• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.47-66
• /
• 2014

A noticeable aspect of Korean firms' outward sequential FDIs to China is that they occur sequentially, which means that they implement the outward FDIs to China with a long-term perspective. To analyze the strategic advantages of sequential investment, we introduce Cournot type quantity competition model. According to the model, three important implications are derived. First, sequential FDIs enhances the Korean parents' production capabilities. Second, the parents are more likely to establish new Chinese subsidiaries as they stay longer in China. Third, the production effect of sequential investments incurs more sequential investments. Some regression models are tested for verifying the predictions. According to empirical results, three important results are found. First, initial entry mode affects the size expansion of the Korean parents. Second, the longer the duration of intial subsidiary in China, the more the sequential investment will be. Third, sequential investments are positively associated with the productivity of the Korean parents.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.393-416
• /
• 2009

This paper explores the technology resource-based determinants influencing internationalization performance of Korean software-related new ventures. On the ground of the study by Zahra et al.(2003), this paper aims to test empirically in Korea how interaction effects of tangible and intangible technological resources, as firm capability, are related to software new ventures' internationalization performance. The test results shows that intangible technological resource represented by R&D intensity is not significantly related to internationalization performance, but reveals that intangible technological resource represented by strength of technological cooperation network and technological reputation is positively and significantly associated with internationalization performance. Internationalization performance is more significantly and positively associated with the interactions of tangible technological resource and intangible technological resource than those resources respectively. The implication for the findings in the paper is that cutting edge technological capability of software new ventures can be more closely associated with internationalization performance if those resources are fully utilized or leveraged by intangible resources acquired by cooperation with local networks and created through technological reputation of new ventures.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.277-295
• /
• 2016

It is undoubtedly true that national security in Korean peninsula is on the road to destabilization. The main factors are known to be North Korea's development and experiment on nuclear arms, especially the forth nuclear experiment on January 6th, ICBM launch February 7th, and encroachment upon the territory the NLL on the 8th along with the shutdown on Gaeseong Industrial Complex. Also, China's trouble with other nations over sovereignty over islands in the South China Sea and the fact that Japan's government is veering to the right side and having territorial dispute are making the case worse. Nations in Northeast Asia are striving to obtain the interest for the sake of their own country. In order to do so, they're walking the path to achieve national security. Until then, they are not so willing to participate foreign matters or economical race. Even in our perspective, these issues are many of the main problems which our country is currently facing. However, it is important for them to avoid making policies which may take away the citizen's happiness. The number one priority for the nation or any form of a group is to act in the best interest for the national security and the citizen's happiness. They are the main factors why a nation could exist. They are the symbols of a nation's sovereign authority. Countries outside are proving it by increasing their national defense budget even in this unprecedented economical crisis. If we are willing to stay the same as ever, the disparity in the military force will not be the same in the future. In conclusion, the study examines the problem which changes in Northeast Asia's defense environment could bring and the appropriate amount of national defense budget in order to support the nation's integration of its abilities to move toward South and North Korea's unification.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2019

The statistics of committing suicide in S. Korea is ranked in top with serious attempts of falling among OECD countries since 2003. The rates is slightly dropped by 5 percent point, nevertheless the falling is still high for the age of over 10 years old and this matter must be solved. Most of the case of suicides are the falling based on a trend view of falling which is serious matter and cannot be solved easily for both domestic and foreign countries. For example, the steel net of falling prevent was installed in the Golden Gate Bridge costed by 200 million-dollar. In New Zealand, the steel net of falling prevention had been removed and re-installed beccause of the high suicide rates. Canada and Australia also surrounded the bridge with steel fences to prevent suicide without consideration of the beauty of bridge. Therefore, this paper suggested a comparison study on both falling prevention systems in all countries and patent technologies. Also, it covers the blocking skills of approach in both security and limited area. This paper suggested the technical Rollinder system equipped with the mechanical apprentice to prevent effectively the falling sucides and wall passing. Before the installation of Rollinder System by 2016, there were 33 person who tried to fall in the river in Machang Bridge. However, the number of the committing suicides were dramatically reduced to zero after the installation of the system.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2019

It is an undeniable that cultural landscape of Korea is centered in Seoul, where all the cultural powers are oriented. From this aspect, a municipal theatre of Daegu (Daegu Municipal Theatre), where is considered an area somewhat isolated from the perspective of culture, has managed to develop theoretical programs serving public purposes through efforts on the diversification of performance programs, development of creative plays, acceptance of open direction, classic, modern and experimental plays, foreign exchange, musicals and non-verbal, development of modern and post-modern history of the region, aggressive exploration of subjects, and characterization of the theater through citizen-participated programs and communication with citizens. With such efforts on diversification of public benefits and communality conforming to its purpose, it has been recognized for its contribution to the recovery of popularity of performance art and plays in Daegu. The Daegu Municipal Theatre, celebrating the 20th anniversary of establishment this year and having Choi Ju-Hwan as its fifth art director, has managed to conduct various experimental attempts to gain popularity and these include the exploration of the region and its historical figures, development and promotion of creative musicals, and promotion of communication between citizens and performance culture and of participation of audiences, in turn having a stabilized operation system. Such changes are seemed to be attributable to the maturity of performance production and roles of senior members. From this aspect, this study aims at investigating the changes in the Daegu Municipal Theatre and 'roles and popularity of national/public theatre companies.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.626-636
• /
• 2022

Shellfish are exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates that consume various organic and inorganic substances floating in seawater through filter feeding. Heavy metals are known as absorbed and accumulated in seawater. Some of the toxic heavy metals are highly accumulated in seawater, and exposure to them can cause a variety of risks to the human body. Since Koreans like to eat seafood, they are more likely to be exposed to contaminated seafood with heavy metals. In this study, nine types of heavy metals were analyzed on ten different shellfish species in the coastal area of South Korea. The risk assessment was also done on shellfish in which heavy metals were detected. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were identified at an average of 56.7 mg/kg (6.70 to 466 mg/kg) and 13.2 mg/kg (0.064 to 143 mg/kg), respectively. Lead (Pb) average of 0.208 mg/kg (0.000750 to 1.02 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd) average of 0.454 mg/kg (0.0388 to 1.56 mg/kg) and mercury (Hg) average of 0.0266 mg/kg (0.00548 to 0.174 mg/kg) were identified. Additionally, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and silver (Ag) were also identified as average concentrations of 4.02 (0.460 to 15.0 mg/kg), 0.167 (< limit of quantification [LOQ] to 0.820 mg/kg), 0.281 (< LOQ to 1.46 mg/kg), and 0.158 mg/kg (< LOQ to 1.15 mg/kg). The result indicates that the monitoring results of heavy metals in most shellfish satisfied the Korean standard. However, Pb and Cd have exceeded some foreign standards, such as the United States and the EU. The permissible human exposure calculated using the heavy metal intake and detection amount was lower than the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives human safety standard, and the risk of heavy metals from shellfish consumption was at an acceptable level.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 2009

This paper shows trends in domestic and foreign web accessibility. To disclose the web accessibility observance rate, seven central adminstration institutions and another seven north-eastern cities in Gyeong gi-Do and seven major IT companies were evaluated. KADO-WAH 2.0 was used for showing the observance rate. The evaluation criteria was that of Internet Web contents accessibility Guidelines 1.0. The evaluation was limited to Guideline 1 and Guideline 2 of non-text contents and the restricted frame usage and the keyboard-only operation. The average points for three items are as follows: 65.56% for North-Eastern cities in Gyeong gi-Do and 43.71% for Central adminstration institutions and the average 29.33% for major IT companies. The observance rate was highest by 99.3% in Human-rights committee among the central administration institutions. With the observance rate of 98%, Namyang-ju city came first in Gyeong gi-Do area. Samsung electronics was the highest with 63.66% in observance rate. The Central adminstration got lowered from the average 82.14% in 2006 to the average 54.28% in 2009, with the result of 27.86% down. Accordingly, the urgent improvement for Central adminstration and Local adminstration in web accessibility is asked for. The same is true with major IT companies in web accessibility.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2016

The main purpose of this study was to empirically validate whether a factor in reducing youth externalizing problem behaviors impact analysis and affection between father and youth self-esteem externalizing problem behavior through effective regulation. The survey was conducted by the researcher who visits the school to collect the sample data by random sampling method on 336 male students at D area. After delating the 38 insincere questionnaires, final 298 data were analyzed. Using SPSS 21.0, the simple correlational analysis was conducted to decide the relationship among the variables and in order to know the reciprocal model, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was implemented. The results showed the esteem and the affection his father on a statistically significant effect on youth externalizing problem behavior, father attachment had the effect of regulating the relationship between self-esteem and externalizing problem behavior. Through these results through the self-esteem Improvement Plan of the Father and the love of young people and to promote a proposal for reducing externalizing problem behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.244-260
• /
• 2024

Purpose: With the 2021 revision of dietary guidelines in Korean emphasizing environmentally sustainable dietary practices, this study attempted to develop an evaluation tool to comprehensively evaluate the degree of practice and compliance with food and nutrient intake, dietary habits, and dietary culture guidelines based on the revised dietary guidelines. Methods: The candidate evaluation items were collected by reviewing 934 literature reviews on domestic and foreign dietary evaluations. Fifty-nine candidate items were derived by selecting the items corresponding to dietary guidelines. The content validity ratio (CVR) cutoff point evaluation was conducted with 11 experts to delete 11 items that did not meet the CVR standard. Fifty-five pilot survey candidate items were selected through revision and additional process according to expert opinion. Seventy final candidate items were selected by adding 15 questions for validity verification and reference. A pilot survey was conducted online and offline on 332 adults aged 19-64 in Seoul and the metropolitan area, and exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the construct validity of the evaluation items. Through exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's sphericity test, variance explained, and Cronbach's alpha criteria were confirmed in each process. Results: Exploratory factor analyses derived three criteria: food and nutrient intakes (11 items), eating behaviors (9 items), and dietary culture (14 items), consisting of 34 evaluation items. Conclusion: The present scale was validated and can be used for comprehensive evaluations of the dietary guidelines for Korean adults in a simple way.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.483-509
• /
• 1999

Biodegradable barrier membrane has been demonstrated to have guided bone regeneration capacity on the animal study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of cultured calvarial cell inoculated on the biodegradable barrier membrane for the regeneration of the artificial bone defect. In this experiment 35 Sprague-Dawley male rats(mean BW 150gm) were used. 30 rats were divided into 3 groups. In group I, defects were covered periosteum without membrane. In group II, defects were repaired using biodegradable barrier membrane. In group III, the defects were repaired using biodegradable barrier membrane seeded with cultured calvarial cell. Every surgical procedure were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). After anesthesia, 5 rats were sacrificed by decapitation to obtain the calvaria for bone cell culture. Calvarial cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. The number of cell inoculated on the membrane were $1{\times}10^6$ Cells/ml. The membrane were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. A single 3-mm diameter full-thickness artificial calvarial defect was made in each animal by using with bone trephine drill. After the every surgical intervention of animal, all of the animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3 weeks after surgery by using of perfusion technique. For obtaining histological section, tissues were fixed in 2.5% Glutaraldehyde (0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2) and Karnovsky's fixative solution, and decalcified with 0.1M disodium ethylene diaminetetraacetate for 3 weeks. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of calvaria. Section in 7${\mu}m$ thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained. 1 . During the whole period of experiment, fibrous connective tissue was revealed at 1week after surgery which meant rapid soft tissue recovery. The healing rate of defected area into new bone formation of the test group was observed more rapid tendency than other two groups. 2 . The sequence of healing rate of bone defected area was as follows ； test group, positive control, negative control group. 3 . During the experiment, an osteoclastic cell around preexisted bone was not found. New bone formation was originated from the periphery of the remaing bone wall, and gradually extended into central portion of the bone defect. 4 . The biodegradable barrier membrane was observed favorable biocompatibility during this experimental period without any other noticeable foreign body reaction. And mineralization in the newly formed osteoid tissue revealed relatively more rapid than other group since early stage of the healing process. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the biodegradable barrier membrane may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone. This study thus demonstrates a tissue-engineering the approach to the repair of bone defects, which may have clinical applications in clinical fields of the dentistry including periodontics.