• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2002

Chronic infection and inflammation have recently been implicated as important etiologic agents of atherosclerosis. Several agents have been suggested as possible candidates including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex vims type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated the relationship between cytornegalovirus infection and atherosclerosis by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We examined 23 subjects with atherosclerosis and 10 matched control subjects without atherosclerosis. CMV was detected by in situ hybridization in 60.9% (14/23) of aorta and 42.9% (9/21) of coronary arteries in subjects with atherosclerosis. It was also detected by PCR in 65.2% (15/23) of aorta and 52.4% (11/21) of coronary arteries. CMV was detected on areas showing early or advanced atheromatous changes. Cells morphologically identical to smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells were positively reacted with the CMV probe. However. none of the cells to which the probe hybridized contained inclusion bodies, thus strongly suggesting that the arterial wall may be a site of CMV latency. This result Indicates that CMV may potentially play a direct or indirect role in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.292-304
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• 2018

Microbes is becoming increasingly forensic possibility as a consequence of advances in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and bioinformatics. Human DNA typing is the best identifier, but it is not always possible to extract a full DNA profile namely its degradation and low copy number, and it may have limitations for identical twins. To overcome these unsatisfactory limitations, forensic potential for bacteria found in evidence could be used to differentiate individuals. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that better protects the bacterial nucleoid compared to the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Humans have an extremely diverse microbiome that may prove useful in determining human identity and may even be possible to link the microbes to the person responsible for them. Microbial composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals. Therefore, MPS of human microbiome could be used to identify biological samples from the different individuals, specifically for twins and other cases where standard DNA typing doses not provide satisfactory results due to degradation of human DNA. Microbial forensics is a new discipline combining forensic science and microbiology, which can not to replace current STR analysis methods used for human identification but to be complementary. Among the fields of microbial forensics, this paper will briefly describe information on the current status of microbiome research such as metagenomic code, salivary microbiome, pubic hair microbiome, microbes as indicators of body fluids, soils microbes as forensic indicator, and review microbial forensics as the feasibility of microbiome-based human identification.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 자동차 ABS 모듈의 결함으로 인한 화재사고에 대하여 기술하였다. 최근 발생한 화재 사례 중 동일 제조사의 ABS 모듈을 적용하는 다수의 차량에서 유사한 결함으로 인해 화재가 발생하는 경향을 나타내었다. 앞서 언급한 ABS 모듈에서는 배터리를 통해 상시전원으로 공급되는 전원배선 사이에서 절연파괴가 발생되는 특징을 나타내는데 이러한 부분은 연소 확대 과정에서 외부 화염에 의해 형성되기 어려운 부분으로 ABS 모듈 자체의 결함으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과로 부터 특정 제조사에서 생산 판매되는 차량에 대한 화재원인 조사에 있어서는 반드시 ABS 모듈의 결함 여부에 대한 조사가 필수적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 디젤 승용차량에서 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 차량화재에 대하여 기술하였다. 디젤 차량에서는 배출가스에 포함되는 입자상 물질을 저감하기 위하여 매연저감장치를 배기계통에 설치하고 있다. 매연저감장치는 입자상 물질의 과다 포집, 재상과정에서의 오류 및 흡기계통 불량 등에 의해 재생과정에서 파손에 이르게 되며, 매연저감장치가 파손되는 경우, 고온의 배출가스가 분출되고, 차량 하부 배기계통의 주변 가연물을 통해 화재로 진전된다. 매연저감장치 손상에 의해 화재가 발생되는 경우, 배기계통 배관 및 머플러 부분에 규산염계 무기화합물이 부착되는 특징을 나타내며, 이 규산염계 무기화합물은 매연저감장치 내부 필터 재료인 세라믹 부분이 손상되는 과정에서 발생된다. 따라서 화재가 발생된 디젤 차량의 경우, 머플러 주변에서 규산염계 무기화합물이 식별되는 경우, 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 화재로 추정할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.337.1-337.14
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• 2018

Background: Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the co-existence of different mitochondrial polymorphisms within an individual, has various forensic and clinical implications. But there is still no guideline on the application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in heteroplasmy detection. We present here some critical issues that should be considered in heteroplasmy studies using MPS. Methods: Among five samples with known innate heteroplasmies, two pairs of mixture were generated for artificial heteroplasmies with target minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ranging from 50% to 1%. Each sample was amplified by two-amplicon method and sequenced by Ion Torrent system. The outcomes of two different analysis tools, Torrent Suite Variant Caller (TVC) and mtDNA-Server (mDS), were compared. Results: All the innate heteroplasmies were detected correctly by both analysis tools. Average MAFs of artificial heteroplasmies correlated well to the target values. The detection rates were almost 90% for high-level heteroplasmies, but decreased for low-level heteroplasmies. TVC generally showed lower detection rates than mDS, which seems to be due to their own computation algorithms which drop out some reference-dominant heteroplasmies. Meanwhile, mDS reported several unintended low-level heteroplasmies which were suggested as nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences. The average coverage depth of each sample placed on the same chip showed considerable variation. The increase of coverage depth had no effect on the detection rates. Conclusion: In addition to the general accuracy of the MPS application on detecting heteroplasmy, our study indicates that the understanding of the nature of mitochondrial DNA and analysis algorithm would be crucial for appropriate interpretation of MPS results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3068-3086
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• 2022

Digital Forensics is gaining popularity in adjudication of criminal cases as use of electronic gadgets in committing crime has risen. Traditional approach to collecting digital evidence falls short when the disk is encrypted. Encryption keys are often stored in RAM when computer is running. An approach to acquire forensic data from RAM when the computer is shut down is proposed. The approach requires that the investigator immediately cools the RAM and transplant it into a host computer provisioned with a tool developed based on cold boot concept to acquire the RAM image. Observation of data obtained from the acquired image compared to the data loaded into memory shows the RAM chips exhibit some level of remanence which allows their content to persist after shutdown which is contrary to accepted knowledge that RAM loses its content immediately there is power cut. Results from experimental setups conducted with three different RAM chips labeled System A, B and C showed at a reduced temperature of -25C, the content suffered decay of 2.125% in 240 seconds, 0.975% in 120 seconds and 1.225% in 300 seconds respectively. Whereas at operating temperature of 25℃, there was decay of 82.33% in 60 seconds, 80.31% in 60 seconds and 95.27% in 120 seconds respectively. The content of RAM suffered significant decay within two minutes without power supply at operating temperature while at a reduced temperature less than 5% decay was observed. The findings show data can be recovered for forensic evidence even if the culprit shuts down the computer.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.6
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• 2023

The increasing prevalence of toxic substance-exposure in pets in South Korea endangers the health and safety of numerous companion animals, and has become a cause for concern. Notably, the annual incidence of forensic analysis in pets has increased by more than 150% in South Korea, mainly in populous regions such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi. In response to this growing issue, veterinary forensic examinations were conducted on 549 dogs and cats from 2019 to 2022. This study revealed the presence of various toxic substances, including pesticides, insecticides, and drugs such as analgesics, anesthetics, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants, in pets. Among the 38 different toxins identified in pets, coumatetralyl, methomyl, terbufos, and buprofezin were the most frequently detected. In this study, toxic substances for pets were identified based on the "toxic agent list for humans," developed by the National Forensic Services, because no list of toxic agents for animals currently exists and data regarding potentially toxic substances for dogs and cats is limited. This is one of the limitations of this study, and necessitates the establishment of a toxic agent list for animals. Continued monitoring and research is also recommended to reveal the incidence, causes, and solutions of toxicity in animals.

• 대한수사과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

사망진단서의 상당수가 부적절하게 기록되고 있다. 이의 원인으로는 사망진단서 작성에 관한 교육의 부족과 사망진단서 작성자의 무관심 등에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 사망진단서 오류는 우리나라의 사망 환자 통계의 신빙성을 떨어뜨리고, 보건 정책 등에 올바르게 반영되지 못하는 결과를 가져오게 된다. 2005년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 1년간 대구 소재 A병원에서 발급된 사망진단서 298건을 연구 대상으로 사망진단서의 오류를 조사하였다. 주오류중 사망기전만 기입한 경우 26건(8.7%), 경쟁 원인 기입은 28건(9.4%), 부적절한 진단은 34건(11.4%)이었다. 1개 이상의 주오류를 가진 경우는 88건(29.5%)이었다. 부오류는 시간 간격을 기입하지 않은 경우가 296건(99.3%), 직접사인과 선행사인은 기록하고 중간선행사인을 제외하였거나 직접, 중간선행, 선행사인에 같은 진단을 기입한 경우는 58건(19.5%), 한 칸에 2개 이상의 진단을 기입한 이중진단인 경우가 56건(18.8%) 등이었다. 오류가 없는 사망진단서는 88건으로, 전체 진단서 298건 중 29.5%밖에 되지 않았다. 사망진단서 작성의 정확성을 기하기 위하여 올바른 교육 프로그램 마련 및 교육의 강화가 절실히 요구된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2017

감열지에 부착된 잠재지문을 현출하는 시약으로 알려진 1,2-indandione/zinc (1,2-IND/Zn) 용액과 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 용액의 보존기한을 연구하였다. 감열지의 감열면과 비감열면에 출력세기가 동일한 인공잠재지문을 인쇄하여 이를 표준지문으로 사용하였다. 미리 혼합한 1,2-IND/Zn과 PVP 용액으로 표준지문을 처리한 결과, 혼합시약 제조 후 3 일까지는 감열지에 부착된 지문을 성공적으로 현출할 수 있었으나 3 일이 경과하면 감열지 표면에서 흑화현상이 나타나 시약의 성능이 저하되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 미리 혼합하지 않고 별도로 보관한 1,2-IND/Zn 및 PVP 용액을 사용직전에 혼합하여 표준지문에 부착된 잠재지문을 현출한 결과, 시약 제조 후 20 일이 경과하면 시약의 성능이 저하되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 1,2-indandione/zinc 용액과 polyvinylpyrrolidone 혼합용액의 보존기한은 polyvinylpyrrolidone 용액에 의해 결정된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 산소와 수분 중 어느 것이 PVP의 성능저하에 영향을 미치는지 조사한 결과, 산소의 영향은 받지 않으나 수분의 영향을 받아서 시약의 성능이 저하된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.807-819
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the availability of forensic accounting application factors sought by auditors' representatives of Jordanian Certified Public Accounting and auditors working in the Audit Bureau. The study identifies as well the role of these application factors in enhancing the efficiency of auditors due to the increased responsibility on them in the face of various fraud cases on the one hand, and their appearance in the courts as financial experts supporting the judiciary to adjudicate financial cases on the other hand. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive analytical method because of its suitability for the nature of the research. The population of the study consisted of 433 Jordanian certified public accountants and 520 auditors working in the Audit Bureau, from which a sample of 426 was constructed. A questionnaire was developed to collect data and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences was utilized to analyze data and test hypotheses. The study found that there is a statistical difference between the responses of the two samples of the study, and it concluded a set of recommendations, which are hoped to help legislators in strengthening and developing the forensic accounting profession in Jordan.