• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 2022

In relation to telemedicine in Korea's medical law, there are Articles 17, 17-2, and 34 of the Medical Act. Since 'direct examination' in Articles 17 and 17-2 of the Medical Act can be interpreted as 'self-examination' rather than 'face-to-face examination', it is difficult to see the above regulation as a regulation prohibiting telemedicine. Prohibiting telemedicine only with the concept of medical examination or the 'principle of face-to-face treatment' is against the principle of "nulla poena sine lege"(the principle of legality). However, in order to qualify as 'examination', it must be faithful enough to replace face-to-face examination, so issuing a medical certificate or prescription after a poor examination over the phone is considered a violation of the Medical Act. In that respect, the above regulation can be said to be a regulation that indirectly limits telemedicine. On the other hand, most lawyers interpret that telemedicine between medical personnel and patients is completely prohibited based on Article 34, and the Supreme Court recently ruled that such telemedicine is not permitted even if there is a patient's request. However, this interpretation is not only far from the legislative intention at the time when telemedicine regulations were introduced into the Medical Act of 2002, but also does not match the needs of reality or the legislative trend of foreign countries. The reason is that telemedicine regulations are erroneously legislated. The premise of the legislation is wrong, and there are considerable problems in the form and content of the legislation. As a result, contrary to the original legislative intent, telemedicine was completely banned. In foreign countries, it is difficult to find cases where telemedicine is completely banned and criminal punishment is imposed for it. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of telemedicine, Article 34 of the Medical Act needs to be deleted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1366-1381
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• 1997

Background : Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) has become the most common surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). However, the results of this therapeutic modality have been quite variable with successful results by several authors and poor results by others. Until recently, in Korea, there is only a few reports about the clinical efficacy of UPPP. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of UPPP. Method : Twenty-six OSAS patients who had undergone UPPP with preoperative and postoperative polysomnographic studies were included in this study. Two definitions of surgical success were used. The responder was defined, using a conventional criteria, as a 50% or more reduction in apnea index(AI) or apneahypopnea index(AHI) after UPPP, or a postoperative AI of <10 or AHI of <20. The initial cure was defined, using our own criteria, as a postoperative AI of <5 or AHI of <10. Complications were categorized in two groups : early(disorders during the first 10 postoperative days) and late. Results : Eighteen patients(69.2%) were responders, and ten patients(38.5%) were considered as initial cure. On the other hand, in five patients (19.2%), postoperative polysomnographic data demonstrated deterioration compared with preoperative data. Reduction rate of AI or AHI following UPPP was not significantly related to the preoperative body mass index, AI or AHI. There was no significant change of sleep architecture before and after UPPP in responder and initial cure groups. Early complications such as pain, dyspnea, bleeding, nasal reflux, dysphagia or wound disruption were observed in all patients. Late complications such as nasal reflux, voice change, dysphagia, loss of taste, pharyngeal dryness or foreign body sensation were discovered in 22 patients (84.6%). However, all early and late complications were of minor importance. Conclusion : The response to UPPP was favorable in approximately 70% of OSAS patient. However, the initial Cure rate of UPPP was relatively low. We suggest that selection of more appropriate surgical candidates and adequate surgical protocol is necessary to obtain a more successful result with UPPP.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the characteristic MR imaging findings of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the skull and to compare them with those of plain radiography and computed tomography. Materials and Methods : A total of 10 lesions in 9 patients (Age range; 5-42 years, Mean age; 18, all women) with Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the skull were included in our study. Nine lesions in nine patients were histologically confirmed by surgery or fine needle aspiration biopsy. All patients performed with MRI, and plain radiography and CT scan were done in 7 patients (8 lesions). Two experienced neuroradiologists reviewed the radiological examinations independently with attention to location, size, shape and nature of the lesions in the skull and compared the extent and extension of the lesions to adjacent structures. Results : The lesions were distributed in all of the skulls without predilection site. On MRI, the masses were shown as well-enhancing soft tissue masses (10/10) mainly in diploic spaces (8/10) with extension to scalp (9/10) and dura mater (7/10). Dural enhancement (7/10) and thickening (4/10) were seen. The largest diameter of the soft tissue masses ranged 1.1 cm to 6.8 cm, shaped as round (5/10) or oval (5/10). On CT scans, the lesions were presented as soft tissue masses involving diploic space (6/8) and scalp extension (7/8) were also well visualized. Although bony erosion or destruction was more clearly seen on CT rather than those of MRI, enhancement of soft tissue masses and dura were not well visualized on CT. In contrast, all of the lesions in LCH were seen as punched out (4/8), beveled-edge appearance (4/8) osteolytic masses in plain radiography, but scalp and dural extension could not be seen. Conclusion : Characteristic MR findings in patients with LCH are soft tissue mass in diploic space with extension to dura and scalp, and MRI would be better imaging modality than plain radiography or CT.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to verify the correlation between teenagers' use of internet and temporomandibular joint disorders(TMJD) because TMJD patients gradually increase in high school students. Methods : Subjects were 221 male high school students attending liberal arts and commercial schools from 9 to 21 of April, 2012. Students completed self-reported questionnaire. Results : TMJD symptoms included crackling joint (32.1%), headache (18.6%), malocclusion (8.1%), and jaw fatigue and muscular aching (7.2%). Students having at least one symptom accounted for 49.8%. Students having at least one poor habit accounted for 83.7% and 34.0% of the students used internet for 3 hours.. Score of students experiencing shoulders and chest pain was $5.13{\pm}1.10$ (p<0.05). Score of TMD afflicting area revealed $4.67{\pm}2.73$ (p<0.05) in mastication pain ($4.13{\pm}2.73$ (p<0.05)) due to long hours of internet use. Score of jaw fatigue related to muscular pain was $4.31{\pm}1.96$ (p<0.01). Duration of computer use was related to perceived TMJD symptoms (r=.153). Long duration of computer use was related to poor oral cavity habits (r=.157). Conclusions : Male high school students can perceive slight TMD which needs self management and regular check-ups and try to prevent TMD by utilizing measurement tools on TMD. Also, this study helps to prevent from worsening TMD by shortening hours of computer utilization.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2015

Recently, There has been a growing interests in exposure dose to the patient who take a examination using radiation. The radiological technologists should be concerned about the exposure dose to patients and make an efforts to reduce the patient dose without decreasing the image quality. In the case of foreign, the exposure dose of general X-ray examination have been managed by standard value of exposure dose using dose area product (DAP) and entrance surface dose (ESD) dosimeter. This study is to compare DAP and ESD in skull anterior posterior (AP), chest posterior anterior (PA), and abdomen AP projections of phantom by using DAP and ESD dosimeter. In the results, there were no differences between DAP and ESD dosimeter.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1973

Five cases of esophageal cancer developed at the site of esophageal lye stricture were reported. Duration of lye stricture was between 13 and 40years, and all 5 cases had taken normal diet without appreciable troubles after recovery from the acute stage of burn till the suspected onset of esophageal malignaney. Outstanding symptoms of this grave condition were rather acute progressive dysphagia and frequent episodes of esophageal foreign bodies, Diagnosis could be confirmed easily by endoscopic biopsy in suspected eases, and all were epidermoid carcinoma histopathologically. Curative resection of this condition was made in neither of the cases, and their prognoses were more grave than other esophageal malignancies in our experience. The development of esophageal carcinoma at the site of corrosive esophagitis with resulting benign stricture has now been suspected as a cause and effect relationship between these two conditions, and Kiviranta: stated that the incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with lye stricture of longer duration is a thousand times higher than normal population. During last one decade the authors experienced 5 cases of esophageal carcinoma developed at the site of lye stricture of the esophagus among about 350 cases of lye burned esophagus at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, the National Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. In Korea they still use lye as a detergent in rural area, and there are still many persons ingesting lye for suicidal attempt or on accident. Lye stricture of the esophagus is, therefore, the most common esophageal disease needing surgical procedures, and the authors believe that there will be much more eases of lye stricture complicated by esophageal eareinoma repoted in near future in this Country.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2011

Eagle's syndrome occurs when an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament causes recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia. It is supposed that this symptoms and signs are due to the compression of the styloid process on some neural and vascular structures. More uncommonly, symptoms such as dysphagia, tinnitus, and otalgia may occur in patients with this syndrome. It may also cause stroke due to the compression of carotid arteries. The compression depends on the size, shape, and orientation of the ossified styloid process Besides, degenerative or inflammatory changes in the tendinous portion of the styloid ligament insertion or rheumatic styloiditis may also cause this syndrome. Diagnosis can usually be made on physical examination by digital palpation of the styloid process in the tonsiller fossa. Three-dimensional computed tomography can utilized for supporting diagnosis. The treatment of Eagle's syndrome is primarily surgical. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral and extraoral approach. We report a 62-years-old man with the symptomatology of Eagle's syndrome and literature reviews.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report the general characteristics, satisfaction, and changes before and after treatment to foreign athletes and officials who were received Korean Medicine at the 2019 Chungju World Martial Arts Masterships Korean Medical Clinic. Methods: We investigated age, gender, nationality, type of sports, and, onset through medical records. Besides, we developed the patient satisfaction survey to determine how satisfied the patients were with the treatment they received. The survey included type of injury, location of the injury, cause of injury, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after treatment, and treatment satisfaction. Result: This study showed that knee and lower leg injuries (S80-S89) were the most frequent injuries in the Korean Medicine(KM) clinic of the 2019 Chungju World Martial Arts Masterships. We provided KM treatments including acupuncture, cupping therapy, Chuna manual therapy, herbal medicine, dressing, and taping. Acupuncture was the most frequently performed and the most satisfactory treatment. The average NRS after treatment significantly decreased, suggesting that KM is effective in controlling pain in sports injuries. The overall satisfaction was also high with KM treatments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.164-174
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to resolve the conflicting issues that are currently applied in medical Act and medical privacy Act through the comparative Analysis of the Privacy Act and the Medical Information Protection Act foreign. the results run to establish the Public Health Act coming for the protection of health information is a characteristic of many countries, France in Europe, the United States and Canada had been running an independent medical information laws are enacted. Prescribes penalties of up to a fairly systematic method from the case records of patients would not have occurred in the management and implementation of the law and the protection of the author of the book focuses on the subject of medical records and physician records between patient confidentiality and privacy it can be seen that the method defined in. This indicates the need for the establishment of an independent medical information laws to protect all records relating to the patient systematically Korea also.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Objectives: This study introduces the history and types of Korean pharmacopuncture and reports trends of research on Korean pharmacopuncture. Methods: Pharmacopuncture studies were searched from the first year of each search engine to 2014 by using seven domestic and foreign search databases. Selected studies were divided into the history of pharmacopuncture, kinds and features of pharmacopuncture, research types, and experimental and clinic studies and were then classified by year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease, and topic. Results: Pharmacopuncture can be classified into four large groups: meridian field pharmacopuncture (MFP), eight-principles pharmacopuncture (EPP), animal-based pharmacopuncture (ABP) and mountain-ginseng pharmacopuncture, which is a single-compound pharmacopuncture (SCP). The largest numbers of studies were reported from 1997 to 2006, after which the numbers decreased until 2014. Of experimental studies, 51.9%, 18.7%. 14.3%, 9% and 3.4% were on SCP, ABP, MFP, formula pharmacopuncture (FP), and EPP, respectively. Of clinical studies, 54.7%, 15.3%. 14.9% 10.0% and 1.5% were on ABP, MFP, EPP, SCP, and FP (1.5%), respectively. Among clinical studies, case reports and case series accounted for 76.5%, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 16.4%) and non-RCT (13.9%). Musculoskeletal diseases, toxicity and safety tests, anti-cancer effects, and nervous system diseases were mainly treated in experimental studies while musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, toxicity and safety tests, and autonomic nerve function tests were addressed in clinical studies. Bee venom (BV) was the most frequently-used pharmacopuncture in mechanism studies. Pharmacopuncture was mainly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and studies of it have made great progress in Korea. Studies on BV pharmacopuncture and musculoskeletal diseases accounted for most of the studies reported during the review period. Research on the types of pharmacopuncture and diseases has to be expanded. Especially, studies on the use of MFP and EPP for treating patients with various diseases are needed.