• Maritime Security
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-44
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• 2021

China's new Maritime Policy Law (MPL) purports to regulate the duties of China's maritime police agencies, including the China Coast Guard, and safeguard China's sovereignty, security, and rights and interest. The MPL has potentially far-reaching application, as China claims extensive maritime areas off its mainland and in the South China Sea. This expansive application of maritime law enforcement jurisdiction is problematic given that most of China's maritime claims are inconsistent with international law. To the extent that the MPL purports to assert jurisdiction over foreign flagged vessels in disputed areas or on the high seas, it contravenes international law. Numerous provisions of the MPL regarding the use of force are also inconsistent with international rules and standards governing the use of maritime law enforcement jurisdiction, as well as the UN Charter's prohibition on the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. China could use the MPL as a subterfuge to advance its illegal territorial and maritime claims in the South and East China Seas and interfere with coastal State resource rights in their respective exclusive economic zone.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.9-34
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• 2019

The Korean Police Force is equipped with the dual responsibility to not only protect the constitutional right to protest, but also prevent potential disorder and misconduct might be caused by the abuse of such a right. To this end, the Korean national police employ the crowd counting methodology, termed 'Maximum Figure at Any One Time' with a view to dispatching the proportionate number of police officers to protest scenes for safety management. However, protest organizers rather take advantage of 'Cumulative Figure' methodology, the purpose of which being to publicize the wide recognition of success, noticeably by demonstrating that as many people as possible support for their cause or voice. Hence, different estimates generated by different methods have raised serious political issues in Korean society. Nevertheless, it is found out that there are only three existing academic studies in Korea regarding crowd counting methods, and they are mainly geared towards comparing the two methods, unfortunately without any attempt to analyze the foreign literature in details. Keeping the research gap in mind, the research conducts a comprehensive review of the foreign literature with relation to protest crowd counting methods. Derived from the review and analysis, the counting methods can be broadly categorized into the three models such as: 1) Grid/Density Model, 2) Moving Crowds Model, and 3) Electronic & Non-Image Model. In the end, the research provides brief explanations regarding specific research findings per each model, and further, suggests some policy implications for the development of more accurate crowd counting methodology at protests in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2013

Each country has recently established and operated so called Aids to Navigation(AtoN) AIS system collecting and transferring information on the sea state and AtoN's position. Korea has also decided to introduce the system and been establishing it. And it has already installed and operated this system in Incheon and Daesan. For the purpose of giving the national standards of AtoN AIS, this paper is to investigate the present states of AtoN AIS systems in the above two area and to suggest the improvement to the operation of AtoN AIS system. To make it, the paper deals with the international regulations of related AtoN AIS and the cases of foreign's AtoN AIS system installed and also investigates the operation states of the system, in five modules such as system management, system composition, information, function and cooperation. The followings are concluded; improving the inconsistency of system management, reducing operator's confusion caused by excessive display of AtoN AIS system, improving the problem of receiving unnecessary information, improving the functional problems caused by AIS communication inability and improving AtoN AIS information which is presently not used on board.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2020

Purpose: Korean studies on the prevalence of a tarsal coalition are quite rare, and there are very few reports on the prevalence of multiple tarsal coalitions among adults in the foreign literature. Therefore, this study examined the characteristics and prevalence of tarsal coalition in the Korean population based on imaging tests. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of tarsal coalition and its anatomical location and histological classification were reviewed retrospectively among 4,711 patients (4,454 males and 257 females) with an ankle sprain or ankle fracture who underwent foot and ankle computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging between March 2009 and February 2019 at the authors' institution. Results: Over a period of 10 years, 78 patients (1.7%) had a tarsal coalition, among whom 53 patients (67.9%) had an isolated tarsal coalition and 25 patients (32.1%) had multiple tarsal coalitions. Regarding the anatomical location, a talocalcaneal coalition was the most common type in both isolated (31 patients, 37 cases [62.7%]) and multiple (22 patients, 23 cases [45.1%]) tarsal coalitions. In the isolated coalition group, the second-most common type was calcaneonavicular coalition (10 patients, 16.9%), followed by naviculocuneiform (nine patients, 15.3%) and cuboidonavicular coalitions (three patients, 5.1%). In the multiple coalition group, the second-most common coalition type was calcaneonavicular coalition (14 patients, 14 cases [27.5%]), followed by talonavicular coalition (six patients, six cases [11.8%]). From a total of 60 cases of talocalcaneal coalition, 24 cases (40.0%) were in the posterior facet, 18 cases (30.0%) in the middle facet, and four cases (6.7%) in the anterior facet. Regarding the histological classification, cartilaginous coalition was the most common in both single (32 patients, 35 cases [59.3%]) and multiple (20 patients, 37 cases [72.5%]) coalition groups. Conclusion: The present study found that talocalcaneal coalition was the most common type of tarsal coalition. In contrast to previous reports that a talocalcaneal coalition generally occurs in the middle facet, it was usually observed in the posterior facet in the present study. In addition, although multiple tarsal coalitions have been reported to be quite rare, this study confirmed that they are not rare and can occur in a range of patterns.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of helminths parasites from collected fecal samples of 410 feral pigeons (Columba livia) in 3 different areas of Gwangjin-gu, Seongdong-gu and Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul from December, 2011 to July, 2012 in Korea. The fecal samples were examined through by the centrifugation method using formalin-ether solution. The overall prevalence of parasites in the pigeons was 29.27% (120/410). Two nematodes (Tetrameres spp. and Capillaria spp.) and one protozoa (Eimeria spp.) were identified. In the case of nematodes, Tetrameres spp. dominated numerically (58, 14.15%), followed by Capillaria spp. (10, 2.44%) and oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in 78 cases (19.02%). This investigation introduces the result of examination on the prevalence of parasites in feral pigeons from some areas in Seoul for the first time.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.733-738
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• 2017

This study is to find out empirically how the fear of crime is affected by the level of recognition of people. CPTED elements including natural surveillance, access control, utilization enhancement, territoriality securement, etc. Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED is currently being applied to every town. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.273-298
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• 2011

The Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the Chosun dynasty and Japan and the United States of America etc. began signing procedures from Feb. 1876. Thus, Busan port became an open port to foreign vessels in 1876. This has resulted in Busan port becoming the greatest port in Korea. This study explored records which were made by the Chosun dynasty and Japan on the opening and development of Busan port. The results are as follows ; According to making treaties between the Chosun dynasty and foreign countries, Chosun dynasty gradually opened a door to the international community. Various institutions were established in and around Busan port by Chosun and Japan. For example, maritime customs, a court of justice, police station by the Chosun side, a Japanese consulate, the Board of Trade for Japan etc by the Japan side. Records made by or related to these institutions and on the development of the Busan port during the open-port period and the Japanese colonial period were preserved at the Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, the National Institute of Korean History, and the Busan Metropolitan Simin Municipal Library.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.600-608
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the types of crimes taking place using NFT in P2E games, and to devise measures to prevent crimes and legal sanctions between the government and companies. Method: In order to classify crime types in the metaverse, crime types were analyzed based on the results of previous studies and current incidents. Results: Most of the crimes taking place through NFTs in P2E games are hacking, money laundering, and copyright issues. Although games are regulated in Korea, these are crimes that can occur if game regulations are loosened in the future. Therefore, crime types were classified into hacking, money laundering, tax evasion, copyright issues, and game speculation, and various cases of damage have already occurred in foreign countries. Conclusion: Currently, no crimes are occurring in Korea due to game regulations, but as seen in foreign cases, large amounts of hacking and money laundering using NFTs are taking place in Korea. this will have to be provided

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

Sexually abused victims suffer not only physical damage, but they may also experience an array of additional problems ranging from acute fear, depressed mood, anxiety, shame, or insomnia to long-term psychiatric disorders. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is known to have excellent therapeutic effects for trauma victims including victims of sexual violence. CBT treatment includes stress immunity training, relaxation training, and acceptance and commitment therapy. In foreign countries TF-CBT is carried out online in order to increase the therapeutic accessibility for the victim and improve the quality of the interview for the therapists. As a result, those victims who have difficulties in requesting external help, who live in remote areas, or who have limited time may now have access to the service and benefit from the online education programs. A website providing an online based TF-CBT program was initiated in Korea also. Through the website, victims and their guardians may obtain therapeutic information without the need for face-to-face meetings with therapists. Our goal is to create a system with this website which will provide therapeutic assistance to sexual violence victims and improve the quality of the counseling provided by the therapist.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2015.01a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2015

최근 평균수명이 증가와 더불어 삶의 질이 중요시하고 건강한 삶을 누리고자하는 인류의 염원은 보건의료라는 보편적 가치에 동반 상승할 수 있는 산업과의 결합이 의료관광이라는 새로운 관광시장을 형성하였다. 의료관광은 시장규모가 1억 달러 이상에 이를 것으로 예상되는 고부가가치 산업이다. 또한 외국인을 상대 의료관광은 체류기간이 길고 지출비용도 일반 관광객의 3배 이상으로 지역경제 활성화에 큰 공헌을 하는 대표적인 신 성장 동력산업으로 보고 있다. 더불어 의료관광 추세가 의료서비스를 받으면서 휴양 레저 문화활동을 함께 즐기는 방향으로 발전될 것으로 예측하고 최근 단순 치료 목적이 아닌 방향으로 선회하고 있다. 그러나 국가 정책적 산업으로서 육성에 박차를 가하고는 있으나 의료 기반시설이 열악하고 관련 규정 및 제도적 미비점이 지금의 의료관광 산업에 발맞추지 못하는 실정이다. 이는 주변 경쟁국에 비해 인식부족과 세계시장에 대한 마케팅 활동 부족 및 의료관광 상품의 다양성 부족 등과 함께 의료관광이 활성화하기 위하여 여러 가지 제약이 되는 정책적 문제점들이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현행 우리나라의 의료관광에 대한 정책적 과제를 살펴보고 이를 개선하기 위한 제도적 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다.