• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of culturing conditions DCI(Day required for Colonization after Inoculation), CR(Contamination Rate), MD(Mycelial Density), DPI(Day required for Primordial sclerotia formation after Inoculation), yields, and degree of the foreign materials formations in Poria cocos sclerotia. The upper and bottom side of wood logs were covered with gauze, rice hull and floating leaves, vinyl, or covering cloth in order to prevent foreign material formations in p. cocos. The major results were positive in the order of rice hull, floating leaf, vinyl, gauze, and covering cloth covered and dwindled. In case of the upper and bottom sides of the wood logs covered with rice hull, DCI required 50 days more when compared with the control group(45 days) and CR was 0%, while the control group showed 2% CR. MD was excellent in case of conventional methods as against control's. DPI required 17~20 days less when compared with the control group(82 days). Yields of p. cocos in case of the upper and bottom side of wood logs covered with rice hull were 5.87kg, which is 35.7% higher than that of the control group(4.33kg), and 5.62kg in the case of upper sides cover only(increased by 29.8% compared with control), and 5.59kg in the case of bottom side cover only(increased by 29.1% compared with control), and foreign materials were none. In a separate experiment, where the upper and bottom sides of wood logs were covered with rice hull to prevent the foreign material formation, the results were as follows : Sclerotia formation status and quality of P. cocos were effective in the order of 20cm, 40cm, and 60cm of buring depth and dwindled. In 20cm of burying depth, DCI was shortened by 5 days and CR was none, while the control group showed 2% CR. MD was remarkably fine at the mulched conditions. DPI was shortened by 20 days when compared with the control(62 days).

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2017

We here report a case of long-term fistula formation due to bullet retention for 30 years in the lumbar spine after a gunshot injury, and describe its treatment. A 62-year-old male visited our hospital due to pus-like discharge from his left flank. The discharge had been present for 30 years, since his recovery from an abdominal gunshot injury. A spine radiography showed radiopaque material in the body of the third lumbar vertebra. Foreign body was removed using an anterolateral retroperitoneal approach. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged 7 days after the operation and was followed-up for 8 months, during which time, the fistula did not reoccur. A bullet retained long term in the vertebral body may cause obstinate osteomyelitis and fistula formation. A fistula caused by a foreign body in the spine can be effectively treated by surgical removal.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 2006

The frequency of a bladder foreign body in the female is lower than in the male, and bladder stones attached to foreign bodies such as non-absorbable suture material are not common. Moreover, vesicovaginal fistulas due to migration or puncture of suture materials into the bladder are rare. In this report, we present a case of bladder stone and vesicovaginal fistula formation in a 29-year-old female patient who had been treated with the McDonald operation for an incompetent internal os of the cervix (IIOC) during pregnancy. The patient was successfully treated by cystoscopic removal of the bladder stone with suture material and conservative treatment for the vesicovaginal fistula.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.219-223
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• 2014

During surgical procedures, unexpected material, including surgical instruments and tissue segments, may get lost in the surgical field. Most of these should be immediately removed to prevent further complications, such as vital organ irritation, infection, and inflammatory pseudo-tumor formation. However, it is not always easy to define the exact location of the foreign body, especially if the item is very small and/or it is embedded in the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Intraoperative real-time radiological imaging with C-arm fluoroscopy can be useful to trace the three-dimensional location of small and embedded foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial area. We describe an unusual case of an embedded micro-screw in the intrinsic tongue muscle that had been dropped into the sublingual space during a lower alveolar bone graft procedure. The lost foreign body was accurately identified with C-arm fluoroscopy and safely removed without any further complications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2011

The semiconducting material of ZnO in II-VI group was well known as its good application for photo electronics, chemical sensors and field effect transistors due to the remarkable optical properties with wide energy band gap and great ionic reactivities. Up to now the growth of a good quality of ZnO film has been issued for better performances. Even though there were many deposition methods for making ZnO films, pulse laser deposition methods have been preferred for high crystalline films. In this report, the ZnO film was also created by pulsed laser deposition technique which also showed high crystalinity. By controlling several factors when deposited, it was investigated that the optimal condition for ZnO film formation. Mainly, oxygen partial pressures and growth temperatures were changed when ZnO films were synthesized and followed the characterization by HRXRD and AFM.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 1998

We determined the incidence of activation, male pronuclear formation and apposition of pronuclei in porcine oocytes following intracy-toplasmic injection of various porcine sperm components and foreign species spermatozoa, such as mouse, human or cattle. The porcine oocytes were activated by injection of a spermatozoon or an isolated sperm head. Neither isolated sperm tail nor perinuclear material removed sperm head activated oocytes. Because injection of mouse, bovine or human spermatozoon activated porcine oocytes, the sperm born activation factors is not strict species specific. Male pronuclear formation and pronuclear apposition were observed in the porcine oocytes following injection of porcine, bovine, mouse or human spermatozoa. The electrical stimulation following sperm cell injection did not enhance the incidence of male pronuclear formation nor pronuclear apposition comparent with sperm cell injection alone (p>0.1). Mitosis and two cell division in some oocytes were observed at 20 to 24 h after injection of porcine spermatozoon. However, none of oocytes following injection of mouse, bovine or human spermatozoa developed to the mitotic metaphase or normally divided to the two cell stage. These results suggested that the oocyte activating factor(s) presented in the perinuclear material and it is not species specific for the porcine oocyte.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.282-292
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• 2003

Several agents are in use to promote new bone formation during bone graft procedures in maxillofacial region. Among them, we have used crude BMP, PRP, and P-15 for experimentally created defects with accompanying graft materials in the rabbit model. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of above mentioned agents on bone formation using histologic and histomorphometrical methods, thus to provide experimental support for clinical application of these agents. Six rabbits were used as experimental animals. Four surgical defects were created on the distal femoral heads of each animal using trephine drill. The defects were filled with each agents with accompaning graft materials as experimental groups and particulate corti-co-cancellous autogenous graft as control. For histomorphometric analysis, fluorescent dye was injected at 2week and 1week before sacrifice. Then, the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8weeks after surgery and histologic and histomorphometric examinations were achieved. At two weeks after bone graft, bone formation and active remodeling process were examined in all experimental groups and the control. But the intensity of such activities of the experiments were somewhat weaker than that of the control. In BMP group, the amount of newly formed osteoid was increased constantly and the amount was preserved constantly in PRP group. But in P-15 group, the amount of newly formed osteoid was decreased with time to 8week after surgery. Histologic findings showed superior bony quantity and quality in PRP group than that of P-15 group. MAR(Mineralization Apposition Rate) of all experimental groups were slower than that of control group. In P-15 group, constant foreign body reaction was observed at all periods and the graft material showed inwardly destroyed characteristics rather to mature. The data from this study provide the basis for future studies for evaluating the long-term remodeling process and foreign body reactions observed in P-15 group and clinical study for predictable use of these agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 1978

Economic development is usually identified with the increased of G.N.P and capital formation connected directly wi:11 the net increase of land, structure, commodity, stocks and foreign claims, etc. The increase of G.N.P. is driving at capital formation. The usual concept of capital formation for economic development misses the important productivity factor of human capital. Because it is now increasingly realized that a massive injection of material into production will 11 not necessarily explain a successful productivity unless that country already possesses 1 suitable human capital. Human capital is built of educational investment which is related to the physical capital. Many statistical investigations identified this reality. Of late years, a great crowd of economists studying an the problem of economic development have turned their attention towards human capital. Thereupon, this paper has dealt with the fact that educational investment affects physical capital and employment. The qualitative increment of human capital will increase the productivity but excessive expenditure on human capital will squander a physical capital. In designing a strategy of human capital for economic development, one needs to consider tile level of educational investment because educational investment of developing countries will be accasionaly made or marred by investment level and direction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 1986

The behavior of micro amount of Am in aqueous solution were investigated with centrifugation method as a function of pH. In the studies described here, equilibration times were extended to 2-3 weeks to know the aging effect in radiocolloid formation. Also, the effect of the addition of foreign materials, e. g. silica gel and Fe$^{3+}$ were examined as well as the effect of presence of concentrated electrolyte. In the results, Am appeared to be rapidly adsorbed on to impurity particles for pH < 6 and probably on the container walls by an ionic sorption process. The addition of foreign material increased the fraction of Am while the addition of concentrated electrolyte hindered the process. For pH > 7 Am behaved quite differently than for pH < 6. There appeared to be rapid sorption of some Am from solution probably on the container walls followed by partial desorption that occurred over a period of 1-2 days.s.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.298-306
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• 2015

Bacterial infection after implant installation or bone graft is a serious complication. Bone grafts represent a temporary foreign body lacking vascularisation and are therefore of increased susceptibility to infection, which may be introduced either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Bone graft-associated infections are due to biofilm formation on the surface of the bone graft and often require removal of the infected bone graft with substantial graft failure. In this review, the implant and graft related infection, the role of biofilm and the management will be discussed.