)]에 의한 식재목의 생장반응 및 토양특성과 하층식생의 변화를 조사하였다. 식재된 소나무묘목은 시비처리 후 4년간 수고와 근원정의 상대생장에 있어서 식재초기에 비해 무시비구, CF처리구, UF처리구가 각각 264%, 404%, 388%와 339%, 454%, 427% 증가하여 무시비구에 비해 시비처리구의 생장이 높았다(p<0.05). 4년간 시비처리에 의한 토양 이화학적 특성 변화는 시비성분에 포함된 원소 가운데 질소와 칼륨은 모든 시비구에서 거의 변화가 없어 시비처리에 영향을 받지 않았으나 유효인산은 무시비구보다 시비처리구에서 증가하였다. 또한 유기물은 소나무식재묘가 양호한 생장을 보인 CF처리구와 UF처리구가 증가하였으나, 무시비구에서는 감소하였으며, 나트륨은 모든 처리구에서 감소하였다. 토양 pH, 양이온치환용량, 칼슘, 마그네슘 함량은 4년의 조사기간 동안 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으며 처리구간 차이도 없었다. 3년간의 시비처리에 의한 하층식생의 구조는 종다양성과 종풍부도에서 큰 변화가 없었으나 하층식생의 피도와 유기물층의 피도는 현저히 증가하여 토양 안정화에 크게 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 산불피해지의 신숙한 산림생태계 회복을 위해서는 산지시비 같은 산림관리기술의 도입이 필수적인 것으로 사료된다.